Kicking to left side

Kickboxing refers to sport-fighting using kicks and punches and sometimes throws and bows representing a certain martial art or can be practiced for general fitness, or as a full-contact sport. In the full contact version of the sport the male boxers are bare chested, barefoot and wear boxing trunks. The female boxers sometimes wear a tank top and shorts. Kickboxing is sometimes practiced as an independent style, but in many cases kickboxing is just an event and set of rules of by which martial artists of other styles may compete openly. Typically kickboxing in many competitions is a standing fight sport and does not allow continuation of the fight once the fight has reached the ground, however some styles may still train in this component for example; sanshou especially in the military and police and so must be adapted for kickboxing tournaments as well as many Japanese martial arts. Kickboxing can be attributed to K series of fighting styles. There are different rules for different kinds of kick-boxing. One can start at any age, but until 18 years old, a helmet is strongly recommended. Image File history File linksMetadata Kickboxing_kick_to_the_midsection. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Kickboxing_kick_to_the_midsection. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Full Contact is a 1992 Hong Kong action film directed by Ringo Lam. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Sleeveless T-shirt. ...

Forms of kickboxing that have been labelled under this term ^[1] include:

• Adithada (Indian kickboxing) — A form of kickboxing that uses knee, elbow and forehead strikes
• Lethwei (Burmese Kickboxing) — Traditional Burmese martial arts of which has now grown into a popular kickboxing event with strong emphasis on knee, elbow strikes and head strikes. Any part of the body may be used to strike and be struck, Bando kickboxing
• Pradal Serey (Khmer kickboxing) — A possible predecessor of Muay Thai
• Muay Thai (Thai boxing) — Traditional Thai martial art of which has now grown into a popular kickboxing event with strong emphasis on knee and elbow strikes
• Japanese kickboxing — Similar to Muay Thai, but different point system is taken (e.g. K-1)
• American kickboxing — Similar to Japanese kickboxing and Full contact karate, but different point system is taken
• Full Contact Karate — Most of the time padding and in some cases body armor is used and is the applicable component of karate like many other styles which also include routines training.
• Savate (French kickboxing) — Allows the use of shoes
• Sanshou/Sanda (Chinese kickboxing) — The applicable component of wushu/kung fu of which Takedowns and throws are legal in competition as well as all other sorts of striking (use of arms and legs).
• Shoot boxing — A Japanese form of kickboxing which allows throwing and submission while standing similar to San Shou
• Yaw-Yan (Filipino Kickboxing) — Sayaw ng Kamatayan (Dance of Death) is the proper name for Yaw-Yan, a Filipino martial art developed by Napoleon Fernandez. The art resembles Muay Thai in a sense, but differs in the hip torquing motion as well as downward-cutting of its kicks.

There are many additional derivatives of these forms, as well as combined styles which have been used in specific competitions (e.g. K-1). The rules of 'kickboxing' also vary between these different styles. Adithada (Adi means kick and thada means block) is a martial art originating from the south of India that is similar to Japanese Karate and Kickboxing. ... A knee (technically referred to as a knee strike) is a martial arts and combatives term for a strike with the knee. ... A sideways elbow strike. ... In human anatomy, the forehead or brow is the bony part of the head above the eyes. ... Lethwei or Lethawae ; also known as Burmese Boxing and Myanma Traditional Boxing) is a form of kickboxing originated from Myanmar (Burma). ... (Also see Bando ) // The nation of Burma (now known as Myanmar) borders India, China and Thailand and as a result, possesses a rich martial arts heritage. ... A knee (technically referred to as a knee strike) is a martial arts and combatives term for a strike with the knee. ... A sideways elbow strike. ... Modern burmese boxing. ... Pradal Serey (; English: Khmer Boxing) is the name of the centuries old kickboxing martial arts of Cambodia. ... Muay Thai (IPA: [/muai32 32/]; Thai: ) also known as Thai Boxing,The Deadly Art, The Art of the Eight Limbs is the Thai name for a form of hard martial art practiced in several Southeast Asian countries including Thailand. ... Muay Thai (IPA: [/muai32 32/]; Thai: ) also known as Thai Boxing,The Deadly Art, The Art of the Eight Limbs is the Thai name for a form of hard martial art practiced in several Southeast Asian countries including Thailand. ... A knee (technically referred to as a knee strike) is a martial arts and combatives term for a strike with the knee. ... A sideways elbow strike. ... K. 1 is a designation given to two works of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in the original Köchel Verzeichnis. ... Full-contact karate is popular in the U.S.. Full contact karate has many different derivatives but two main fundamental styles. ... Full-contact karate is popular in the U.S.. Full contact karate has many different derivatives but two main fundamental styles. ... Savate (pronounced ), also known as boxe française (French boxing), French Kickboxing or French Footfighting, is a French martial art which uses both the hands and feet as weapons and combines elements of western boxing with graceful kicking techniques. ... The leitai of the 2004 China National Sanda Championships Sanshou (Chinese: 散手, lit. ... A takedown is a martial arts and combat sports term for a technique that involves off-balancing an opponent and forcing him or her to the ground, typically with the combatant performing the takedown landing on top. ... Sacrifice throws are considered risky since they put the thrower in a disadvantagous position. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Sacrifice throws are considered risky since they put the thrower in a disadvantagous position. ... Two wrestlers clinching. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

The term kickboxing is disputed and has come to become more associated with the Japanese and American variants. It must be noted that many of the above styles do not consider themselves to be 'kickboxing' as such, although the public uses the term generically to refer to all these martial arts. The term itself was created by the Japanese boxing promoter Osamu Noguchi for a variant of Muay Thai and Karate that he created in the 1950s; this term was later used by the American variant. When used by the practitioners of these two styles, it tends to refer to them specifically rather than the martial arts they were derived from. Osamu Noguchi (野口修,) is the founder of kickboxing. ... For other uses, see Karate (disambiguation). ...

The rest of this article deals with the Japanese and American derivatives of 'kickboxing'. For the other martial arts see their relevant articles.

History

Japanese Kickboxing

On December 20, 1959, a Muay Thai match among Thai fighters was held at Tokyo Asakusa town hall in Japan. Tatsuo Yamada who had established "Nihon Kempo Karate-do" was interested in Muay Thai because he wanted to perform Karate matches in Full-contact rules since practitioners are not allowed to hit each other directly in Karate matches. At this time, it was unimaginable to hit each other in Karate matches in Japan. He had already announced his planning which was named "The draft principles of project of establishment of a new sport and its industrialization" in November, 1959, and he put forward a new sport "Karate-boxing" which was a tentative name then. It is still unknown that Thai fighters were invited by Yamada, but it is clear that Yamada was the only karateka who was really interested in Muay Thai. Yamada invited a Thai fighter who was the champion of Muay Thai formerly as his son Kan Yamada's sparring partner, and started studying Muay Thai. At this time, the Thai fighter was taken by Osamu Noguchi who was a promoter of boxing and was also interested in Muay Thai. For example, the Thai fighter's photo was on the magazine "The Primer of Nihon Kempo Karate-do, the first number" which was published by Yamada. December 20 is the 354th day of the year (355th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...   , literally Eastern capital) is a unique subnational administrative region of Japan with characteristics of both a prefecture and a city. ... Sensoji Temple The Kaminarimon is the outer gate of the Sensoji, Asakusas famous temple. ... Karateka is a Japanese word for a practitioner of karate. ... Professional boxing bout featuring Ricardo Domínguez (left, throwing a left uppercut) versus Rafael Ortiz Boxing, also referred to as prizefighting, the noble art, the sweet science, and pugilism is a combat sport in which two participants of similar weight fight each other with their fists in a series of...

There were "Karate vs. Muay Thai fights" February 12, 1963. The 3 karate fighters from Oyama dojo (Kyokushin later) went to the Lumpinee Boxing Stadium in Thailand, and fought against 3 Muay Thai fighters. The 3 karate fighters' names are Tadashi Nakamura, Kenji Kurosaki and Akio Fujihira (as known as Noboru Osawa). Japan won by 2-1 then. Noguchi and Kenji Kurosaki (Kyokushin karate instructor) studied Muay thai and developed a combined martial art which Noguchi named kick boxing. However, throwing and butting were allowed in the beginning to distinguish from Muay Thai style. This was repealed later. The Kickboxing Association the first kickboxing sanctioning body was founded by Osamu Noguchi in 1966 soon after that. Then the first kickboxing event was held in Osaka, April 11, 1966. Tatsu Yamada died in 1967, but his dojo changed its name to Suginami Gym, and kept sending kickboxers off to support kickboxing. February 12 is the 43rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Kyokushin is a style of stand-up, full contact karate, founded in 1964 by Masutatsu Oyama (大山倍達) who was born under the name Choi Yeong-Eui (최영의). Kyokushinkai is Japanese for the society of the ultimate truth. ... Kaicho Tadashi Nakamura (中村忠 Nakamura Tadashi, 22 February 1942 - ) is the founder of Seido Juku Karatedo. ... Muay Thai (IPA: [/muai32 32/]; Thai: ) also known as Thai Boxing,The Deadly Art, The Art of the Eight Limbs is the Thai name for a form of hard martial art practiced in several Southeast Asian countries including Thailand. ... Sacrifice throws are considered risky since they put the thrower in a disadvantagous position. ... The top combatant can attack with headbutts while being held in the bottom combatants guard. ... is the 101st day of the year (102nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1966 calendar). ...

Kickboxing boomed and became popular in Japan as it began to be broadcast on TV. Tadashi Sawamura was an especially popular early kickboxer. However, the boom was suddenly finished and became unpopular after Sawamura was retired. Kickboxing had not been on TV until K-1 was founded in 1993. For other uses, see Television (disambiguation). ... Tadashi Sawamura, whose real name is Hideki Shiraha was the first kickboxer in the world. ...

In 1993, as Kazuyoshi Ishii (founder of Seidokan karate) produced K-1 under special kickboxing rules (No elbow and neck wrestling) in 1993, kickboxing became famous again. The sport has spread through North America, Europe, and Australia. Kazuyoshi Ishii (石井和義, born 1953) is a Japanese master of Seidokan Karate and the founder of the K-1 fighting circuit, a martial-arts event combining Muay Thai, Karate, Kung Fu, Tae Kwon Do, Kenpo, Boxing and Kick Boxing, etc. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...

Spreading to Europe, Australia, and North America

Jan Plas, the Dutch kickboxer founded Mejiro Gym with some Muay Thai pioneers in Netherlands, 1978 after he learned kickboxing from Kenji Kurosaki in Japan. In addition, he also founded NKBB (The Dutch Kickboxing Association) which is the first kickboxing organization in Netherlands in 1978. The sport took off in the U.S. with the popularity and success of Bill "Superfoot" Wallace" in the 1970s. Bill Wallace (18 May 1949 - ) is an American martial artist, best known as Superfoot, the dominant kickboxer of the 1970s. ...

Rules

Japanese Kickboxing

This is almost same as Muay Thai but there are differences between them.

• Similarities
  • time: three minutes × five rounds
  • allowed to attack with elbow
  • allowed to attack with knee
  • allowed to kick the lower half of the body except crotch
  • allowed to do neck-wrestling (folding opponent's head with arms and elbows to attack the opponent's body or head with knee-strikes)
  • head butts and throws were banned in 1966 for boxer safety

• Differences
  • No ram muay before match
  • No Thai music at the match
  • Interval takes one minute only
  • Point system:

In muay thai, kicking to mid-body and head are scored highly generating a large number of points on judges' scorecards. Moreover, kicking is still judged highly even if the kick was blocked. In contrast, punching is worth fewer points. In kickboxing punches and kicks are held in closer esteem. Elbow redirects here. ... For other uses, see Knee (disambiguation). ... Look up Crotch in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Head butting is a fighting technique that uses the cranium to strike an opponent to cause injury or a knockout. ...

American style kickboxing

These are rules used in American and Australian Full Contact Karate.

• Opponents are allowed to hit each other with fists and feet, striking above the hip
• Using elbows or knees is forbidden and the use of the shins is seldom allowed.
• Bouts are usually 3 to 12 rounds (lasting 2 - 3 minutes each) for amateur and professional contests with a 1-minute rest in between rounds.

This is in contrast to Muay Thai where the use of elbows and knees are allowed; in fact some Muay Thai practitioners consider kickboxing a "watered down" version of Muay Thai. Fighters and promoters can agree to various rules including kicks only above the waist, kicks anywhere, no knee strikes, knees only to the body, and so on. American Kickboxing is essentially much a mixture of Western Boxing and Karate.
The round durations and the number of rounds can vary depending on the stipulations agreed to before hand by each fighter or manager. A winner is declared during the bout if there is a submission (fighter quits or fighter's corner throws in the towel), knockout (KO), or referee stoppage (Technical Knock Out, or TKO). If all of the rounds expire with no knockout then the fight is scored by a team of 3 judges. The judges determine a winner based on their scoring of each round. A split decision indicates a disagreement between the judges, while a unanimous decision indicates that all judges saw the fight the same way and all have declared the same winner. Fist can refer to the following: A hand that has the fingers curled into the palm and the thumb retracted. ... For other uses, see Foot (disambiguation). ... Bones of the Hip In anatomy, the hip is the bony projection of the femur, known as the greater trochanter, and the overlying muscle and fat. ... A sideways elbow strike. ... A knee (technically referred to as a knee strike) is a martial arts and combatives term for a strike with the knee. ... Professional boxing bout featuring Ricardo Domínguez (left, throwing a left uppercut) versus Rafael Ortiz Boxing, also referred to as prizefighting, the noble art, the sweet science, and pugilism is a combat sport in which two participants of similar weight fight each other with their fists in a series of... A submission (depending on the context also referred to as a tap out or tapping out) is a combat sports term for yielding to the opponent, and hence resulting in an immediate defeat. ... A boxer is knocked down and receives the 10-count. ...

European style kickboxing

Originally, European style kickboxing was formed with Muay thai and Japanese kickboxing.

• time: 3 minutes × 5 rounds
• not allowed to attack with elbow
• allowed to attack with knee
• allowed to kick the lower half of the body except crotch
• allowed to do neck-wrestling but frequency is limited.
• headbutts and throws are not allowed

Technical

Punching Techniques

Common techniques

• Jab - straight punch from the front hand, to either the head or the body, often used in conjunction with the cross
• Straight punch - The straight punching whirl by feeling it out-without using target
• Hook - rounded punch to either the head or body in an arching motion, usually not scored in points scoring
• Uppercut - rising punch striking to the chin

jab A jab A jab is one of the four main punches used in boxing, the three others being the uppercut, the hook and the cross . ... A hook is a punch in boxing. ... Lead hand uppercut The uppercut (sometimes also referred to as the upper), is a punch used in boxing that usually aims at the opponents chin. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Cross (Right straight punch) Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Hook Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Uppercut Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Other types

• Cross-counter – a cross-counter is a counter-attack begun immediately after an opponent throws a jab, exploiting the opening in the opponent's position
• Drop - a semi-circular and vertical punch thrown with the rear hand. It is usually when the opponent bobbing or slipping. The strategic utility of the drop relying on body weight can deliver a great deal of power
• Bolo punch - a combination of a wide uppercut/right cross/swing that was delivered seemingly from the floor

Cross counter A drop may be: a drop, unit of measure of volume a drop (or droplet) of liquid, such as raindrops causing a rainbow, or forming clouds or fog a drop or dropout in telecommunications, such as in losing a signal, or as in a wire dropped-down from a ceiling... Bobbing can refer to multiple things: Docking, the process of shortening or removing an animals tail or ears, is also called bobbing Hair bobbing is a style in which hair is shortened and lifted This is a disambiguation page, a list of pages that otherwise might share the same... A bolo punch is a punch used in boxing. ... Lead hand uppercut The uppercut (sometimes also referred to as the upper), is a punch used in boxing that usually aims at the opponents chin. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Drop Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

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Special kickboxing

• Reverse or Back fist and Spinning back fist - straight punch to the Solar Plexus, usually from the back hand, bending the arm at the elbow and then striking to the side of the head, common in light contact

Back fist Reverse may refer to: Obverse and reverse side of a coin changing the direction: of movement: forward - reverse, see gearbox of a design: see reverse engineering This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The solar plexus, also known as the celiac plexus, plexus cÅ“liacus or plexus solaris, is an autonomous cluster of nerve cells (see Plexus) in the human body behind the stomach and below the diaphragm near the celiac artery in the abdominal cavity. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Kicking techniques

Common techniques

• Front Kick or Push Kick - Striking face on with the heel of the foot
• Side Kick - Striking with the side or heel of the foot with leg parallel to the ground, can be performed to either the head or body
• Semi Circular Kick or Forty Five Degree Roundhouse Kick
• Roundhouse Kick or Circle Kick - Striking with the front of the foot or the lower shin to the head or the body in a 'chopping' motion

Front kick In Tae Kwon Do: A front kick, somewhat literarly translated from korean ap chagi, is widely regarded as the simplest kick of all. ... “Kicking” redirects here. ... Thai-style roundhouse kicks used to attack low and high targets. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Side kick Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Semi circular Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Roundhouse kick Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Other type

• Hook Kick - Extending the leg out to the side of the body, and hooking the leg back to strike the head with eiher the heel or sole
• Crescent Kick and Forward Crescent Kick
• Axe Kick – is a Stomp Kick or Hammer kick. The Stomp Kick normally travel downward, striking with the side or base heel.
• Back Kick – is delivered with the base heel of the foot.
• Sweeping – One foot or both feet of an opponent may be swept depending upon their position, balance and strength.

Hook-kick “Kicking” redirects here. ... A taekwondo sidekick. ... An Axe Kick (in Tae Kwon Do, Nerio Chagi) is a martial arts technique characterized by the straightened leg coming down on an opponent. ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... Sweep may refer to any of the following: Look up Sweep in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Crescent-kick Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Hammer-kick Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Sweeping (Spinning hook-kick) Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Spinning versions of the back, side, hook and axe kicks can also be performed along with jumping versions of all kicks

Spinning et flying

• Spinning hook-kick
• Spinning side-kick
• Spinning back-kick
• Jumping front-kick
• Jumping roundhouse-kick
• Jumping side-kick
• Jumping back-kick

Stick-kick Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Spinning back-kick with counter punch Image File history File links Back-kick. ...

Jumping side-kick Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Jumping back-kick Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Kneeing techniques

Basic techniques

• Straight Knee Thrust - Long-range knee kick (front heel kick). This knee strike is delivered with the back or reverse foot against an opponent’s stomach, groin, hip or spine an opponent forward by the neck, shoulder or arm
• Rising Knee Strike – can be delivered with the front or back foot. It makes an explosive snap upwards to strike an opponent’s face, chin, throat or chest.
• Hooking Knee Strike – can be delivered with the front or back foot. It makes a half circle spin and strikes the sides of an opponent
• Side Knee Snap Strike – is a highly-deceptive knee technique used in close-range fighting. The knee is lifted o the toes or lifted up, and is snapped to left and right, striking an opponent’s sensitive knee joints, insides of thighs, groin

Straight knee-thrust Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Rising Knee-strike Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Long-range knee-kick Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Jumping knee-kick Image File history File links Genou_direct_sauté1. ...

Other types

• Jumping Knee Kick or Flying knee kick
• Double Knee Kick.

Defense

• Slip - Slipping rotates the body slightly so that an incoming punch passes harmlessly next to the head. As the opponent's punch arrives, the boxer sharply rotates the hips and shoulders. This turns the chin sideways and allows the punch to "slip" past. Muhammed Ali was famous for extremely fast and close slips.

• Bob and Weave - Bobbing moves the head laterally and beneath an incoming punch. As the opponent's punch arrives, the boxer bends the legs quickly and simultaneously shifts the body either slightly right or left. Once the punch has been evaded, the boxer "weaves" back to an upright position, emerging on either the outside or inside of the opponent's still-extended arm. To move outside the opponent's extended arm is called "bobbing to the outside". To move inside the opponent's extended arm is called "bobbing to the inside".

• Parry/Block - Parrying or blocking uses the boxer's hands as defensive tools to deflect incoming attacks. As the opponent's punch arrives, the boxer delivers a sharp, lateral, open-handed blow to the opponent's wrist or forearm, redirecting the punch.

• The Cover-Up - Covering up is the last opportunity to avoid an incoming strike to an unprotected face or body. Generally speaking, the hands are held high to protect the head and chin and the forearms are tucked against the torso to impede body shots. When protecting the body, the boxer rotates the hips and lets incoming punches "roll" off the guard. To protect the head, the boxer presses both fists against the front of the face with the forearms parallel and facing outwards. This type of guard is weak against attacks from below.

Slipping Bobbing can refer to multiple things: Docking, the process of shortening or removing an animals tail or ears, is also called bobbing Hair bobbing is a style in which hair is shortened and lifted This is a disambiguation page, a list of pages that otherwise might share the same... In fencing, the parry is a defensive manoeuvre intended to deflect or block an attempted hit. ... Look up blocking, block in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Bobbing Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Blocking (with the arms) Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Cover-Up (with the gloves) Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

• The Clinch - Clinching is a rough form of grappling and occurs when the distance between both fighters has closed and straight punches cannot be employed. In this situation, the boxer attempts to hold or "tie up" the opponent's hands so he is unable to throw hooks or uppercuts. To perform a clinch, the boxer loops both hands around the outside of the opponent's shoulders, scooping back under the forearms to grasp the opponent's arms tightly against his own body. In this position, the opponent's arms are pinned and cannot be used to attack. Clinching is a temporary match state and is quickly dissipated by the referee.

Cliching A grappling position refers the relative positioning and holds of two combatants engaged in grappling. ... A clinch (also called a stand-up grappling position)is a general martial arts and combat sports term for a grappling position where both combatants are standing, with atleast one combatant grappling the other. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Two wrestlers clinching. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Footwork Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Pulling away Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Guards

There are three main defensive positions (guards or styles) used in boxing. Within each style, there is considerable variation among fighters, as some fighters may have their guard higher for more head protection while others have their guard lower to provide better protection against body punches. Many fighters vary their defensive style throughout a bout in order to adapt to the situation of the moment, choosing the position best suited to protect them.

Low guard Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Mixed guard Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Peek-a-boo Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Governing Bodies

Both professional and amateur kickboxing, like boxing, have many governing bodies around the world. W.A.K.O is the only body recognised by GASIF as an amateur Governing body.

See also

• List of male kickboxers
• List of female kickboxers
• ESDO
• Lerdrit
• Muay Boran

This is a list of notable male kickboxers. ... This is a list of female kickboxers. ... Lerdrit is a Thai form of martial arts taught, and used by the Royal Thai Army. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ...

References

• Muay Thai Kickboxing - The Ultimate Guide to Conditioning, Training and Fighting, Chad Boykin, 2002, Paladin Press, Boulder, Colorado. ISBN 1-58160-320-7
• Thai Kickboxing For Beginners, Peter Belmar, 2006, Lulu Press. ISBN 978-1-4116-9983-0

External links

• World Association of Kickboxing Organizations - World Amateur Governing Body
• World Association of Kickboxing Organizations (NZ)
• World Association of Kickboxing Organizations (GB)
• World Kickboxing Association (W.K.A. head office) - karate & kickboxing
• WKA - World Kickboxing / Karate Association (W.K.A. Germany)
• International Sport Kickboxing Association (I.S.K.A. head office) - martial arts & kickboxing
• International Sport Kickboxing Association (I.S.K.A. Europe)
• All about kickboxing as it relates to cardiovascular fitness and mental health.
• IKF, International Kickboxing Federation. Sanctioning Kickboxing Around The World, News, Events, Champions
• World Kickboxing Championship 2006 - Tashkent-Uzbekistan
• Central Kickboxing Organization - World Rankings and More
• History of kick boxing
• Watford Kungfu and Kickboxing
• Kickboxing history.
• "A History of Kickboxing"
• Professional Karate Commission (P.K.C.)
• WAKO Schweiz - Resultate, Termine, Rangliste
• Axekick - Swiss Kickboxing Source
• Leisure Cambodia-Khmer Kickboxing
• Kickboxing In India
• Kickboxing in the US
• Defining Yaw-Yan
• A Yaw-Yan Resource
• Kickboxing Italia
• fight sports in Italy
• Muay Thai - Kick Boxing Posters - Kick Boxen Plakat K1