Khanty or Xanty language, also known as the Ostyak language, is a language of the Khant peoples. It is spoken in Khanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs, as well as in Aleksandrovsky and Kargosoksky Districts of Tomsk Oblast in Russia. According to the 1994 Salminen and 1994 Janhunen study, there were 12,000 Khanty-speaking people in Russia. The Khanty and Mansi languages are the Ob Ugric (Ob Ugrian) members of the Finno-Ugric languages. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug—Yugra (Russian: ), or Khantia-Mansia, is a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous okrug of Tyumen Oblast). ... Current distribution of Human Language Families Most languages are known to belong to language families. ... Geographical distribution of Samoyedic, Finnic, Ugric and Yukaghir languages  Yukaghir  Samoyedic  Ugric  Finnic The Uralic languages (pronounced: ) form a language family of about 30 languages spoken by approximately 20 million people. ... Approximate geographical distribution of areas where indigenous Finno-Ugric languages are spoken. ... Ugric languages or Ugrian languages are generally held to be a branch of Finno-Ugric languages. ... The Ob-Ugric languages are a subset of the Finno-Ugric languages, specifically referring to the Khanty (Ostyak) and Mansi (Vogul) languages. ... ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family. ... ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages. ... ISO 639-3 is in process of development as an international standard for language codes. ... For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words see here. ... Phonetics (from the Greek word φωνή, phone meaning sound, voice) is the study of sounds and the human voice. ... Unicode is an industry standard designed to allow text and symbols from all of the writing systems of the world to be consistently represented and manipulated by computers. ... This chart shows concisely the most common way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is applied to represent the English language. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Khants (obsolete: Yugra, Ostyaks) are an endangered ethnic group calling themself Khanti, Khande, Kantek (Khanty), living in the autonomous region Khantia-Mansia in Russian Federation, together with Mansi peoples. ... Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug—Yugra (Russian: ), or Khantia-Mansia, is a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous okrug of Tyumen Oblast). ... Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Russian: ), or Yamalia, is a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous okrug of Tyumen Oblast). ... Tomsk Oblast (Russian: ) (2002 pop. ... Mansi language, also known as Vogul language (Мансийский язык, Вогульский язык in Russian), is a language of the Mansi people. ... Approximate geographical distribution of areas where indigenous Finno-Ugric languages are spoken. ...

The Khanty language is known to have a large number of dialects. The western group of dialects includes the Obdorian, Ob, and Irtysh dialects. The eastern group of dialects includes the Surgut and Vakh-Vasyugan dialects, which, in turn, are subdivided into thirteen other dialects. All these dialects significantly differ from each other by their phonetical, morphological, and lexical features - to the extent that the three main "dialects" (the northern group as the third) are mutually unintelligible. A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος, dialektos) is a variety of a language used by people from a particular geographic area. ... Salekhard Coat of Arms Salekhard (Russian: ) is a town in and the administrative center of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia. ... Ob (also Obi, Russian Обь) is a river in West Siberia, Russia, the countrys fourth longest. ... Irtysh (Иртыш ; Kazakh: Ertis / Эртiс ; Tatar: Ä°rteÅŸ / Иртеш ; Chinese: Erqisi / 额尔齐斯河) a river in Central Asia, the chief tributary of the river Ob. ... Railway station in Surgut. ... The Vakh River (Вах in Russian) is a river in Khantia-Mansia (Tyumen Oblast) in Russia. ... Vasyugan (Васюга́н), river in Russia, left tributary of the Ob River. ... Phonetics (from the Greek word φωνή, phone meaning sound, voice) is the study of sounds and the human voice. ... For other uses, see Morphology. ... A vocabulary is a set of words known to a person or other entity, or that are part of a specific language. ...

Alphabet

History of the literary language

The Khanty written language was first created after the October Revolution on the basis of the Latin script in 1930, and then with the Cyrillic alphabet (with the additional letter <ң> for /ŋ/) from 1937. Khanty literary works are usually written with the use of three dialects, such as the Kazym, Shuryshkar, and middle-Ob dialects. Newspaper reporting and TV and radio broadcasting are usually done in the Kazymian dialect. A written language is a language that uses a writing system to convey meaning, or more generally the written form of any language that has such written components. ... The Russian Revolution of 1917 was a series of political and social upheavals in Russia, involving first the overthrow of the tsarist autocracy, and then the overthrow of the liberal and moderate-socialist Provisional Government, resulting in the establishment of Soviet power under the control of the Bolshevik party. ... The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world, the standard script of the English language and most of the languages of western and central Europe, and of those areas settled by Europeans. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link is to a full 1930 calendar). ... The Cyrillic alphabet (or azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters) is an alphabet used for several East and South Slavic languages; (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Rusyn, Serbian, and Ukrainian) and many other languages of the former Soviet Union, Asia and Eastern Europe. ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Literature is literally an acquaintance with letters as in the first sense given in the Oxford English Dictionary (from the Latin littera meaning an individual written character (letter)). The term has, however, generally come to identify a collection of texts. ...

Dialects

The Vakh dialect

The Vakh dialect is divergent. It has rigid vowel harmony and a tripartite (ergative-accusative) case system: The agent ("subject") of a transitive verb takes the instrumental case suffix -nə-, while the object takes the accusative case suffix. The "subject" of an intransitive verb, however, is not marked for case and might be said to be absolutive. The transitive verb agrees with the agent, as in nominative-accusative systems. Vowel harmony (also metaphony) is a type of long-distance assimilatory phonological process involving vowels. ... A tripartite language is one that marks the agent, experiencer, and patient verb arguments each in different ways. ... An ergative-absolutive language (or simply ergative) is one that treats the agent of transitive verbs distinctly from the subject of intransitive verbs and the object of transitive verbs. ... The accusative case (abbreviated ACC) of a noun is the grammatical case used to mark the direct object of a transitive verb. ... A transitive verb is a verb that requires both a subject and one or more objects. ... An intransitive verb is a verb that has only one argument, that is, a verb with valency equal to one. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

The Ob’ dialect

The Ob’ phonemic inventory is p t tʲ k, s ʃ ɕ x, m n ɲ ŋ, l ɾ j w, short vowels i a o u, long vowels eː aː oː uː, and a reduced vowel ə which is never word-initial. Unlike Vakh, it does not have vowel harmony.

Grammar

The noun

The nominal suffixes include dual -ŋən, plural -(ə)t, dative -a, locative/instrumental -nə. Dual forms exist in some languages in addition to singular and plural forms of nouns and pronouns; the latin term is dualis. ... Look up Plural in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Plural is a grammatical number, typically referring to more than one of the referent in the real world. ... The dative case is a grammatical case generally used to indicate the noun to whom something is given. ... Locative is a case which indicates a location. ... In linguistics, the instrumental case (also called the eighth case) indicates that a noun is the instrument or means by which the subject achieves or accomplishes an action. ...

For example:

xot "house" (cf. Hungarian ház, Finnish koto "home" (elevated style))

xotŋəna "to the two houses"

xotətnə "at the houses" (cf. Finnish kotona "at home", an exceptional form using the old, locative meaning of the essive case ending -na).

Singular, dual, and plural possessive suffixes may be added to singular, dual, and plural nouns, in three persons, for 3³ = 27 forms. A few, from məs "cow", are:

məsem "my cow"

məsemən "my 2 cows"

məsew "my cows"

məstatən "the 2 of our cows"

məsŋətuw "our 2 cows"

Pronouns

The personal pronouns are, in the nominative case:

The case of ma are accusative manət and dative manəm.

The demonstrative pronouns and adjectives are:

tamə "this", tomə "that", sit "that yonder": tam xot "this house".

Basic interrogative pronouns are:

xoy "who?", muy "what?"

Numerals

Khanty numerals, compared with Hungarian, are:

Except for "ten" and the compound forms, these are quite similar in the two languages. Note also the regularity of [xot]-[haːz] "house" and [sot]-[saːz] "hundred".

Syntax

Both Khanty and Mansi are basically nominative-accusative languages, but have innovative morphological ergativity. In an ergative construction, the object is given the same case as the subject of an intransitive verb, and the locative is used for the agent of the transitive verb (as an instrumental) . This may be used with some specific verbs, for example "to give": the literal anglicisation would be "by me (subject) a fish (object) gave to you (indirect object)" for the equivalent of the sentence "I gave a fish to you". However, the ergative is morphological (marked using a case) only, not syntactic, so that, in addition, these may be passivized in a way resembling English. For example, in Mansi, "a dog (agent) bit you (object)" could be reformatted as "you(object) were bitten, by a dog(instrument)". Mansi language, also known as Vogul language (Мансийский язык, Вогульский язык in Russian), is a language of the Mansi people. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Locative is a case which indicates a location. ... In linguistics, the instrumental case (also called the eighth case) indicates that a noun is the instrument or means by which the subject achieves or accomplishes an action. ... Mansi language, also known as Vogul language (Мансийский язык, Вогульский язык in Russian), is a language of the Mansi people. ...