Khair ad Din

A statue in Barbaros Park near the ferry stop in Beşiktaş

Khair ad Din (circa 1475-1546) was an Ottoman-Turkish admiral and privateer who served in the Ottoman Empire and in the Barbary Coast. He was born on the island of Lesbos, in today's Greece. He died in Besiktas in Istanbul, in modern-day Turkey. Painting of Khair ad Din, founder of modern Algeria Source: LOC Country Studies The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Barbaros_Park_Statue. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Barbaros_Park_Statue. ... Events August 29 - Treaty of Picquigny ends a brief war between France and England. ... // Events Spanish conquest of Yucatan Peace between England and France Foundation of Trinity College, Cambridge by Henry VIII of England Katharina von Bora flees to Magdeburg Science Architecture Michelangelo Buonarroti is made chief architect of St. ... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (the Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Bursa (1335 - 1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Ä°stanbul (Constantinople) (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanli Dynasty Population ca 40... Admiral is a word from the Arabic term Amir-al-bahr (Lord of the bay). ... A privateer was a private ship (or its captain) authorized by a countrys government to attack and seize cargo from another countrys ships. ... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (the Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Bursa (1335 - 1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Ä°stanbul (Constantinople) (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanli Dynasty Population ca 40... The Barbary Coast, or Barbary, was the term used by Europeans till the 19th century to refer to the coastal regions of what is now Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya. ... Lesbos (Greek: Λέσβος - Lésvos; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is an island located in the northeastern Aegean Sea. ... Beşiktaş is a district of Istanbul, Turkey located on the European side of the city, by the coast of The Bosphorus. ... Shows the Location of the Province Istanbul The Sultan Ahmed Mosque, Istanbul Istanbul (Turkish: Ä°stanbul) (a Turkish contraction of Greek εις την πολιν into the city, the former Constantinople, Κωνσταντινούπολις) is the largest city in Turkey, and arguably the most important. ...

He was known as Barbarossa from Baba Aruj, his brother's name, after Aruj was killed by the Spanish in Tunisia, coincidentally also "Red Beard" to Europeans. Barbaros Hayrettin (خير الدين Khair ad Din) Pasha in Turkish. His original name in Turkish was Hızır bin Yakup, from the Arabic Khidhr 'ibn Ya'qub. Baba Aruj Aruj, turkish Oruç (c. ...

Early career

Khair ad Din (Khairuddin Abdul Rahman) was one of four brothers: Ishaq, 'Aruj, Ilias and Khidr, who were born in the 1470s on the island of Lesbos (Λέσβος) to their father, Yakup, and a Christian mother, Katalina, said to be the widow of a Christian priest. Some sources make Yakup a Sipahi, i.e. a feudal cavalry 'knight', while others make him a Janissary from Vardar. Centuries: 14th century - 15th century - 16th century Decades: 1420s 1430s 1440s 1450s 1460s - 1470s - 1480s 1490s 1500s 1510s 1520s Years: 1470 1471 1472 1473 1474 1475 1476 1477 1478 1479 Events and Trends battle of Avenches 1476 Prominent Persons Nicolaus Copernicus, Polish astronomer Categories: 1470s ... Lesbos (Greek: Λέσβος - Lésvos; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is an island located in the northeastern Aegean Sea. ... YOUNG GREEKS AT THE MOSQUE - This oil painting done by Jean Léon Gérôme portrays Greek Christian Youths who were taken from their parents and converted to Islam and given the finest training to became the elite of the army (Turkish yeniceri, “recruit”) Janissaries - oil painting on canvas... The Vardar (or Axiós, Greek: Αξιός, the ancient and current Greek name of the river) is the principal river of the Macedonian region of south-eastern Europe. ...

The four brothers initially worked as sailors, and privateers in the Mediterranean to counteract the privateering of the Knights of St. John of the Island of Rhodes. Ilias was killed during a trading expecition, and 'Aruj was captured and imprisoned in Rhodes to be sold as a slave. 'Aruj later escaped from captivity, and went to Italy and from there to Egypt. There he managed to get an audience with the Sultan Qansoh al-Ghuri, who was preparing a fleet of ships to send to India. He gave him a ship, which 'Aruj manned with sailors and started attacking the islands of the Mediterranean that are controlled by Christians, from their base in Alexandria. A privateer was a private ship (or its captain) authorized by a countrys government to attack and seize cargo from another countrys ships. ... The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ... The Knights Hospitaller (the or Knights of Malta or Knights of Rhodes) is a tradition which began as a Benedictine nursing Order founded in the 11th century based in the Holy Land, but soon became a militant Christian Chivalric Order under its own charter, and was charged with the care... Main entrance to the medieval city of Rhodes Rhodes, Greek Ρόδος (Rhodos; see also List of traditional Greek place names), is the largest of the Dodecanese islands, and easternmost of the major islands of Greece in the Aegean Sea. ... Main entrance to the medieval city of Rhodes Rhodes, Greek Ρόδος (Rhodos; see also List of traditional Greek place names), is the largest of the Dodecanese islands, and easternmost of the major islands of Greece in the Aegean Sea. ... A sultan (Arabic: سلطان) is an Islamic title, with several historical meanings. ... The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ... As a noun, Christian is an appellation and moniker deriving from the appellation Christ, which many people associate exclusively with Jesus of Nazareth. ... Antiquity and modernity stand cheek-by-jowl in Egypts chief Mediterranean seaport Located on the Mediterranean Sea coast, Alexandria (in Arabic, الإسكندرية, transliterated al-ʼIskandariyyah) is the chief seaport in Egypt, and that countrys second largest city, and the capital...

Around 1505 'Aruj managed to seize three more ships and made the island of Djerba his base, thus moving his operations to the Western Mediterranean. His fame increased when between 1504 and 1510 he transported Muslim Moriscos from Christian Spain to North Africa. He was now known as Baba Aruj, or Baba Oruc, meaning Father Aruj, for his fatherly care of muslims in need, in Spain and France Baba Aruj became Barbarossa. In 1516, Aruj captured Algiers, then Tlemcen, causing Abu Hamo Musa III to flee. Abu Zayan conspired against him, so he had him killed, and declared himself ruler over Algiers. He became known for attaching sails to cannons for transport through the deserts of North Africa. The best protection against Spain for Algiers and North Africa was joining The Ottoman Empire, Spain's main rival. For this he had to relinquish his title of Sultan of Algiers to the Ottomans. Befitting his name of Baba Aruj, he did this and stepped down. In response, the Ottomans appointed him governor of Algiers, Chief Sea Governor of the Western Mediteranean, and promised to support him. In 1518 'Aruj was killed in a battle with the Spaniards, attempting to retake Tlemcen. He died at the age of 55, and Khair ad Din took his place, his name (Barbarossa) and his mission. Events March 5 - Papal dispensation issued for the marriage of Henry VIII of England and Catherine of Aragon June 27 - Henry VIII of England repudiates his engagement to Catherine of Aragon, at his fathers command King Alexander_of_Poland signed Nihil_novi act - Poland became Nobles Democracy Poland prohibits peasants from leaving... Djerba, or Jerba, is an island (the largest in Northern Africa) off the coast of Tunisia in the Gulf of Gabes. ... The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ... Events January 1 - French troops surrender Gaeta to the Spanish under Cordoba. ... Events Conquest of Pskov by Grand Prince Vasili III of Muscovy. ... Morisco (Spanish Moor-like) or mourisco (Portuguese) is a term referring to a kind of New Christian in Spain and Portugal. ... // Events March - With the death of Ferdinand II of Aragon, his grandson Charles of Ghent becomes King of Spain as Carlos I. July - Selim I of the Ottoman Empire declares war on the Mameluks and invades Syria. ... Map of Algeria showing Algiers province Algiers (French Alger, (Arabic: ولاية الجزائر) El-Jazair, The Islands) is the capital and largest city of Algeria in North Africa. ... Tlemcen (Arabic: تلمسان) is a town in Northwestern Algeria, and the seat of government for the wilaya of the same name. ... Map of Algeria showing Algiers province Algiers (French Alger, (Arabic: ولاية الجزائر) El-Jazair, The Islands) is the capital and largest city of Algeria in North Africa. ... Events A plague of tropical fire ants devastates crops on Hispaniola. ... Tlemcen (Arabic: تلمسان) is a town in Northwestern Algeria, and the seat of government for the wilaya of the same name. ...

Khair ad Din defeated the Spanish army that tried to capture Algiers in 1529. In 1531, he captured Tunisia, causing the Hafsid king al-Hasan Ibn Muhammad al-Hafsi to flee. Map of Algeria showing Algiers province Algiers (French Alger, (Arabic: ولاية الجزائر) El-Jazair, The Islands) is the capital and largest city of Algeria in North Africa. ... Events April 22 - Treaty of Saragossa divides the eastern hemisphere between Spain and Portugal, stipulating that the dividing line should lie 297. ... Events January 26 - Lisbon, Portugal is hit by an earthquake-- thousands die October 1 - Battle of Kappel - The forces of Zürich are defeated by the Catholic cantons. ... Hafsid dynasty in Ifriqiya (1229-1574) Significant Rulers: Abu Zakariyya Yahya I. (1229-1249) Muhammad I. al-Mustansir (1249-1277) Yahya II. al-Watiq (1277-1279) Ibrahim I. (1279-1283) Ibn Abi Umara (1283-1284) Abu Hafs Umar I. (1284-1295) Abu Bakr II. (1318-1346) Ishaq II. (1350-1369...

Admiral-in-Chief of the Ottoman Empire

In 1533 Khair ad Din was made Admiral-in-Chief by the Ottoman Sultan. Events January 25 - King Henry VIII of England marries Anne Boleyn, his second Queen consort. ... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (the Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Bursa (1335 - 1365), Edirne (1365-1453), İstanbul (Constantinople) (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanli Dynasty Population ca 40... A sultan (Arabic: سلطان) is an Islamic title, with several historical meanings. ...

In 1535, al-Hasan asked the Spaniards for assistance, and Charles V prepared a campaign and recaptured Tunisia in that year. Events January 18 - Lima, Peru founded by Francisco Pizarro April - Jacques Cartier discovers the Iroquois city of Stadacona, Canada (now Quebec) and in May, the even greater Huron city of Hochelaga (now Montreal) June 24 - The Anabaptist state of Münster (see Münster Rebellion) is conquered and disbanded. ... Charles V Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain Charles V (Spanish: Carlos I, Dutch: Karel V, German: Karl V.) (24 February 1500–21 September 1558) is considered (the first) King of Spain though in fact his son was the first to use that title. ...

In 1538, the fleet of Charles V was defeated at the Battle of Preveza by Khair ad Din, securing the eastern Mediterranean for the Turks for 33 years. Events Treaty of Nagyvarad. ... The naval Battle of Preveza took place on 28 September 1538 near Preveza in northwest Greece and was an important victory for an Ottoman fleet commanded by Khair ad Din (Barbarossa) over a Spanish-Venetian fleet commanded by the great Genoese admiral Andrea Doria fleet despite the allies having a...

In 1541, Ahmed Ibn al-Hasan al-Hafsi took over Tunisia from his father, because of his father's status of servitude to the Spaniards. Events The first official translation of the entire Bible in Swedish February 12 - Pedro de Valdivia founds Santiago de Chile. ...

In 1544, when Spain declared war on France, the French king Francois I, asked the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman I for help. The latter sent a fleet headed by Khair ad Din who is victorious over the Spaniards, and manages to retake Naples from them. Events April 11 - Battle of Ceresole - French forces under the Comte dEnghien defeat Imperial forces under the Marques Del Vasto near Turin. ... Francis I, Renaissance prince, lover of women, patron of the arts Francis I (French: François Ier) (September 12, 1494 - July 31, 1547), called the Father and Restorer of Letters (French: le Père et Restaurateur des Lettres), was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (the Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Bursa (1335 - 1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Ä°stanbul (Constantinople) (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanli Dynasty Population ca 40... A sultan (Arabic: سلطان) is an Islamic title, with several historical meanings. ... This is a current Biography collaboration of the week! Please help improve it to featured article standard. ... Naples (Italian Napoli, Neapolitan Napule, from Greek Νέα Πόλις - Néa Pólis - meaning New City; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is the largest city in southern Italy and capital of Campania Region and the Province of Naples. ...

Like his brother 'Aruj, Khaid ad Din managed to coordinate a fleet of 36 ships, and in 7 voyages successfully transferred 70,000 Muslim Morisco, and settled them in Algiers, making it a stronger base against Spain. Morisco (Spanish Moor-like) or mourisco (Portuguese) is a term referring to a kind of New Christian in Spain and Portugal. ... Map of Algeria showing Algiers province Algiers (French Alger, (Arabic: ولاية الجزائر) El-Jazair, The Islands) is the capital and largest city of Algeria in North Africa. ...

Due to all these achievements, the Ottoman Sultan bestowed on him the title of Baylar Bey: Commander General.

Khair ad Din died aged 65 in his palace on the Bosphorus in Istanbul. After his death, his son, Hasan Pacha succeeded him in Algiers. Fatih Sultan Mehmed Bridge over the Bosporus seen from over Rumelihisarı This article is about the strait; Bosphorus is also a Turkish Boğaziçi or İstanbul Boğazı) is a strait that separates the European part (Rumeli) of Turkey from its Asian part (Anadolu), connecting the Sea of Marmara (Marmara Denizi) with... Shows the Location of the Province Istanbul The Sultan Ahmed Mosque, Istanbul Istanbul (Turkish: Ä°stanbul) (a Turkish contraction of Greek εις την πολιν into the city, the former Constantinople, Κωνσταντινούπολις) is the largest city in Turkey, and arguably the most important. ... Map of Algeria showing Algiers province Algiers (French Alger, (Arabic: ولاية الجزائر) El-Jazair, The Islands) is the capital and largest city of Algeria in North Africa. ...

His grave is still visible in Besiktas in Istanbul. Beşiktaş is a district of Istanbul, Turkey located on the European side of the city, by the coast of The Bosphorus. ... Shows the Location of the Province Istanbul The Sultan Ahmed Mosque, Istanbul Istanbul (Turkish: Ä°stanbul) (a Turkish contraction of Greek εις την πολιν into the city, the former Constantinople, Κωνσταντινούπολις) is the largest city in Turkey, and arguably the most important. ...

A book of memoirs and legends surrounding his life and battles, written by a ghostwriter in the 17th century have been published as "Gazawati Khair ad Din Pasha', and fictionalised "Akdeniz Bizimdi", by M. Ertuğrul Düzdağ.

External links

• Arabic biography of Khair ad Din
• Arabic biography of 'Aruj, Khair ad Din's brother
• Britannica Concise Encyclopedia
• A brief article
• An article on the Barbarossa brothers
• Another article on the Barbarossa brothers
• Original Gazawat by Seyyid Muradi