Al-Khartoum, Sudan الخرطوم
Khartoum at the Bend of the Nile
Seal
Nickname: The Triangular City
Khartoum's location in Sudan
Coordinates: 15°34′N 33°36′E / 15.567, 33.6
Government
- Governor	Abdul Halim al Mutafi
Population (2005)
- Urban	2.207.794
- Metro	8.000.000 Agglomeration

For other uses, see Khartoum (disambiguation).

Khartoum (الخرطوم al-Kharṭūm "Elephant Trunk"—see etymology) is the capital of Sudan and of Khartoum State. It is located at the point where the White Nile, flowing north from Uganda, meets the Blue Nile, flowing west from Ethiopia. The merger of the two Niles is known as "the Mogran". The merged Nile flows north towards Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea. Image File history File links Khatoum_emblem. ... EXAMPLE:Laughbox,Blondie,BamBam,Pinkie,etc. ... Image File history File links Sudan_map_narrow. ... Cities with at least a million inhabitants in 2006 An urban area is an area with an increased density of human-created structures in comparison to the areas surrounding it. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... In the study of human settlements, an agglomeration is an extended city or town area comprising the built-up area of a central place (usually a municipality) and any suburbs or adjacent satellite towns. ... Khartoum is the capital of Sudan. ... Genera and Species Loxodonta Loxodonta cyclotis Loxodonta africana Elephas Elephas maximus Elephas antiquus † Elephas beyeri † Elephas celebensis † Elephas cypriotes † Elephas ekorensis † Elephas falconeri † Elephas iolensis † Elephas planifrons † Elephas platycephalus † Elephas recki † Stegodon † Mammuthus † Elephantidae (the elephants) is a family of pachyderm, and the only remaining family in the order Proboscidea... Nickname: Khartoums location in Sudan Coordinates: , Government  - Governor Abdul Halim al Mutafi Population (2005)  - Urban 2. ... Not to be confused with capitol. ... Khartoum Khartoum (also Al Khartum) is one of the 26 wilayat or states of Sudan. ... The White Nile is a river of Africa, one of the two main tributaries of the Nile, the other being the Blue Nile. ... For other uses, see Blue Nile (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Nile (disambiguation). ... Mediterranean redirects here. ...

The city proper has a population of well over a million inhabitants, making it the second-largest city in the country, but forms with its neighbours, linked by bridges, Khartoum North (al-Khartūm Bahrī) and Omdurman (Umm Durmān) a metropolis with a population totaling over eight million. Khartoum North is a city close to, but distinct from, Khartoum in central Sudan. ... Omdurman is in northern Sudan (upper center). ...

Etymology

From an article by C.E.J. Walkly^[1]: "The word 'Khartoum' means 'elephant’s trunk' in the dialect which was spoken locally, the name of the town is probably derived from the narrow strip of land extending between the blue and White Niles, which is like the trunk of an elephant. Captain J. A. Grant, who reached Khartoum in 1863 with Captain Speke’s expedition, thought that the derivation was most probably from the safflower (Carthamus Tinctorius L.) which is called 'Gartoon,' and which was cultivated extensively in Egypt for its oil, used in burning. This explanation is ingenious but has no support." Year 1863 (MDCCCLXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Binomial name Carthamus tinctorius (Mohler, Roth, Schmidt & Boudreaux, 1967) Safflower is a highly branched, herbaceous, thistle-like annual, usually with many long sharp spines on the leaves. ...

History

Early history

Ibrahim Pasha, the adopted son of Muhammad Ali, the ruler of Egypt, founded Khartoum in 1821 as an outpost for the Egyptian army, but the settlement grew as a regional center of trade, including the slave trade. Troops loyal to the Mahdi Muhammad Ahmad began a siege of Khartoum on March 13, 1884 against the defenders led by British General Charles George Gordon. The siege resulted in the massacre of the Anglo-Egyptian garrison. Ibrahim Pasha (Arabic: ابراهيم باشا) ‎ (1789 – 10 November 1848), a 19th century general of Egypt. ... This article is about the leader of Egypt. ... The history of slavery covers many different forms of human exploitation across many cultures and throughout human history. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Muhammad al-Mahdi. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... is the 72nd day of the year (73rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Chinese Gordon as Governor of Sudan Major-General Charles George Gordon, CB (28 January 1833 – 26 January 1885), known as Chinese Gordon, Gordon Pasha, and Gordon of Khartoum, was a British army officer and administrator. ...

The heavily damaged city fell to the Mahdists on January 26, 1885. Omdurman was the scene of the bloody battle on September 2, 1898, during which British forces under Sirdar Horatio Kitchener defeated the Mahdist forces defending the city. is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Combatants  United Kingdom  Egypt Mahdist Sudan Commanders Horatio Kitchener Abdullah al-Taashi Strength 8,200 British, 17,600 Sudanese and Egyptian soldiers 52,000 warriors Casualties 48 dead 434 wounded 9,700 killed 13,000 wounded 5,000 captured At the Battle of Omdurman (September 2, 1898) an army commanded... is the 245th day of the year (246th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... A Sirdar is a Sherpa mountain guide who manages all the other Sherpas in a climbing expedition or trekking group. ... The Earl Kitchener The Right Honourable Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, KG, KP, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, ADC, PC (24 June 1850–5 June 1916) was a British Field Marshal, diplomat and statesman. ...

In 1899, Khartoum became the capital of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan and, with the independence of Sudan in 1956, the capital of the new country. Anglo-Egyptian Sudan was the name of Sudan between 1899 and 1956, when it was a condominium of the United Kingdom and Egypt. ...

Recent history

Entrance of the University of Khartoum's Central Campus in Khartoum.

In 1973, the city was the site of a hostage crisis in which members of Black September held ten hostages at the Saudi embassy, five of whom were diplomats. The US ambassador, the US deputy ambassador, and the Belgian Chargé d'affaires were murdered. The remaining hostages were released (see 1973 Khartoum diplomatic assassinations). Image File history File links U-of-K_Entrance. ... Image File history File links U-of-K_Entrance. ... The University of Khartoum (U of K) is a public co-educational university located in and near Khartoum, Sudan. ... One of the Black September terrorists on the balcony of the Saudi embassy during the hostage-taking of diplomatic offcials in Khartum, Sudan The Khartoum diplomatic assassinations took place between 1 March 1973 and 3 March 1973 in the capital city of Sudan, Khartoum and were executed by the Palestinian... A Black September terrorist on a balcony in the Olympic Village in September 1972, during what became known as the Munich Massacre, in which 11 Israeli athletes were kidnapped and killed. ...

The first oil pipeline between Khartoum and Port Sudan was completed in 1977. Location of Port Sudan Port Sudan (Arabic: ‎) is the capital of the state of Red Sea in Sudan and has nearly 475,000 residents. ...

Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, Khartoum was the destination for hundreds of thousands of refugees fleeing conflicts in neighboring nations such as Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Uganda. The refugees settled in large slums at the outskirts of the city. From the mid-1980s onward, large numbers of internally displaced from the violence of the Second Sudanese Civil War and Darfur conflict have settled around Khartoum. Tailor in Labuje IDP camp in Uganda An internally displaced person (IDP) is someone who has been forced to leave their home for reasons such as religious or political persecution, war or natural disaster, but has not crossed an international border. ... Combatants Sudanese Government (North Sudan) Sudan Peoples Liberation Army Commanders Gaafar Nimeiry Sadiq al-Mahdi Omar Hasan Ahmad al-Bashir John Garang Casualties Not Released 1. ... Combatants JEM factions NRF alliance Janjaweed SLM (Minnawi)  Sudan African Union Mission in Sudan (AMIS) United Nations African Union Mission in Darfur (UNAMID) Commanders Ibrahim Khalil Ahmed Diraige Omar al-Bashir Minni Minnawi Luke Aprezi Strength N/A N/A 7,000 The Darfur conflict is a crisis in the...

Following the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings, the United States accused Osama bin Laden's al-Qaeda group of responsibility and launched cruise missile attacks (August 20) on the al-Shifa pharmaceutical factory in Khartoum North. The destruction of the factory produced diplomatic tension between the U.S. and Sudan. Aftermath at the Nairobi embassy. ... Osama bin Muhammad bin Awad bin Laden (Arabic: ‎; born March 10, 1957[1]), most often mentioned as Osama bin Laden or Usama bin Laden, is a Saudi Arabian militant Islamist and is widely believed to be one of the founders of the organization called al-Qaeda. ... Al-Qaeda (Arabic: القاعدة, the foundation or the base) is the name given to a worldwide network of militant Islamist organizations under the leadership of Osama bin Laden. ... A Taurus KEPD 350 cruise missile of the German Luftwaffe A cruise missile is a guided missile which carries an explosive payload and uses a lifting wing and a propulsion system, usually a jet engine, to allow sustained flight; it is essentially a flying bomb. ... is the 232nd day of the year (233rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... Khartoum North is a city close to, but distinct from, Khartoum in central Sudan. ...

After the sudden death of SPLA head and vice-president of Sudan John Garang at the end of July 2005, there were violent riots in the capital for some days. The death toll was at least 24 as youth from South Sudan attacked North Sudanese and clashed with security forces.^[2] SPLA/M emblem Sudan Peoples Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M) is a member of the National Democratic Alliance (NDA), the main opposition group in Sudan. ... A vice president is an officer in government or business who is next in rank below a president. ... John Garang, August 2004 John Garang de Mabior (June 23, 1945 – July 30, 2005) was the vice president of Sudan and former leader of the rebel Sudan Peoples Liberation Army. ...

The Arab League summit of March 28-29, 2006 was held in Khartoum, during which the Arab League awarded Sudan the Arab League presidency. Headquarters Cairo, Egypt1 Official languages Arabic Membership 22 Arab states 2 observer states Leaders  -  Secretary General Amr Moussa (since 2001)  -  Council of the Arab League Sudan  -  Speaker of the Arab Parliament Nabih Berri Establishment  -  Alexandria Protocol March 22, 1945  Area  -  Total 13,953,041 (Western Sahara Included) = 13,687,041...

Demographics

Economy

This article does not cite any references or sources. (May 2007) Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed.

View of the traffic in the city of Khartoum.

Al-Fatih Hotel.

After the signing of the historic Comprehensive Peace Agreement between the government of Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLA), the Government of Sudan has begun a massive development project. The biggest projects taking place right now in Khartoum are the Al-Mogran Development Project, two five-star hotels, a new airport, Mac Nimir Bridge (finished in October 2007) and the Tuti Bridge that will link khartoum to tuti island Image File history File links Question_book-3. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (600x800, 139 KB) de: Blick auf den Verkehr der Stadt Khartum im Sudan in 2003 en: View of the traffic in the city Khartoum in Sudan in 2003 Summary image from flickr. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (600x800, 139 KB) de: Blick auf den Verkehr der Stadt Khartum im Sudan in 2003 en: View of the traffic in the city Khartoum in Sudan in 2003 Summary image from flickr. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... The Sudan Peoples Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M) is a rebel group that was formed in 1983 by John Garang de Mabior, Salva Kiir Mayardit, William Nyuon Bany and Kerubino Kuanyin Bol. ... The Al-Mogran Development Project is an over $4 billion development project undertaken by the Alsunut Development Company that seeks to develop several thousand acres in downtown Khartoum along the spot where the White Nile and Blue Nile merge to form the Nile. ...

Khartoum is very poor, with few exclusive areas. Few streets are paved, but the centre is well-planned, with tree-lined streets. However, Khartoum has the highest concentration of economic activity in the country. This is slowly changing as major economic developments take place in other parts of the country, like oil exploration in the South, the Giad Industrial Complex and White Nile Sugar Project in Central Sudan, and the Merowe Dam in the North.

Among the city's industries are printing, glass manufacturing, food processing, and textiles. Petroleum products are now produced in the far north of Khartoum state, providing fuel and jobs for the city. One of Sudan's largest refineries is located in northern Khartoum. Petro redirects here. ...

Education

Khartoum is the main location for most of Sudan's top educational bodies, including but not limited to:

High Schools

• Unity High School. The school came to international attention on November 25, 2007 when one of its teachers, Gillian Gibbons from Liverpool, England, was arrested by Sudanese authorities for allegedly insulting Islam by allowing the children in her class to name a teddy bear "Muhammad".^[5][6]

Unity High School Unity High School, founded in 1902, is an independent school in Khartoum, Sudan, which uses the English language and provides a British-style education to children of various backgrounds. ... is the 329th day of the year (330th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... For other uses, see Teddy bear (disambiguation). ... Muhammad in a new genre of Islamic calligraphy started in the 17th century by Hafiz Osman. ...

Universities

• University of Khartoum. Founded as Gordon Memorial College in 1902, it was later renamed to share the name of the city in the 1930s.
• Sudan University of Science and Technology. One of the main Engineering and technical schools in Sudan founded in 1932 as Khartoum Technical Institute and then later on 1991 turned into Sudan University of Science and Technology.
• The Academy of Medical Sciences and Technology. Better known as AMST, it was founded in 1996 by Prof. Mamoun Humaida and built in Khartoum.
• Juba University, relocated from Juba during the civil war. Currently plans exist to relocate the university back to its original location.
• Bayan Science and Technology University
• Al Neelain University
• Omdurman Islamic University
• Ahfad University for Women
• Academy of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum
• Comboni College for Science and Technology, Khartoum

The University of Khartoum (U of K) is a public co-educational university located in and near Khartoum, Sudan. ... Sudan University of Science and Technology, or SUST, is one of the main universities in Khartoum, Sudan. ... Juba University was established in 1977, with syllabis and objectives that made it more close to its community compared to its alikes in the African continent. ... Juba (or Iuba) was a Roman cognomen, originally used by kings of Numidia. ... Combatants Sudanese Government (North Sudan) Sudan Peoples Liberation Army Commanders Gaafar Nimeiry Sadiq al-Mahdi Omar Hasan Ahmad al-Bashir John Garang Casualties Not Released 1. ... Omdurman Islamic University,built on an area of size about 500 Acres in Omdurman. ... Ahfad University for Women is a private womens university in Omdurman, Sudan,and was originaly founded as a girls school by babiker badri in 1905 and was awarded the status of university in 1966. ... The Academy of Medical Sciences and Technology (AMST) is a mainly medical oriented college in Khartoum, Sudan. ...

Transportation

Air

Khartoum is home to the largest airport in Sudan, Khartoum International Airport. It is the main hub for Sudan Airways, Sudan's main carrier. It was built in the southern edge of the city, but the rapid growth of the city and through the major urbanization, it has become the heart of the city. A new international airport is currently being built in the city of Omdurman. It will replace the current airport in Khartoum as Sudan's main airport followed by Juba Airport and Port Sudan Airport. Khartoum International Airport (IATA: KRT, ICAO: HSSS) is an airport in Khartoum, the capital of Sudan. ... Sudan Airways is the national airline of Sudan and is a member of the Arab Air Carriers Organization. ... Omdurman is in northern Sudan (upper center). ... Juba Airport is an airport in Juba, Sudan (IATA: JUB, ICAO: HSSJ). ...

Bridges

The following bridges cross the Blue Nile and connect Khartoum to Khartoum North: For other uses, see Blue Nile (disambiguation). ...

• Mac Nimir Bridge
• Blue Nile Road & Railway Bridge
• Kober Bridge
• Shambat Bridge

Rail

Khartoum has rail lines from Egypt, Port Sudan and El Obeid.

Culture

An alleged statuee of Natakamani at the front of the National Museum of Sudan

Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (720x1087, 134 KB) Description: Statue of a Nubian king, Sudan, Africa. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (720x1087, 134 KB) Description: Statue of a Nubian king, Sudan, Africa. ... Natakamani was a King of Kush who reigned from around or earlier than 1 BC to circa AD 20. ...

Museums

The largest museum in Khartoum, and indeed all of Sudan, is the National Museum of Sudan. Founded in 1971, it contains works from different epochs of Sudanese history. Among the exhibits are two Egyptian temples of Buhen and Semna which were originally built by Queen Hatshepsut and Pharaoh Tuthmosis III respectively but relocated to Khartoum upon the flooding of Lake Nasser. View of Lake Nasser from Abu Simbel Map showing the location of Lake Nasser Lake Nasser (Arabic: Buhayrat Nasir) is a vast artificial lake in southern Egypt and northern Sudan. ...

Another museum in Khartoum is the Palace Museum, located adjacent the the historical Presidential Palace on Blue Nile Street. The official residence of the President of India. ...

Shopping

Khartoum doesn't have as many open markets or souqs as neighboring Omdurman, but one of the largest is the Souq Arabi. The market is huge and spread over several blocks in the center of Khartoum proper just south of the Great Mosque (Mesjid al-Kabir) and the minibus station. It is divided into separate sections, including one focused entirely on gold.

Located in nearby Arkeweet, is the Afra Mall. Medium size mall with a supermarket, retail outlets, coffee shops, a bowling alley, and a movie theatre.

Botanical Gardens

Khartoum is home to a small botanical garden, in the Mogran district of the city.

Clubs

Sudan sufis in Khartoum

Khartoum is home to several clubs such as the Sailing Club, German Club, Greek Club, Coptic Club, Syrian Club, International Club etc. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (969x720, 73 KB) Description: Sufis, ritual in Khartoum. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (969x720, 73 KB) Description: Sufis, ritual in Khartoum. ...

Trivia

There is also a Hollywood film on the battle of the mahdi arms against General Gordon called Khartoum. ... Muhammad Ahmad ibn as Sayyid Abd Allah (1844 - June 22, 1885) was a Muslim religious leader, a faqir, in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. ... Chinese Gordon as Governor of Sudan Major-General Charles George Gordon, CB (28 January 1833 – 26 January 1885), known as Chinese Gordon, Gordon Pasha, and Gordon of Khartoum, was a British army officer and administrator. ... Charlton Heston (right) as Gordon with Richard Johnson (left) as Colonel J.D.H. Stewart Khartoum is a 1966 film written by Robert Ardrey and directed by Basil Dearden. ...

Twin cities

• - Amman, Jordan
• - Cairo, Egypt
• - Istanbul, Turkey
• - St. Petersburg, Russia
• - Wuhan, China
• - Asmara, Eritrea

Image File history File links Flag_of_Jordan. ... For other meanings, see Amman (disambiguation) and Ammann. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Egypt. ... For other uses, see Cairo (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Turkey. ... Istanbul (Turkish: , Greek: , historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see other names) is Turkeys most populous city, and its cultural and financial center. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Peoples_Republic_of_China. ... For the brand of cymbal, see Wuhan cymbals. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Eritrea. ... Asmara (English) (Geez: አሥመራ Asmera, formerly known as Asmera, or in Arabic: Asmaraa) is the capital city and largest settlement in Eritrea, home to a population of around 579,000 people. ...

References

For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 330th day of the year (331st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 332nd day of the year (333rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Times is a national newspaper published daily in the United Kingdom (and the Kingdom of Great Britain before the United Kingdom existed) since 1788 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 332nd day of the year (333rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• Earth from Space - Khartoum
• GNS: Country Files - National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
• Al-Sunut Development Project - Al-Sunut Development Company LTD

• Khartoum is at coordinates 15°37′59″N 32°31′59″E / 15.633, 32.533 (Khartoum)Coordinates: 15°37′59″N 32°31′59″E / 15.633, 32.533 (Khartoum)
• Khartoum is a 1966 film starring Charlton Heston as General Gordon, with Laurence Olivier as the Mahdi (Mahommed Ahmed), and is based on Gordon's defence of the Sudanese city of Khartoum from the forces of the Mahdist army during the Battle of Khartoum

Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

Gallery

The old Mosque of Khartoum Image File history File linksMetadata Karthoum_mosque. ...

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