| Khmer |
 | | | Total population | | 15-20 million (2006 est.) Image File history File links Jayavarman. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (590x715, 73 KB) (Uploaded using CommonsHelper or PushForCommons) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Cambodia Norodom Sihamoni User:Adam Carr/My archive of original photographic contributions Metadata...
| | Regions with significant populations | Cambodia: 13.9 million[1]
Thailand: 1.4 million
Vietnam: 1.06 million
USA: 200,000
France: 50,000
Australia: 20,000
Canada: 15,000
Malaysia: 11,381
New Zealand: 5,000
Laos: 4,000
Belgium: 3,000
| | Languages | | Khmer | | Religions | | Theravada Buddhism | | Related ethnic groups | | Mon, Wa, and other Mon-Khmer groups | The Khmer people are the predominant ethnic group in Cambodia, accounting for approximately 90% of the 13.9 million people in the country. Part of the larger Mon Khmer ethnolinguistic peoples found throughout Southeast Asia, they speak the Khmer language. The majority of the Khmer are followers of the Khmer style of Buddhism, a highly syncretic version which blends elements of Hinduism, animism and ancestor-spirit worship.[2] Significant populations of Khmers reside in adjacent areas of Thailand (Northern Khmer) and the Mekong Delta region of neighboring Vietnam (Khmer Krom). The Khmers are usually typical of Southeast asians in physical appearance, similar to Thais and Laotians. Physical variations are far from being homogenous as resulted form centuries of intermixing with Indians, Malays and Chinese people. Khmer (ភាសាážáŸ’មែរ) is one of the main Austroasiatic languages. ...
Theravada (Pali; Sanskrit: Sthaviravada) is one of the eighteen (or twenty) Nikāya schools that formed early in the history of Buddhism. ...
The Mon (Burmese: ) are an ethnic group in Southeast Asia. ...
Wa redirects here, for alternate uses, see Wa (disambiguation). ...
The Mon-Khmer languages are the autochthonous languages of Indo-China. ...
The Mon-Khmer languages are the autochthonous languages of Indo-China. ...
Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ...
Khmer (ភាសាážáŸ’មែរ) is one of the main Austroasiatic languages. ...
Buddhism is a dharmic, non-theistic religion, which is also a philosophy and a system of psychology[]. Buddhism is also known as Buddha Dharma or Dhamma, which means the teachings of the Awakened One in Sanskrit and Pali, the languages of ancient Buddhist texts. ...
Hinduism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...
Northern Khmer, also called Khmer Surin, is the dialect of the Khmer language spoken by the Khmer native to the Thai provinces of Surin, Srisaket, Buriram and Roi Et as well as those that have migrated from this region into Cambodia. ...
Mekong River Delta from space, February 1996 Mekong Delta, February 2005. ...
Khmer Krom (Khmer: ; Vietnamese: Khơ-me Crôm or Khơ-me dưới, which literally means Khmer from below (below referring to the lower areas of the Mekong Delta), are the indigenous ethnic Khmer minority living in southern Vietnam, especially in the delta of the Mekong River. ...
Motto: Peace, Independence, Democracy, Unity and Prosperity Anthem: Pheng Xat Lao Capital (and largest city) Vientiane Lao Government Communist State - President Choummaly Sayasone - Prime Minister Bouasone Bouphavanh Independence From France - Date 19 July 1949 Area - Total 236,800 km² (83rd) 91,429 sq mi - Water (%) 2% Population - 2005 estimate 5...
Three-quarter scale bronze sculptures 19th C. Malay people, Indonesia, Borneo. ...
History -
Main article: History of Cambodia Migrations into the mainland regions of Southeast Asia from the north continued well into historic times. The Khmer came with earlier waves following in the wake of the Malays. Most scholars believe they came at least 3000 years ago, much earlier than Tai people who now inhabit many parts of what was originally Austroasiatic territory. The reason they migrated into Southeast Asia is generally debated, but scholars believe that Mon-Khmer were pushed down by invading Sino-Tibetans from the north as evident by Austroasiatic vocabulary in Chinese or because of agricultural purposes as evident by their migration roots along major rivers. The Khmer are relatives to the Mon who settled further to the west. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (700x700, 141 KB) khmer art at Museumsinsel Hombroich, Germany own photo feb 26, 2005 photo: nomo/michael hoefner http://www. ...
Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (700x700, 141 KB) khmer art at Museumsinsel Hombroich, Germany own photo feb 26, 2005 photo: nomo/michael hoefner http://www. ...
This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ...
This is the History of Cambodia series. ...
Three-quarter scale bronze sculptures 19th C. Malay people, Indonesia, Borneo. ...
The Tai languages are a subgroup of the Tai Kadai language family. ...
The Austroasiatic languages are a large language family of Southeast Asia and India. ...
Migration occurs when living things move from one biome to another. ...
Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ...
The Mon-Khmer languages are the autochthonous languages of Indo-China. ...
Sino-Tibetan languages form a language family of about 250 languages of East Asia, in number of speakers worldwide second only to Indo-European. ...
The Mon (Burmese: ) are an ethnic group in Southeast Asia. ...
After establishment in Southeast Asia, the history of the Khmer people parallels the history of Cambodia. Like the other early peoples of Southeast Asia such as the Pyu and Mon, the Khmer were influenced by Indian traders and scholars, adapting their religions, sciences, and customs and borrowing from their languages. The Khmer also acquired the concept of the Sivite Deva Raja (God-King) and the great temple as a symbolic holy mountain. Although Cambodian kingdoms waxed and waned and were eventually eclipsed, the Cambodian penchant for building temples of stone throughout their kingdoms left monuments still extant today. This is the History of Cambodia series. ...
Pyu (also written Pyuu, or Pyus) refers to an ancient kingdom (and its language) found in the central and northern regions of what is now Burma. ...
Mon may refer to: Monday, the day of the week between Sunday and Tuesday mon (monster) in anime, a sort of monster character Môn or Anglesey, an island in Wales Mon State, a subdivision of Myanmar Mon people, a Southeast Asian ethnicity Mon language Mon, India, a town in...
Jayavarman II (802-830), revived Cambodian power and built the foundation for the Angkorean empire, founding three capitals--Indrapura, Hariharalaya, and Mahendraparvata--the archeological remains of which reveal much about his times. After winning a long civil war, Suryavarman I (reigned 1002-1050) turned his forces eastward and subjugated the Mon kingdom of Dvaravati. Consequently, he ruled over the greater part of present-day Thailand and Laos, as well as the northern half of the Malay Peninsula. This period, during which Angkor Wat was constructed, is considered the apex of Khmer civilization. The Khmer kingdom became a great empire, and the great temples of Angkor, considered an archeological treasure replete with detailed stone bas-reliefs showing many aspects of the culture, including some musical instruments, remain as monuments to the culture of the Khmer. After the death of Suryavarman II (1113-1150), Cambodia lapsed into chaos until Jayavarman VII (1181-1218) ordered the construction of a new city. He was a Buddhist, and for a time, Buddhism became the dominant religion in Cambodia. As a state religion, however, it was adapted to suit the Deva Raja cult, with a Buddha Raja being substituted for the former Shiva Raja or Vishnu Raja. Aerial view of Angkor Wat The main entrance to the temple proper, seen from the eastern end of the Naga causeway Angkor Wat (or Angkor Vat) is a temple at Angkor, Cambodia, built for king Suryavarman II in the early 12th century as his state temple and capital city. ...
The rise of the Tai kingdoms of Sukhothai (1238) and Ayuthaya (1350) resulted in almost ceaseless wars with the Cambodians and led to the destruction of Angkor in 1431. They are said to have carried off 90,000 prisoners, many of whom were likely dancers and musicians (Thailand 1969:151, Blanchard 1958:27). The period following 1432, with the Cambodian people bereft of their treasures, documents, and human culture bearers, was one of precipitous decline. In 1434 King Ponhea Yat made Phnom Penh his capital, and Angkor was abandoned to the jungle. Due to continued Siamese and Vietnamese aggression Cambodia appealed to France for protection in 1863 and became a French protectorate in 1864. During the 1880s, along southern Vietnam and Laos, Cambodia was drawn into the French-controlled Indochinese Union. For nearly a century, the French exploited Cambodia commercially, and demanded power over politics, economics, and social life.
During the second half of the twentieth century, the political situation in Cambodia became chaotic. King Norodom Sihanouk (later, Prince, then again King), proclaimed Cambodia's independence in 1949 (granted in full in 1953) and ruled the country until March 18, 1970, when he was overthrown by General Lon Nol, who established the Khmer Republic. On April 17, 1975, the genocidal Khmer Rouge led by Saloth Sar, better known by his alias, Pol Pot, came to power and virtually destroyed the Cambodian people, their health, morality, education, physical environment, and culture. On January 7, 1979 Vietnamese forces ousted the Khmer Rouge. After more than ten years of painfully slow rebuilding with only meager outside help, the United Nations intervened resulting in the Paris Peace Accord on October 23, 1992 and created conditions for general elections in May 1993, leading to the formation of the current government and the restoration of Prince Sihanouk to power as King in 1993. Nonetheless, the Khmer Rouge continue to control portions of western and northern Cambodia, and security outside the capital remains problematic. Saloth Sar (May 19, 1925–April 16, 1998), better known as Pol Pot, was the ruler of the Khmer Rouge and the Prime Minister of Cambodia (officially Democratic Kampuchea during his rule) from 1976 to 1979, having been de facto leader since mid-1975. ...
Geography and demographics The majority of the world's Khmer live in Cambodia, the population of which is 90% Khmer. There are also significant Khmer populations native to Thailand and Vietnam. There are over one million Khmer, mainly in Surin, Buriram and Srisaket provinces, in Thailand. Estimates for the number of Khmer in Vietnam (known as Khmer Krom) vary from the 1.1 million given by government data to seven million advocated by the Khmer Krom Federation.[3] Surin (Thai สุรินทร์) is one of the north-eastern provinces (changwat) of Thailand. ...
Buri Ram (Thai บุรีรัมย์) is one of the north-eastern provinces (changwat) of Thailand. ...
Si Sa Ket (Thai ศรีสะเà¸à¸©) is one of the north-eastern provinces (changwat) of Thailand. ...
Khmer Krom (Khmer: ; Vietnamese: Khơ-me Crôm or Khơ-me dưới, which literally means Khmer from below (below referring to the lower areas of the Mekong Delta), are the indigenous ethnic Khmer minority living in southern Vietnam, especially in the delta of the Mekong River. ...
Due to the Cambodian Civil War, thousands of Khmer now reside as refugees in the United States, Australia and France as well. Combatants Khmer Republic, United States, Republic of Vietnam Khmer Rouge, Democratic Republic of Vietnam, National Liberation Front of South Vietnam (NLF) Strength ~250,000 FANK troops ~100,000 (60,000) Khmer Rouge Casualties ~600,000 dead, 1,000,000+ wounded[1] The Cambodian Civil War was a conflict that pitted...
Culture and society -
The culture of the ethnic Khmer is fairly homogeneous throughout their geographic range. Regional dialects exist but are mutually intelligible. The standard is based on Phnom Penh speech, which, due to the city's status as the national capital, has been modestly affected by recent French and Vietnamese influence. However, the variety of Khmer spoken in Battambang is more representative of the speech of the majority of the population. Other dialects are Northern Khmer, called Khmer Surin by Cambodians, spoken by the Khmer in Thailand and Khmer Krom spoken by the Khmer native to the Mekong delta regions of Vietnam adjacent to Cambodia. A little-studied dialect known as Western Khmer, or Cardamom Khmer, is spoken by a small, isolated population in the Cardamom mountain range extending from Cambodia into Thailand. Although little studied, it is unique in that it maintains a definite system of vocal register that has all but disappeared in other dialects of modern Khmer. The Culture of Cambodia has had a large history dating back many centuries. ...
Battambang is Cambodias second-largest city (urban area population 124,290 according to the 1998 census) and the capital of Battambang Province. ...
Northern Khmer, also called Khmer Surin, is the dialect of the Khmer language spoken by the Khmer native to the Thai provinces of Surin, Srisaket, Buriram and Roi Et as well as those that have migrated from this region into Cambodia. ...
Mekong River Delta from space, February 1996 Mekong Delta, February 2005. ...
In linguistics, a register language is a language which combines tone and vowel phonation into a single phonological system. ...
The modern Khmer strongly identify their ethnic identity with their religious beliefs and practices which combine the tenets of Theravada Buddhism with elements of indigenous ancestor-spirit worship, animism and shamanism.[2] The majority of the Khmer live in rural villages either as rice farmers or fishermen and life revolves around the wat (temple) and the various Buddhist ceremonies throughout the year. However, if a Khmer becomes ill, they will frequently see a kru khmae (shaman/healer) whom they believe can diagnose which of the many spirits (neak ta) has caused the illness and recommend a course of action to propitiate the offended spirit, thereby curing the illness.[4] The kru khmae also is learned in herb lore and is often sought to prepare various "medicines" and potions or for a magical tattoo, all believed to endow one with special prowess and ward off evil spirits or general bad luck.[4] Khmer beliefs also rely heavily on astrology, a remnant of Hinduism. A fortune teller, called hao-ra or kru tieay in Khmer, is often consulted before all major events in life, such as the choice of a spouse, the beginning of an important journey or business venture, setting the date for a wedding and determining the "proper" location for building new structures. A Yantra tattoo is a Khmer tattoo. ...
Jyotisha (, in Hindi and English usage Jyotish) is the Hindu system of astrology, one of the six disciplines of Vedanga, and regarded as one of the oldest schools of ancient astrology to have had an independent origin, affecting all other schools in and around India. ...
Throughout the year the Khmer celebrate many holidays, most of a religious or spiritual nature, some of which are also observed as public holidays. The two most important are Choul Chhnam (Cambodian New Year) and Bon Pchum Ben ("Ancestor Day"). The Khmer Buddhist calendar is divided into 12 months with the traditional new year beginning on the first day of khae chaet which coincides with the first new moon of April in the western calendar. However, the modern celebration has been standardized to coincide with April 13th. The new year's celebration lasts three days, one day to mark the end of the old year, one day to welcome the spirit (tevida) of the coming year, and one day to honor one's parents as preah ros or "living gods (enlightened ones)". This is a list of holidays observed in Cambodia. ...
The Buddhist calendar is used on mainland southeast Asia in the countries of Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Myanmar (formerly Burma) in several related forms. ...
The lunar phase depends on the Moons position in orbit around Earth. ...
Khmer culture has influenced Thai and Lao cultures. Many Khmer loanwords are found in Thai and Lao, and the Thai Alphabet is derived from the Khmer alphabet. Khmer architecture, regalia, customs also served as a vehicle to transmit the influence of India to the Thai and Lao as well. The Culture of Cambodia has had a large history dating back many centuries. ...
The Thai alphabet is used to write the Thai language and other minority languages in Thailand. ...
This article or section uses Khmer characters which may be rendered as boxes or other nonsensical symbols. ...
Angkor Wat Architecture of Cambodia has dated back to many centuries ago and has influenced Thai architecture. ...
References - Benjamin Walker, Angkor Empire: A History of the Khmer of Cambodia, Signet Press, Calcutta, 1995.
Benjamin Walker (November 25, 1913) is the truncated pen name of George Benjamin Walker, who also writes under the pseudonym Jivan Bhakar. ...
Notes - ^ CIA FactBook. Accessed July 25, 2006.
- ^ a b Faith Traditions in Cambodia; pg. 8; accessed August 21, 2006
- ^ KhmerKrom.org
- ^ a b Khmer Culture
See also
Khmer Krom (Khmer: ; Vietnamese: Khơ-me Crôm or Khơ-me dưới, which literally means Khmer from below (below referring to the lower areas of the Mekong Delta), are the indigenous ethnic Khmer minority living in southern Vietnam, especially in the delta of the Mekong River. ...
This article needs to be wikified. ...
Khmer (ភាសាážáŸ’មែរ) is one of the main Austroasiatic languages. ...
This article or section uses Khmer characters which may be rendered as boxes or other nonsensical symbols. ...
Khmer Cuisine is similar to that of its Southeast Asian neighbours. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
The Khmer Rouge (Khmer: ) was the extremist Communist party that ruled Cambodia from 1975 to 1979. ...
Vietnam is a multi-ethnic country with over fifty distinct groups. ...
Thailand is a multi-ethnic country with many distinct ethnic groups, including the majority Thai/Lao and numerous hill tribes living primarily in the mountains of the north. ...
An Akha village, with the traditional thatched roofs, in northern Thailand. ...
BRU may stand for: Brussels National Airport (IATA Code) 5-Bromouracil (Biochemistry) ...
This article is about the Cham people of Asia. ...
The terms Hmong (IPA:) and Mong () both refer to an Asian ethnic group whose homeland is in the mountainous regions of southern China. ...
ကရင္‌လူမ္ယုá€á€¸ Total population 7,400,000 Regions with significant populations Myanmar: 7,000,000 Thailand: 400,000 Language Karen Religion Buddhism, Christianity, Animism Related ethnic groups Padaung The Karen (Burmese: ; MLCTS: ), also known in Thailand as the Kariang (Thai: ) or Yang, are an ethnic group in Myanmar (Burma) and Thailand. ...
The Khmu were the indigenous people of northern Laos. ...
Kuy language (also known as Soui or Kuay) is a Katuic language , part of the larger Austroasiatic family. ...
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The Northern Thai language or Kam Mueang (คำเมืà¸à¸‡) is the language of the people of Lannathai, Thailand. ...
Lawa are an ethnic group in northern Thailand. ...
The Lisu people (Chinese: å‚ˆåƒ³æ— : Lìsù Zú) are an ethnic group who inhabit Myanmar (Burma), China, Thailand, and the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. ...
See Yi royal family for the royal family of Korea. ...
Tai Lue (or Tai Lü, Tai Le; tai51 lɯ11; Xishuangbanna Dai; Chinese: å‚£ä»‚è¯ DÇŽilèyÇ”) is one of the languages spoken by the Dai people in China. ...
Lua has a number of meanings: For the Roman goddess, see Lua. ...
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Phuan, also known as Thai Phuan or Lao Phuan (Thai: ไทยพวน), are a Therevada Buddhist Tai people spread out in small pockets over most of the northeastern Isan region with other groups scattered in central Thailand and Laos. ...
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Tai Nüa (also called Dehong Dai or Chinese Shan; own name: [tai lÉ™], which means upper Tai or northern Tai, or ᥖá¥á¥°á¥–ᥬᥳᥑᥨᥒᥰ [tai taɯ xoÅ‹]; Chinese: DÇŽinÇŽyÇ” å‚£å“ªè¯ or Déhóng DÇŽiyÇ” å¾·å®å‚£è¯; Thai: ภาษาไทยเหนืภ[pÊ°aËsaË tÊ°ai nɯËa] or ภาษาไทใต้คง [pÊ°aËsaË tÊ°ai taik...
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