Map of Kazan Khanate, early 1500s

The Kazan Khanate (Tatar: Qazan xanlığı; Russian: Казанское ханство) (1438-1552) was a Tatar state on the territory of former Volga Bulgaria with its capital in Kazan. It covered contemporary Tatarstan, Mari El, Chuvashia, Mordovia, parts of Udmurtia and Bashkortostan. Jump to: navigation, search The history of Russia begins with that of the East Slavs, the ethnic group that eventually split into the Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians. ... The East Slavs are the ethnic group that evolved into the Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian peoples. ... Jump to: navigation, search The site of the Khazar fortress at Sarkel. ... Kievan Rus′ (Russian: , Kievskaya Rus; Ukrainian: , Kyivs’ka Rus’) was the early, mostly East Slavic¹ state dominated by the city of Kiev (Russian: Ки́ев, Kiev; Ukrainian: Ки́їв, Kyiv), from about 880 to the middle of the 12th century. ... Vladimir-Suzdal Principality, Vladimir-Suzdal Rus (Владимирско-Суздальская Русь), or Vladimir-Suzdal Grand Duchy (Влади́миро-Су́здальское кня́жество) was one of major principalities within the Kievan Rus and after its collapse. ... Medieval walls of Novgorod City The Novgorod Feudal Republic (Новгородская феодальная республика in Russian, or Novgorodskaya feodalnaya respublika) was a powerful medieval state which stretched from the Baltic Sea to the Ural Mountains between the 12th and 15th century. ... Volga Bulgaria or Volga-Kama Bolghar, is a historic state that existed between the 7th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers in what is now the Russian Federation. ... The Mongol Invasion of Russia was an invasion of the medieval state of Kievan Rus by a large army of nomadic Mongols, starting in 1223. ... This article refers to the Mongol state in what is now Russia. ... Muscovy (Moscow principality (княжество Московское) to Grand Duchy of Moscow (Великое Княжество Московское) to Russian Tsardom (Царство Русское) is a traditional Western name for the Russian state that existed from the 14th century to the late 17th century. ... Jump to: navigation, search Big Coat of Arms of the Russian Empire, adopted in 1882 Flag of Russian Empire Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic... Jump to: navigation, search The Russian Revolution of 1905 was a empire-wide spasm of both anti-government and undirected violence. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Russian Revolution of 1917 was a political movement in Russia which reached its peak in 1917 with the overthrow of the Provisional Government that had replaced the Russian Tsar system, and led to the establishment of the Soviet Union, which lasted until its collapse in... The Russian Civil War was fought between 1918 and 1922. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... In 632, Khan Kubrat united the Bulgars and formed a confederation of tribes, known as Great Bulgaria, or Bulgaria Magna, with a capital at the ancient city of Fanagoria. ... Jump to: navigation, search The site of the Khazar fortress at Sarkel. ... Volga Bulgaria or Volga-Kama Bolghar, is a historic state that existed between the 7th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers in what is now the Russian Federation. ... Kipchaks (also Kypchaks, Qipchaqs) are an ancient Turkic people, first mentioned in the historical chronicles of Central Asia in the 1st millennium BC. Their language was also known as Kipchak. ... The Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria lasted from 1223 to 1236. ... This article refers to the Mongol state in what is now Russia. ... Muscovy (Moscow principality (княжество Московское) to Grand Duchy of Moscow (Великое Княжество Московское) to Russian Tsardom (Царство Русское) is a traditional Western name for the Russian state that existed from the 14th century to the late 17th century. ... Zilant, Kazan guberniyas coat of arms Kazan governorate (also Kazanskaya guberniya, Qazan gubernası) used to be one of guberniyas of Imperial Russia in 1708-1920, with the city of Kazan as its capital. ... Idel-Ural literally means Volga-Ural in Tatar. ... Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (TASSR) was part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. ... A new page based on the new template is being worked on at Tatarstan/Temp, please make any changes you want to make on that page. ... Download high resolution version (918x686, 74 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Khanate of Kazan Categories: Historical maps | Russia maps ... Download high resolution version (918x686, 74 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Khanate of Kazan Categories: Historical maps | Russia maps ... The Tatar language (Tatar tele, Tatarça, Татар теле, Татарча) is a Turkic language belonging to the Altaic branch of the Ural-Altaic family of languages. ... Events Pachacuti who would later create Tahuantinsuyu, or Inca Empire became the ruler of Cuzco January 1 - Albert II of Habsburg becomes King of Hungary March 18 - Albert II of Habsburg becomes King of Germany Eric of Pomerania, King of Sweden, Denmark and Norway looses direct control of Sweden. ... Events April - War between Henry II of France and Emperor Charles V. Henry invades Lorraine and captures Toul, Metz, and Verdun. ... Historically, the term Tatar (or Tartar) has been ambiguously used by Europeans to refer to many different peoples of Inner Asia and Northern Asia. ... Volga Bulgaria or Volga-Kama Bolghar, is a historic state that existed between the 7th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers in what is now the Russian Federation. ... Kazan (Tatar Qazan, Казан, Russian Казань) is the capital city of Tatarstan and one of Russias largest cities. ... The Republic of Tatarstan (Russian: Респу́блика Татарста́н or Тата́рия; Tatar: Татарстан Республикасы/Tatarstan Respublikası) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... The Mari El Republic (Russian: Респу́блика Мари́й Эл; Mari: Марий Эл Республика) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... Jump to: navigation, search Capital Cheboksary Area - total - % water 81st - 18,300 km² - N/A Population - Total - Density 41st - est. ... The Republic of Mordovia (Russian: Респу́блика Мордо́вия, Moksha: Мордовскяй Республикась, Erzya: Мордовской Республикась ) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). ... The Udmurt Republic (Russian: ; Udmurt: Удмурт Элькун) or Udmurtia (Удму́ртия) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... The Republic of Bashkortostan or Bashkiria (Russian: Респу́блика Башкортоста́н or Башки́рия; Bashkir: ) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ...

It was founded by Olug Moxammat khan in 1437 or 38 as the Golden Horde finally disintegrated. An alternative theory suggests that by late 14th - early 15th century, the former territories of Volga Bulgaria (Kazan Ulus or Kazan Duchy within Golden Horde) managed to regain a degree of independence. The principality was self-governed and maintained a dynasty of Bolgar rulers. Olug Moxammat usurped the throne with help of local nobility. There are suggestions that the transfer of power was finalized by Moxammat's son Maxmud in 1445. Olug Moxammat (Ulugh Muhammed, Makhmet, Ulu-Makhmet, Tatar: Oluğ Möxämmät) (d. ... Khan (sometimes spelled as xan, han) is a title meaning ruler in Mongolian and Turkish. ... Events foundation of All Souls College, University of Oxford. ... Events Pachacuti who would later create Tahuantinsuyu, or Inca Empire became the ruler of Cuzco January 1 - Albert II of Habsburg becomes King of Hungary March 18 - Albert II of Habsburg becomes King of Germany Eric of Pomerania, King of Sweden, Denmark and Norway looses direct control of Sweden. ... This article refers to the Mongol state in what is now Russia. ... Volga Bulgaria or Volga-Kama Bolghar, is a historic state that existed between the 7th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers in what is now the Russian Federation. ... This article refers to the Mongol state in what is now Russia. ... Bulgars (also Bolgars or proto-Bulgarians) a people of Central Asia, probably originally Pamirian, whose branches became Slavicized and perhaps Turkic over time. ... Jump to: navigation, search Mäxmüd khan // (in Russian chronicles Махмутек (Makhmutek)) (?-1467) was a ruler (khan) of Kazan Khanate in (1445-1467), an elder son of OluÄŸ Möxämmäd. ... Events Discovery of Senegal and Cape Verde by Dinas Diaz Births March 1 - Sandro Botticelli, Italian painter (died 1510) March 16 - Johann Geiler von Kaisersberg, Swiss-born preacher (died 1510) Albert Brudzewski, Polish astronomer (died 1497) Nicolas Chuquet, French mathematician Deaths June 5 - Leonel Power, English composer June 11 - Henry...

The Kazan Khanate was prone to civil turmoil and struggles for the throne. The khans were replaced 19 times in 115 years, for a total of 15 khans, some ruling 2 or 3 times. The Khan was often elected from Gengizides by Kazan noblemen and even by the citizens themselves. Genghis Khan (Mongolian: Чингис Хаан, Jenghis Khan, Jinghis Khan, Chinghiz Khan, Jinghiz Khan, Chinggis Khan, Changaiz Khan, original name Temüjin, Temuchin, Mongolian: Тэмүүжин) (c. ...

Map of Kazan Khanate, 1540s.

The politics of the Kazan Khanate was strongly influenced by Muscovy, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Crimean Khanate. Kazan was the capital from 1437 to 1552. In 1487 the Russians briefly occupied the town of Kazan, only to withdraw shortly thereafter. During the war against the Russian occupation (1552-1556) Mishatamaq and Chalem became capitals of the Kazan Khanate. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (795x916, 129 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Khanate of Kazan ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (795x916, 129 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Khanate of Kazan ... Jump to: navigation, search Events and Trends 1541 Hernando de Soto is the first European to see the Mississippi River. ... Muscovy (Moscow principality (княжество Московское) to Grand Duchy of Moscow (Великое Княжество Московское) to Russian Tsardom (Царство Русское) is a traditional Western name for the Russian state that existed from the 14th century to the late 17th century. ... The presumable banner of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the coat of arms, called Пагоня in Belarusian, Vytis in Lithuanian and PogoÅ„ in Polish Another version of the Lithuanian banner The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Didžioji KunigaikÅ¡tystÄ—, Belarusian: Вялі́кае Кня́ства Літо́ўскае (ВКЛ), Ukrainian: Велике Князівство Литовське (ВКЛ), Polish: Wielkie KsiÄ™stwo Litewskie) was an... The Crimean Khanate (Khanate of Crimea), 1441–1783, the independent state of the Crimean Tatar people. ... Kazan (Tatar Qazan, Казан, Russian Казань) is the capital city of Tatarstan and one of Russias largest cities. ... Events foundation of All Souls College, University of Oxford. ... Events April - War between Henry II of France and Emperor Charles V. Henry invades Lorraine and captures Toul, Metz, and Verdun. ... Events Richard Fox becomes Bishop of Exeter. ... Mişätamaq /mee-shah-tah-MAHQ/, was a castle of Tatar rebels during the war against Russian occupation of the Khanate of Kazan in 1552-1556. ... Çalım /cha-LEM/ was a citadel and a staff of Tatar troops, which was constructed during the war against the Russian occupation of Khanate of Kazan in 1552-1556. ...

In 1552 the khanate was conquered by Tzar Ivan IV of Russia. In retaliation, Devlet Giray Khan of the Khanate of Crimea attacked Moscow. Events April - War between Henry II of France and Emperor Charles V. Henry invades Lorraine and captures Toul, Metz, and Verdun. ... Tsar, (Bulgarian цар�, Russian царь; often spelled Czar or Tzar in English), was the title used for the autocratic rulers of the First and Second Bulgarian Empires since 913, in Serbia in the middle of the 14th century, and in Russia from 1547 to 1917. ... Tsar Ioann IV the Terrible. ... The Crimean Khanate (Khanate of Crimea) was an independent Turkic state (khanate) founded in 1441 by Haci Giray Khan, a descendant of Genghis Khan. ... Moscow (Russian: Москва́, Moskva, IPA:   listen?) is the capital of Russia, located on the river Moskva. ...

Khanate's geography and population

The territory of the Kazan Khanate included the lands of Muslim Bolgar-populated Bolğar, Cükätäw, Kazan, Qaşan duchies and other lands, that originally was belong to Volga Bulgaria. The majority of population were Kazan Tatars (i.e. Muslim Bolgars that adopted the Tatar language). Their self-idenitity was not restricted to Tatar; many identified as simply Muslims or the people of Kazan. According to Ginghizide tradition, the local Turkic tribes were also called Tatars by steppe nobility and, later, the Russian elite. The local feudal nobility were ethnic Bolgars, but the Kazan khans' seat and body-guard were composed of steppe Tatars (Kipchaks, and later of Nogais) that lived in Kazan. The higher nobility were also drawn from the Golden Horde. It included members of 4 families: Arghyn, Baryn, Qypchaq, and Shirin. Islam was the state religion. Subject territories included the Chuvash, Mari, Mordva, Tatar-Mishar, Udmurt, and Bashkir lands, and the steppe areas of Volga Bulgaria. Perm and some of the Komi tribes were also incorporated into the Khanate. The lands settled by the Mishars, who arrived during the period of the Golden Horde period, was also settled by Finnic Mordvins and Burtas, who were later assimilated into the resident Mishar population. Their territory was governed by former steppe Tatars. Some of the Mishar duchies never belonged to Kazan and instead joined the Qasim Khanate or Russia. Russian sources state that about 5 languages were used in the Kazan khanate. The first was the Tatar language (consisting of the Middle dialect of the Kazan Tatars, formerly Muslim Bolgars) and the Western dialect of the Mishars (formerly steppe Tatars that spoke Kipchak). The Chuvash language was a descendant of the Bolgar language, which was still spoken around pagan Chuvash. The Bolgar language also strongly influenced the Middle dialect of Tatar language. Another three was probably Mari languages, Mordvin languages and Bashkir language, which also originated from the Bolgar and Kipchak languages. The state language was Tatar, and its written form Old Tatar language was predominant. The Volga, Kama and Vyatka were the main rivers of the khanate, as well as the major trade ways. Most of the khanate territory was covered by forests, and only the southern part consisted of steppe. The Western Urals also were under the control of Kazan. Bulgars (also Bolgars or proto-Bulgarians) a people of Central Asia, probably originally Pamirian, whose branches became Slavicized and perhaps Turkic over time. ... Qashan Duchy was a Bolghar Duchy in today Tatarstan. ... Volga Bulgaria or Volga-Kama Bolghar, is a historic state that existed between the 7th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers in what is now the Russian Federation. ... Tatars or Tartars is a collective name applied to the Turkic-speaking people of Europe and Asia. ... The Tatar language (Tatar tele, Tatarça, Татар теле, Татарча) is a Turkic language belonging to the Altaic branch of the Ural-Altaic family of languages. ... Jump to: navigation, search It has been suggested that Genghis Khan/temp be merged into this article or section. ... Kipchaks (also Kypchaks, Qipchaqs) are an ancient Turkic people, first mentioned in the historical chronicles of Central Asia in the 1st millennium BC. Their language was also known as Kipchak. ... Nogais are the Turkic people in Daghestan who speak the Nogai language. ... Kazan (Tatar Qazan, Казан, Russian Казань) is the capital city of Tatarstan and one of Russias largest cities. ... This article refers to the Mongol state in what is now Russia. ... Jump to: navigation, search Islam â–¶(?) (Arabic: الإسلام al-islām) the submission to God is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions and the worlds second-largest religion. ... The Chuvash are a bunch of pakis . ... The Mari (also known as Cheremis in Russian and Çirmeş in Tatar) are a Volga-Finnic people in the Volga area, the natives of Mari El, Russia. ... The Mordvins (Mordva) are a people who speak languages of the Finno-Permic branch of the Finno-Ugric language family. ... Udmurts are Finno-Ugric people that speak the Udmurt language. ... The Bashkirs, a Turkic people, live in Russia, mostly in the republic of Bashkortostan. ... Volga Bulgaria or Volga-Kama Bolghar, is a historic state that existed between the 7th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers in what is now the Russian Federation. ... Perm (Пермь, pop. ... The name may refer to Komi Republic Komi peoples Komi-Zyrians Komi-Permyaks Komi language Komi-Zyrian language Komi-Permyak language Komi is also a rule in a board game Go. ... This article refers to the Mongol state in what is now Russia. ... Burtas or Bortas (plural Bortaslar) were a tribe of uncertain ethnolinguistic affiliation inhabiting the steppe region north of the Caspian in medieval times. ... Qasim Khanate was a Tatar territorial formation, vassal of Muscovy, which exsited from 1452 till 1681 on the territory of modern Ryazan Oblast in Russia with capital Kasimov. ... The Tatar language (Tatar tele, Tatarça, Татар теле, Татарча) is a Turkic language belonging to the Altaic branch of the Ural-Altaic family of languages. ... Chuvash language [CHOO-vahsh] (Чăваш чěлхи, also known as Chuwash, Chovash, Chavash or ÇuaÅŸ) is a Turkic language spoken west of the Urals in central Russia. ... Болгар - рус - инглиз сyзлеге Булгаро - русcко - английский словарь The Bоlgarian - Russian - English dictionary ( икенче виртуаль басма ) http://dgienbolgar. ... The Chuvash are a bunch of pakis . ... Болгар - рус - инглиз сyзлеге Булгаро - русcко - английский словарь The Bоlgarian - Russian - English dictionary ( икенче виртуаль басма ) http://dgienbolgar. ... The Tatar language (Tatar tele, Tatarça, Татар теле, Татарча) is a Turkic language belonging to the Altaic branch of the Ural-Altaic family of languages. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Mari language (Mari: марий йылме, Russian марийский язык), spoken by more the 600,000 people, belongs to the Finno-Ugric language group and is part of the Volgaic subgroup of the Finnic languages together with Mordvin. ... The Mordvin language is a term, mistakenly used for Erzya language and Moksha language (both are related, but different languages). ... The Bashkir language is a Turkic language, a member of the Kyphchak group of languages. ... The Kipchak language was an extinct Turkic language of Kipchak-Bolghar group. ... Old Tatar language (İske Tatar tele) is a literary language used in the Khanate of Kazan and among Muslim Tatars. ... For other meanings of the word Volga see Volga (disambiguation) Волга Length 3,690 km Elevation of the source 225 m Average discharge  ? m³/s Area watershed 1. ... Kirov (Ки́ров) is a city in eastern European Russia, on the Vyatka River, capital of Kirov Oblast. ... The Ural Mountains, (Russian: Ура́льские го́ры = Ура́л) also known simply as the Urals, are a mountain range that run roughly north and south through western Russia. ...

Economics

The Khanate's urban population produced clay ware, wood and metal handiworks, leather, armor, ploughs and jewels. The major cities were Qazan, Arça, Cükätaw, Qaşan, Çallı, Alat and Cöri. The urban populattion also traded with the people of Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Russia. In the 16th century, Russia became the main trading partner of Kazan, and the khanate shared the economic system utilized by the Russians. The major markets were Taşayaq Bazaar in Kazan and Markiz Isle fair on the Volga River. Agricultural landownership was by the söyurğal and hereditary estates. Kazan (Tatar Qazan, Казан, Russian Казань) is the capital city of Tatarstan and one of Russias largest cities. ... Arsk (also spilled Archa; Tatar: Arça //; Russian: Арск /arsk/) is a town in northern-eastern Tatarstan, Russia. ... Cükätaw or Juketaw (called Zhukotin in Russian chronicles) was a medieval Bolgar city during the 10th to 15th centuries CE. The city was situated on the right bank of Kama, near the modern city of Çístay (Chistopol). ... Qashan (Tatar: QaÅŸan) was a medieval city in Volga Bulgaria, at the right bank of Kama river in 12th-15th centuries. ... Jump to: navigation, search This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Caucasus , a region bordering Asia Minor, is located between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea which includes the Caucasus Mountains and surrounding lowlands. ...

Society

The state was governed by the khan. His action was based on the cabinet council Diwan's decisions and advisements. Khan (sometimes spelled as xan, han) is a title meaning ruler in Mongolian and Turkish. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

The nobility included bäk (beg), ämir (emir), and the morza (murza). Military estates consisted of the uğlan (ulan), bahadir, içki (ichki). Muslim clergy also played a major role. They were divided into säyet (seid), şäyex (sheikh), qazí (qazi), and imams. The ulema or clergy played a judicial role, and maintained the madrassas and maktabs (schools). The majority of the population were qara xalıq (black people): a free Muslim population, who lived on state land (the designation "black" in Turkic culture was often used to refer to commoners, and not intended as a racial designation; on this point see also Khazars). The feudal lands were mostly settled by çura (serfs). Prisoners of war were often sold in Turkey or Central Asia. Occasionally they were sold within the Khanate as slaves (qol) and sometimes were settled on feudal lands to became çura later. The non-Muslim population of the Khanate were required to pay the yasaq. BEG is 1) a verb, meaning to mendicate 2) an alternative form of the Turkic title bey (chieftain, governor etc) ... Entrance to the emirs palace in Bukhara. ... Ulan is the sister of Astro Boy. ... Seid (Old Norse: seiðr, sometimes anglicized as seidhr, seidh, seidr, seithr or seith) was a form of shamanism practised by pre-Christian Norse and arguably other Germanic cultures and continued in modern times by people who practice the reconstructionist beliefs of Ásatrú or heathenry. ... Shaikh (شيخ, also rendered as Sheik, Shaykh or Sheikh) is a word in the Arabic language meaning an elder or a revered old man. ... The introduction of this article does not provide enough context for readers unfamiliar with the subject. ... Imam is an Arabic word meaning Leader. The ruler of a country might be called the Imam, for example. ... Ulema (Arabic: علماء) is the community of legal scholars of Islam and the Sharia. ... A Madrasah complex in Gambia The word madrasah in Arabic as well as in other Islamic languages such as, Urdu, Persian, Turkish, kurdish, Indonesian etc. ... Jump to: navigation, search The site of the Khazar fortress at Sarkel. ... Jump to: navigation, search This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... YASAQ. The law code of the Mongol people. ...

Culture

In general, the culture of the Kazan Khanate descended from that of Volga Bulgaria. Cultural elements of the Golden Horde were also present in noble circles. Volga Bulgaria or Volga-Kama Bolghar, is a historic state that existed between the 7th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers in what is now the Russian Federation. ... This article refers to the Mongol state in what is now Russia. ...

A large part of the population were literate. Large libraries were present in mosques and madrassahs. Kazan became a center of science and theology. Worldly literature also developed: the most prominent Old Tatar language poets were Möxämmädyar, Ömmi Kamal, Möxämmädämin, Ğärifbäk, and Qolşärif. Möxämmädyar renovated the traditions of Kazan poetry, and his verses were very popular. Jump to: navigation, search Mosque; Aswan, Egypt. ... Madrassa in the Gambia The word madrassa in the Arabic language (and other languages of the Islamic nations such as Persian, Turkish, Indonesian etc. ... Kazan (Tatar Qazan, Казан, Russian Казань) is the capital city of Tatarstan and one of Russias largest cities. ... Old Tatar language (İske Tatar tele) is a literary language used in the Khanate of Kazan and among Muslim Tatars. ... Moxammat Amin (Muhammad Amin or Emin, Tatar: Möxämmät Ämin or Möxämmädämin) (ca. ... Qolşärif or Qol-Sharif (? - 1552) was a statesman and religious leader (seid) of Khanate of Kazan, Old Tatar language-poet. ...

The city of Bolghar still was preserved as a scared place, but only served this function due to the emergence of Kazan as a major economic and political center in the 1430s. Bolghar (or BolÄŸar) is a ruined capital (8th-15th century) of Volga Bulgaria in Tatarstan, Spas Rayon (Spassky District). ... Jump to: navigation, search Events and Trends A map of Europe in the 1430s. ...

The architecture of khanate is represented by white-stone architecture, and wood carvings.

Administrative division

Khnate was divided into 5 daruğa: Alat, Arça, Gäreç, Cöri and Nuğay. The term daruğa translates into direction. They replaced some duchies that the khanate originated from. Some feudal lords gained independence from Kazan, but those attempts were later surpressed.

Military forces

The military of the khanate consisted of armament and men from the darughas and subject lands, khan guards, and the troops of the nobility. The number of soldiers was never constant, ranging from 20'000 to 60'000 in number. Often, troops from Nogay, the Crimean and Russia also served for the Kazan khans. The term Nogai can refer to more than one thing: Nogai Khan was a Khan of the Golden Horde. ... The Crimean Khanate (Khanate of Crimea), 1441–1783, the independent state of the Crimean Tatar people. ...

Fire-arms (arquebuse) were used for defending the walls of Kazan.

History

During the reign of Olug Moxammat and his son Maxmud, Kazan forces occupied Muscovy and its subject lands several times. The Grand Duke of Moscow Vassily II was defeated in a battle near the Suzdal, and was forced to pay tribute to the Kazan khan. In July 1487, Grand Duke Ivan III of Moscow occupied Kazan and seated a puppet leader, Möxämmädämin, to the Kazan throne. The Kazan Khanate subsequently became a Moscow protectorate. As Russian influence grew stronger, Russian nobles and merchants received more advantageous conditions than the local population. The supporters of a union with the Ottoman Empire and the Crimean Khanate tried to use those greivances to provoke revolts ( in 1496, 1500, and 1505), but with negligible results. In 1521, Kazan emerged from the dominance of Moscow, concluding a mutual aid treaty with the Astrakhan Khanate, Crimean Khanate and the Nogay Horde. Kazan and Crimean forces then attacked Muscow jointly. The reinforcement of Crimea displeased the pro-Moscow elements of the Kazan Khanate, and some of these noblemen provoked a revolt in 1545. The result was the deposition of Safa Giray. A Moscow supporter, Şahğäli, occupied the throne. Following that year, Moscow organized several campaigns to impose control over Kazan, but the attempts were unsuccessful. With the help of the Nogays, Safa Giray returned to the throne. He executed 75 noblemen, and the rest of his opposition escaped to Moscow. In 1549 he died, and his 3-years-old son Ütämeşgäräy was recognized as khan. His regent and the de-facto ruler of the khanate was his mother Söyembikä. The administration of ulan Qoşçaq gained a degree of independence under her rule. At that time sons of Safa Giray Mübarek, Bülek, and Safa Giray Mubarek's grandson Devlet Giray were in Crimea. Even when a invitation to the Kazan throne was sent to them, the elements of the nobility that were interested in fostering instability protested. Qoşçaq's government continued to exasperate relations with Muscovy. Group of disgruntled noblemen in the beginning of 1551 invited a supporter of Tsar Ivan the Terrible, Şahğäli, for the second time. At the same time the lands to the east of the Volga River (Chuvashia) was given to Muscovy. Ütämeşgäräy, along with his mother, was sent to a Moscow prison. Şahğäli occupied the Kazan throne until February 1552. Anti-Moscow elements in the Kazan government exiled Şahğäli and invited the Astrakhan prince Yadegar Moxammad, along with the Nogays, to aid them. Kazan was then put under siege. In a Russian castle (Sviyazhsk), where the forces of Ivan IV were concentrated. Later Kazan was completely besieged. In August 1552 Russians defeated the Tatar inner troops, burnt Archa and some castles. After 2 month of siege, and after the destuction of the citadel walls on October, 3, the Russians entered the city. Some defenders escaped from the besiege, but the most were unable to. Yadegar Moxammad was imprisoned and the majority of the population of Kazan (nearby 50'000-60'000) were massacred. After fall of Kazan, territories such as Udmurtia and Bashkortostan joined Russia without conflict. The khanate's administration was liquidated, pro-Moscow and neutral nobles kept their lands, but some were executed. Tatars were then resettled from rivers, roads and away from Kazan. Free lands was settled by Russians and sometimes by pro-muscovite Tatars. Orthodox bishops forcibly baptized many Tatars, executing resisters. Until 1558, however, a partisan war was waged by the population. Rebel governments were formed in Chalem and Mishatamaq. But the Nogays under Ğäli Äkräm often spoiled the agricultural population, and the coalition went to ruin. After a brutal repression against Kazan partisans ended, their commanders were executed. By some estimates nearby 500'000 residents of the khanate died during the occupation wars. The Colonial administration, known as the Kazan Palace's Office undertook the Russification of the Tatars and other peoples. The term Khanate of Kazan was in use until 1708 when the Kazan governorate was formed. Olug Moxammat (Ulugh Muhammed, Makhmet, Ulu-Makhmet, Tatar: Oluğ Möxämmät) (d. ... Jump to: navigation, search Mäxmüd khan // (in Russian chronicles Махмутек (Makhmutek)) (?-1467) was a ruler (khan) of Kazan Khanate in (1445-1467), an elder son of OluÄŸ Möxämmäd. ... Muscovy (Moscow principality (княжество Московское) to Grand Duchy of Moscow (Великое Княжество Московское) to Russian Tsardom (Царство Русское) is a traditional Western name for the Russian state that existed from the 14th century to the late 17th century. ... St. ... Events Richard Fox becomes Bishop of Exeter. ... Moxammat Amin (Muhammad Amin or Emin, Tatar: Möxämmät Ämin or Möxämmädämin) (ca. ... Jump to: navigation, search Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (the Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Bursa (1335 - 1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Ä°stanbul (Constantinople) (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanli... The Crimean Khanate (Khanate of Crimea), 1441–1783, the independent state of the Crimean Tatar people. ... Events January 3 - Leonardo da Vinci unsuccessfully tests a flying machine. ... // Events Europes population was ~60 million. ... Events March 5 - Papal dispensation issued for the marriage of Henry VIII of England and Catherine of Aragon June 27 - Henry VIII of England repudiates his engagement to Catherine of Aragon, at his fathers command King Alexander_of_Poland signed Nihil_novi act - Poland became Nobles Democracy Poland prohibits peasants from leaving... Events January 3 - Pope Leo X excommunicates Martin Luther in the papal bull Decet Romanum Pontificem. ... The Astrakhan Khanate was a predominantly Turkic state which existed in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries in the area adjacent to the mouth of the Volga, where the contemporary city of Astrakhan is now located. ... The Crimean Khanate (Khanate of Crimea), 1441–1783, the independent state of the Crimean Tatar people. ... The Nogai Horde was the horde that controlled the Caucasus Mountain region after the Mongol invasion. ... The Crimea (officially Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Russian transliteration: Avtonomnaya Respublika Krym, Russian: Автономная Республика Крым, Ukrainian: Автономна Республіка Крим, , pronounced cry-MEE-ah in English) is a peninsula and an autonomous republic of Ukraine on the northern coast of the Black Sea. ... Events February 27 - Battle of Ancrum Moor - Scots victory over superior English forces December 13 - Official opening of the Council of Trent (closed 1563) Battle of Kawagoe - between two branches of Uesugi families and the late Hojo clan in Japan. ... Safa Giray (Tatar: Safagäräy) (1510 – 1549) was khan of Kazan Khanate in 1524-1531, 1535-1546, and 1546-1549. ... Shahgali (Shah Ghaly, Shah Ali, Tatar: Şahğäli or Şäyex Ğäli, [shah-gha-LEE]) (1505-1567) was khan of Qasim in 1516-1519, 1535-1546, 1546-1551, 1552-1567 and Kazan in 1519-1521, 1546, 1551-1552. ... Flag of the Nogai people The Nogai, also spelled Nogay, Noghai, and often called the Caucasian Mongols (Caucasian referring to their geographical position in the Caucasus mountains, not to their ethnicity), are a Turkic people and an important ethnic group in the Daghestan region who speak the Turkic Nogai language. ... Events July - Ketts Rebellion Francis Xavier arrives in Japan. ... Jump to: navigation, search ÃœtämeÅŸgäräy (//, also spelled ÃœtämeÅŸ, ÖtemiÅŸ Giray, Utyamysh) (1546-1566) was a khan of Kazan Khanate in 1549-1551. ... Söyembikä (Söyenbikä) (pronounced [ser-yerm-bee-KEH] ) (1516 – after 1554) was a Tatar ruler. ... Jump to: navigation, search Qoşçaq beg (?-1551), was a statesman (uÄŸlan) in Khanate of Kazan. ... The Crimea (officially Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Russian transliteration: Avtonomnaya Respublika Krym, Russian: Автономная Республика Крым, Ukrainian: Автономна Республіка Крим, , pronounced cry-MEE-ah in English) is a peninsula and an autonomous republic of Ukraine on the northern coast of the Black Sea. ... Events Russia, Reforming Synod of the metropolite Macaire, Orthodoxy: introduction of a calendar of the saints and an ecclesiastical law code ( Stoglav ) Major outbreak of the sweating sickness in England. ... Ivan IV (August 25, 1530–March 18, 1584) was the first ruler of Russia to assume the title of tsar. ... Shahgali (Shah Ghaly, Shah Ali, Tatar: Şahğäli or Şäyex Ğäli, [shah-gha-LEE]) (1505-1567) was khan of Qasim in 1516-1519, 1535-1546, 1546-1551, 1552-1567 and Kazan in 1519-1521, 1546, 1551-1552. ... For other meanings of the word Volga see Volga (disambiguation) Волга Length 3,690 km Elevation of the source 225 m Average discharge  ? m³/s Area watershed 1. ... Jump to: navigation, search Capital Cheboksary Area - total - % water 81st - 18,300 km² - N/A Population - Total - Density 41st - est. ... The Astrakhan Khanate was a predominantly Turkic state which existed in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries in the area adjacent to the mouth of the Volga, where the contemporary city of Astrakhan is now located. ... Yadegar Moxammad (Tatar: Yädegär Möxämmäd, Yädkär, Yädegär, ya-de-GA-rr mer-kham-MAT) (? – 1565) was the last khan of Kazan Khanate (1552). ... Flag of the Nogai people The Nogai, also spelled Nogay, Noghai, and often called the Caucasian Mongols (Caucasian referring to their geographical position in the Caucasus mountains, not to their ethnicity), are a Turkic people and an important ethnic group in the Daghestan region who speak the Turkic Nogai language. ... Jump to: navigation, search Sviyazhsk (Tatar: Zöyä; Свияжск in Russian) was a small town (now village) in Tatarstan (Russia), located at the confluence of the Volga and Sviyaga Rivers. ... Arsk (Tatar: Arça //; Russian: Арск /arsk/) is a town in northern-eastern Tatarstan, Russia. ... Kazan Kremlin (Tatar: kirman) is the chief historic citadel of Tatarstan, which was built on behest of Ivan the Terrible on the ruins of the former castle of Kazan khans. ... Yadegar Moxammad (Tatar: Yädegär Möxämmäd, Yädkär, Yädegär, ya-de-GA-rr mer-kham-MAT) (? – 1565) was the last khan of Kazan Khanate (1552). ... The Udmurt Republic (Russian: ; Udmurt: Удмурт Элькун) or Udmurtia (Удму́ртия) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... The Republic of Bashkortostan or Bashkiria (Russian: Респу́блика Башкортоста́н or Башки́рия; Bashkir: ) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... Çalım /cha-LEM/ was a citadel and a staff of Tatar troops, which was constructed during the war against the Russian occupation of Khanate of Kazan in 1552-1556. ... Mişätamaq /mee-shah-tah-MAHQ/, was a castle of Tatar rebels during the war against Russian occupation of the Khanate of Kazan in 1552-1556. ... Flag of the Nogai people The Nogai, also spelled Nogay, Noghai, and often called the Caucasian Mongols (Caucasian referring to their geographical position in the Caucasus mountains, not to their ethnicity), are a Turkic people and an important ethnic group in the Daghestan region who speak the Turkic Nogai language. ... Jump to: navigation, search // Events March 23 - James Francis Edward Stuart lands at the Firth of Forth July 1 - Tewoflos becomes Emperor of Ethiopia September 28 - Peter the Great defeats the Swedes at the Battle of Lesnaya Kandahar conquered by Mir Wais In Masuria one third of the population die... Zilant, Kazan guberniyas coat of arms Kazan governorate (also Kazanskaya guberniya, Qazan gubernası) used to be one of guberniyas of Imperial Russia in 1708-1920, with the city of Kazan as its capital. ...

With the aid of some scholars, the Khanate of Kazan was restored in 1612 with the help of the ethnic Russian population, but it was later dismantled. Russian forces under the leadership of Kuzma Minin suppressed the rebellion. Events January 20 - Mathias becomes Holy Roman Emperor. ... Monument to Kuzma Minin in Nizhny Novgorod Kuzma Minich Minin (Russian: Минин Кузьма Минич) (?-1616) was a Russian patriot who together with Prince Dmitry Pozharsky rallied an army to defend Russia against Polish invasion. ...

See also

• Kazan
• Volga Bulgaria
• Tatarstan
• List of Kazan khans
• List of Turkic states and empires
• Ar begs
• Qasim Khanate
• Mukhsha Ulus