Kyiv Київ Kiev
A monument to archangel Michael, the patron of Kiev, with Independence Square in the background
Flag Coat of arms
Map of Ukraine with Kiev highlighted
Coordinates: 50°27′00″N 30°31′24″E / 50.45, 30.52333
Country	Ukraine
Oblast	Kiev City Municipality
Raion	Municipality
Government
- Mayor	Leonid Chernovetskyi
Elevation	179 m (587 ft)
Population (2006)
- City	4,450,968
- Density	3,299/km² (8,544.4/sq mi)
Time zone	EET (UTC+2)
- Summer (DST)	EEST (UTC+3)
Postal code	01xxx-04xxx
Area code(s)	+380 44
License plate	AA (before 2004: КА,КВ,КЕ,КН,КІ,KT)
Sister cities	Ankara, Athens, Belgrade, Brussels, Budapest, Chicago, Chişinău, Edinburgh, Florence, Helsinki, Kraków, Kyoto, Leipzig, Minsk, Munich, Odense, Paris, Pretoria, Riga, Rome, Santiago de Chile, Sofia, Stockholm, Tallinn, Tampere, Tbilisi, Toronto, Toulouse, Warsaw, Wuhan, Vienna, Vilnius, Yerevan
Website: http://www.kmr.gov.ua

Kiev, also Kyiv (Ukrainian: Київ (help· info), Kyyiv, IPA: [ˈkɪjiw]; Russian: Ки́ев (help· info), Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names), is the capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper river. In 2005 Kiev had 2,660,401 inhabitants,^[1] and this figure continues to grow. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1491x1087, 200 KB)Source http://photo. ... Guido Renis archangel Michael (in the Capuchin church of Santa Maria della Concezione, Rome) tramples Satan. ... Maidan Nezalezhnosti (literally: Independence Square ) is a main square in Kyiv, capital city of Ukraine. ... Image File history File links Kyiv_flag. ... Image File history File links Kiew-city-COA.PNG File links The following pages link to this file: Kiev Template:Infobox Kiev Coat of Arms of Kiev User:Sashazlv/Kyiv ... Coat of Arms of Kiev The Coat of Arms of Kiev (Kyiv) features Archangel Michael, wielding a flaming sword and a shield in an azure field. ... Download high resolution version (1181x825, 16 KB) Map of Ukraine with highlighted Oblast made by Sven Teschke, Germany, 2004 --Steschke 09:23, 2004 Nov 8 (UTC) see also: english version: Image:Map_of_Ukraine_political_enwiki. ... Ukraine is subdivided into 24 oblasts (Ukrainian singular: область, oblast; plural області, oblasti), one autonomous republic (автономна республіка, avtonomna respublika), and two cities with special status (singular місто зі спеціальним статусом, misto zi spetsialnym statusom). ... Ukraine is subdivided into 24 oblasts (Ukrainian singular: область, oblast; plural області, oblasti), one autonomous republic (автономна республіка, avtonomna respublika), and two cities with special status (singular місто зі спеціальним статусом, misto zi spetsialnym statusom). ... Leonid Chernovetskyi (Ukrainian: ; b. ... Basic Definition In geography, the elevation of a geographic location is its height above mean sea level (or some other fixed point). ... The metre (American English:meter) is a measure of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... Population density by country, 2006 Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. ... A time zone is a region of the Earth that has adopted the same standard time, usually referred to as the local time. ... Eastern European Time Central Africa Time Israel Standard Time South Africa Standard Time Central European Summer Time West Africa Summer Time Category: ... Though DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... -12 | -11 | -10 | -9:30 | -9 | -8 | -7 | -6 | -5 | -4 | -3:30 | -3 | -2:30 | -2 | -1 | -0:25 | UTC (0) | +0:20 | +0:30 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +3:30 | +4 | +4:30 | +4:51 | +5 | +5:30 | +5:40 | +5:45 | +6 | +6:30 | +7 | +7:20 | +7... // Introduction A license plate, number plate or registration plate (often referred to simply as a plate, or colloquially tag) is a small metal or plastic plate attached to a motor vehicle for official identification purposes. ... Sign denoting twin towns of Neckarsulm, Germany Town twinning is a concept whereby towns or cities in geographically and politically distinct areas are paired with the goal of fostering human contact and cultural links. ... Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the countrys second largest city after Ä°stanbul. ... Athens (ancient Greek: αἱ Ἀθῆναι (plural), evolving into the modern αι Αθήναι in Greek until recently, and η Αθήνα nowadays (IPA : singular see below: Origin of the name ) is both the largest and the capital city of Greece, located in the Attica periphery. ... Location of Belgrade within Serbia Coordinates: Country Serbia District City of Belgrade Municipalities 17 Government  - Mayor Nenad Bogdanović (DS) (since 2004)  - Ruling parties DS/DSS/G17+ Area  - City 3,222. ... Nickname: Map showing the location of Brussels in Belgium Coordinates: , Country Belgium Region Brussels-Capital Region Founded 979 Founded (Region) June 18, 1989 Government  - Mayor (Municipality) Freddy Thielemans Area  - Region 162 km²  (62. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Flag Seal Nickname: The Windy City Motto: Urbs In Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location Location in Chicagoland and northern Illinois Coordinates , Government Country State Counties United States Illinois Cook, DuPage Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 606. ... Status Municipality Founded 1436 Area 635 km² Population (2004) 647,513 [1] - density 1,114 inh/km² - rank 1st Localities (total): 35 - cities 7 - communes 12 - unincorporated 16 Mayor Dorin Chirtoacă, since 2007 Council 51 members, since 2007 - Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova 16 - Liberal Party (Moldova... , Edinburgh (() pronounced ; Scottish Gaelic: ) is the capital of Scotland and its second largest city. ... Florence (Italian: ) is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy. ... Location of Helsinki in Northern Europe Coordinates: , Country Finland Province Southern Finland Region Uusimaa Sub-region Helsinki Charter 1550 Capital city 1812 Government  - City manager Jussi Pajunen Area  - City 187. ... Motto: Ex navicula navis (From a boat, a ship) Coordinates: , Country Poland Voivodeship Lesser Poland Powiat city county Gmina Kraków City Rights June 5th, 1257 Government  - Mayor Jacek Majchrowski Area  - City 326. ... Kyoto )   is a city in the central part of the island of HonshÅ«, Japan. ... Leipzig ( ; Sorbian/Lusatian: Lipsk from the Sorbian word for Tilia) is, with a population of over 506,000, the largest city in the federal state of Saxony, Germany. ... Location of Minsk, shown within the Minsk Voblast Coordinates: Country Subdivision Belarus Minsk Founded 1067 Government  - Mayor Mikhail Pavlov Area  - City 305. ... For other uses, see Munich (disambiguation). ... Odense is the third largest city in Denmark with 145,554 inhabitants (Odense city January 1, 2004) and the capital of the island of Funen. ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) The Eiffel Tower in Paris, as seen from the esplanade du Trocadéro. ... Motto: Praestantia Praevaleat Pretoria (May Pretoria Be Pre-eminent In Excellence) Country South Africa Province Gauteng Established 1855 Area  - City 1,644 km²  (634. ... Coordinates: Founded 1201 Government  - Mayor Jānis Birks Area  - City 307. ... Nickname: Motto: SPQR: Senatus Populusque Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Government  - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area  - City 1,285 km²  (580 sq mi)  - Urban 5... Satellite image of Santiago Santiago (full form Santiago de Chile) is the capital of Chile. ... Position of Sofia in Bulgaria Coordinates: , Country Bulgaria Province Sofia-City Government  - Mayor Boyko Borisov Area  - City 1,349 km²  (520. ... Nickname: Location of Stockholm in northern Europe Coordinates: , Country Sweden Municipality Stockholm Municipality County Stockholm Province Södermanland and Uppland Charter 13th century Government  - Mayor Kristina Axén Olin (m) Population (March 2007)  - City 786,509  - Density 4,160/km² (10,774. ... County Harju County Mayor Jüri Ratas Area 159. ... Tampere ( , Tammerfors in Swedish) is a city in southern Finland located between two lakes, Näsijärvi and Pyhäjärvi. ... Location of Tbilisi in Georgia Coordinates: , Country Georgia Established IV-III Millennium BC Government  - Mayor Giorgi (Gigi) Ugulava Area  - City 726 km²  (280. ... New city flag (Occitan cross) Traditional coat of arms Motto: (Occitan: For Toulouse, always more) Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country Region Midi-Pyrénées Department Haute-Garonne (31) Intercommunality Community of Agglomeration of Greater Toulouse Mayor Jean-Luc Moudenc  (UMP) (since 2004) City Statistics Land... Motto: Contemnit procellas (It defies the storms) Semper invicta (Always invincible) Coordinates: , Country  Poland Voivodeship Masovia Powiat city county Gmina Warszawa Districts 18 boroughs City Rights turn of the 13th century Government  - Mayor Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz (PO) Area  - City 516. ... ‹ The template below (Expand) is being considered for deletion. ... “Wien” redirects here. ... Location Ethnographic region AukÅ¡taitija County Vilnius County Municipality Geographic coordinate system Number of elderates 20 General Information Capital of Lithuania Vilnius County Vilnius city municipality Vilnius district municipality Population About 600,000 in 2006 (1st) First mentioned 1323 Granted city rights 1387 Not to be confused with Vilnius city... Location of Yerevan in Armenia Coordinates: Country Armenia Established 782 BC Government  - Mayor Yervand Zakharyan Area  - City 227 km²  (87. ... Image File history File links Kyiv. ... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... Image File history File links Ru-Kiev. ... Capital City is a 60-minute television show produced by Euston Films that ran for 13 episodes in 1989 on ITV. This drama focused on the lives of investment bankers in London living and working on the corporate trading floor for the fictional international bank Shane-Longman. ... This article is about the river. ...

Kiev is an important industrial, scientific, educational and cultural center of Eastern Europe. It is home to many high-tech industries, higher education institutions and world-famous historical landmarks. The city has an extensive infrastructure and highly developed system of public transport, including the Kiev Metro. Pre-1989 division between the West (grey) and Eastern Bloc (orange) superimposed on current national boundaries: Russia (dark orange), other countries of the former USSR (medium orange),members of the Warsaw pact (light orange), and other former Communist regimes not aligned with Moscow (lightest orange). ... The University of Cambridge is an institute of higher learning. ... Skytrain Bangkok. ... Official Logo The Kiev Metro (Ukrainian: ; Russian: ) is a metro system that is the mainstay of Kievs public transport. ...

The name Kiev is said to derive from the name of Kyi, one of four legendary founders of the city (brothers Kyi, Shchek, Khoryv and sister Lybid'). During its history, Kiev, one of the oldest cities in Eastern Europe, passed through several stages of great prominence and relative obscurity. The city is believed to have been founded in the 5th century as a trading post in the land of Early East Slavs. It gradually acquired eminence as the center of the East Slavic civilization, becoming in the tenth to twelfth centuries a political and cultural capital of Rus', a medieval East Slavic state. Completely destroyed during the Mongol invasion in 1240, the city lost most of its influence for the centuries to come. It was a provincial capital of marginal importance in the outskirts of the territories controlled by its powerful neighbors: first the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, followed by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russian Empire. The city prospered again during the Russian industrial revolution in the late 19th century. After the turbulent period following the Russian Revolution of 1917, from 1921 onwards Kiev was an important city of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, and, since 1934, its capital. During World War II, the city again suffered significant damage, but quickly recovered in the post-war years remaining the third largest city of USSR. Kyi, Schek and Khoriv (Ukrainian: Кий, Щек і Хорив) three brothers, sometimes mentioned along with their sister Lybid (Либідь) who according to the Tale of Bygone Years were the founders of Kyiv. ... A monument to Archangel Michael, the protector of Kiev, with todays city in the background. ... Pre-1989 division between the West (grey) and Eastern Bloc (orange) superimposed on current national boundaries: Russia (dark orange), other countries of the former USSR (medium orange),members of the Warsaw pact (light orange), and other former Communist regimes not aligned with Moscow (lightest orange). ... The East Slavs are the ethnic group that evolved into the Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian peoples. ... Rus’ (????, ) was a medieval East Slavic nation, which, according to the most popular (but by no means only) theory, may have taken its name from a ruling warrior class, possibly with Scandinavian roots. ... Coat of arms Map of the Kievan Rus′, 11th century Capital Kiev Religion Orthodox Christianity Government Monarchy Historical era Middle Ages  - Established 9th century  - Disestablished 12th century Currency Hryvnia Kievan Rus′ was an early, mostly East Slavic[1] state dominated by the city of Kiev from about 880 to the... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... The Mongol Invasion of Rus was heralded by the Battle of the Kalka River (1223) between Subutais reconnaissance unit and the combined force of several princes of Rus. After fifteen years of peace, it was followed by Batu Khans full-scale invasion in 1237-40. ... The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lithuanian: , Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje, Ruskaje, Å»amojckaje, Belarusian: , Ukrainian: , Polish: , Latin: ) was an Eastern and Central European state of the 12th[1] /13th century until the 18th century. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Anthem God Save the Tsar! The Russian Empire in 1914 Capital Saint Petersburg Language(s) Russian Religion Russian Orthodoxy Government Monarchy Emperor  - 1721–1725 Peter the Great  - 1894–1917 Nicholas II History  - Accession of Peter I May 7, 1682 NS, April 27, 1682 OS²  - Empire proclaimed October 22, 1721 NS... The Industrial Revolution was a major shift of technological, socioeconomic, and cultural conditions that occurred in the late 18th century and early 19th century in some Western countries. ... Ukrainian territory was fought over by various factions after the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the First World War, which added the collapse of Austria-Hungary to that of the Imperial Russia. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... State motto (Ukrainian): Пролетарі всіх країн, єднайтеся! (Translated: Workers of the world, unite!) Official language None. ... Combatants Soviet Union,[1] Poland, Tannu Tuva (until 1944 incorporation with USSR), Mongolia Germany,[2] Italy (to 1943), Romania (to 1944), Finland (to 1944), Hungary, Slovakia, Croatia, Spain (to 1943, unofficial) Commanders Joseph Stalin, Aleksei Antonov, Ivan Konev, Rodion Malinovsky, Ivan Bagramyan, Kirill Meretskov, Ivan Petrov, Alexander Rodimtsev, Konstantin Rokossovsky...

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian independence of 1991, Kiev remained the capital of Ukraine. The rise of Gorbachev Although reform stalled between 1964–1982, the generational shift gave new momentum for reform. ... The territory of present-day Ukraine was a key centre of East Slavic culture in the Middle Ages, before being divided between a variety of powers. ...

Environment

Geography

Landsat 7 image of Kiev and the Dnieper River

Kiev is located on both sides of the Dnieper River, which flows south through the city towards the Black Sea. Its geographic coordinates are 50°27′00″N, 30°31′24″E. Geographically, Kiev belongs to the Polesia ecological zone (a part of the European mixed woods). However, the city's unique landscape distinguishes it from the surrounding region. The older right-bank (western) part of Kiev is represented by numerous woody hills, ravines and small rivers. It is a part of the larger Prydniprovska (near-Dnieper) upland adjoining the western bank of the Dnieper. The city expanded to the Dnieper's left-bank (to the east) only in the 20th century. Significant areas of the Dnieper valley were artificially sand-deposited, and are protected by dams. Image File history File links Kiev_L7_20010914. ... Image File history File links Kiev_L7_20010914. ... Landsat 7 is the latest satellite of the Landsat program. ... The Dnieper River (also known as: Dnepr, Dniapro, or Dnipro) is a river which flows from Russia, through Belarus and Ukraine, ending its flow in the Black Sea. ... NASA satellite image of the Black Sea Map of the Black Sea The Black Sea is an inland sea between southeastern Europe and Anatolia that is actually a distant arm of the Atlantic Ocean by way of the Mediterranean Sea. ... Polesie (Polish spelling; Polissya, Полісся in Ukrainian, Polesye, Полесье in Russian, Palyessye or Palesse, Пале́сьсе in Belarusian, formerly also Polesia in Latin) is one of the largest European swampy... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

The Dnieper River forms a branching system of tributaries, isles, and harbors within the city limits. The city is adjoined by the mouth of the Desna River and the Kiev Reservoir in the north, and the Kaniv Reservoir in the south. Both the Dnieper and Desna rivers are navigable at Kiev, although regulated by the reservoir shipping locks and limited by winter freeze-over. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Desna (Десна́) is a river in Russia and Ukraine, left tributary of Dnepr. ... Landsat satellite photo Map of the Kiev Reservoir. ... The Kaniv Reservoir (Ukrainian: ) is a water reservoir located on the Dnieper River in Ukraine. ... Table of geography, hydrography, and navigation, from the 1728 Cyclopaedia. ...

Climate

Kiev has a continental humid climate, although it has changed significantly during recent decades. The warmest months are June, July, and August, with mean temperatures of 13.8 to 24.8°C (56.9 to 76.7°F). The coldest are December, January, and February, with mean temperatures of −4.6 to -1.1°C (23.7 to 30.0°F). The highest ever temperature recorded in the city was 39.4°C (103.0°F) on 31 July 1936. The coldest temperature ever recorded in the city was -32.2°C (-26.0°F) on 7 & 9 February 1929. Snow cover usually lies from mid-November to the end of March, with the frost-free period lasting 180 days on average, but surpassing 200 days in recent years.^[2] Regions containing a continental climate exist in portions of Northern Hemisphere continents, and also at higher elevations in certain other parts of the world. ... is the 212th day of the year (213th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... February 7 is the 38th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... is the 40th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

History

Main article: History of Kiev

Kiev is one of the oldest and most important cities of Eastern Europe with a pivotal role in the development of the medieval East Slavic civilization as well as in the modern Ukrainian nation. A monument to Archangel Michael, the protector of Kiev, with todays city in the background. ... Pre-1989 division between the West (grey) and Eastern Bloc (orange) superimposed on current national boundaries: Russia (dark orange), other countries of the former USSR (medium orange),members of the Warsaw pact (light orange), and other former Communist regimes not aligned with Moscow (lightest orange). ... The East Slavs are a Slavic ethnic group, the speakers of East Slavic languages. ... Anthem Ще не вмерла України ні слава, ні воля(Ukrainian) shche ne vmerla Ukrayiny ni slava ni volya(transliteration) Ukraines glory has not yet perished, nor her freedom Ukraine() on the European continent() Capital (and largest city) Kiev (Kyiv) Official languages Ukrainian Government Semi-presidential system  -  President Viktor Yushchenko  -  Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych Independence from the Soviet...

People have lived on the site of Kiev since before the existence of any historic records. The settlement at the site of the modern city may have been founded as early as the fifth or the sixth century AD.^[4] With the exact time of city foundation being hard to determine, May 1982 was chosen to celebrate the city's 1,500th anniversary.

During the eighth and ninth centuries, Kiev was an outpost of the Khazar empire. Starting from some point during the late ninth century Kiev was ruled by the Varangian nobility and became the nucleus of the Rus' polity, which became known as Kievan Rus' during the Golden age of Kiev (eleventh to early twelfth centuries). In 1240 the Mongol invasion of Rus led by Batu Khan completely destroyed Kiev, an event that had a profound effect on the future of the city and the East Slavic civilization. At the time of the Mongol destruction, Kiev was reputed as one of the largest cities in the world, with a population exceeding one hundred thousand. The Khazars were a Turkic semi-nomadic people from Central Asia who adopted Judaism. ... The Varangians (Russian: Variags, Варяги) were Scandinavians who travelled eastwards, mainly from Jutland and Sweden. ... Originally Rus (Русь, Rus’) was a medieval country and state that comprised mostly Early East Slavs. ... Coat of arms Map of the Kievan Rus′, 11th century Capital Kiev Religion Orthodox Christianity Government Monarchy Historical era Middle Ages  - Established 9th century  - Disestablished 12th century Currency Hryvnia Kievan Rus′ was an early, mostly East Slavic[1] state dominated by the city of Kiev from about 880 to the... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Mongol Invasion of Rus was heralded by the Battle of the Kalka River (1223) between Subutais reconnaissance unit and the combined force of several princes of Rus. After fifteen years of peace, it was followed by Batu Khans full-scale invasion in 1237-40. ... Batu Khan (Russian: , Ukrainian: ) (c. ... The period of the Middle Ages has a special meaning in history of the Russian culture. ...

From 1362, the area, with a largely diminished city, was conquered by Gediminas for the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. From 1569 the city was controlled by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, as a capital of Kijów Voivodeship, transferred by then to the Polish Crown. In the 17th century, was Kiev was transferred under rule of Russia. In the Russian Empire Kiev was a primary Christian center, the attraction of piligrims and the craddle of many of the empire's most important religious figures, but until the 19th century the city's commercial importance remained marginal. The Battle on the Irpen River (as referred to in historic chronicles) occurred in 1321 between the armies of Gediminas (Gedimin), the Grand Duke of Lithuania, and knyaz (prince) Stanislav of Kiev, allied with knyaz Oleg of Pereyaslavl and knyaz Roman of Bryansk. ... Gediminas, duke of Lithuania - engraving of XVII ct. ... The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lithuanian: , Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje, Ruskaje, Å»amojckaje, Belarusian: , Ukrainian: , Polish: , Latin: ) was an Eastern and Central European state of the 12th[1] /13th century until the 18th century. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Województwo Kijowskie coat of arms The Kijów (Kiev) Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo Kijowskie) was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the 14th century until 1569 and of the Kingdom of Poland from 1569 until 1793/1795. ... Crown of the Polish Kingdom, or just colloquially the Crown (Polish:Korona) is the archaic name for territories of Poland, distinguishing them from territories of Grand Duchy of Lithuania or vassal territories like Duchy of Prussia or Duchy of Courland, which had varying degrees of autonomy. ... Anthem God Save the Tsar! The Russian Empire in 1914 Capital Saint Petersburg Language(s) Russian Religion Russian Orthodoxy Government Monarchy Emperor  - 1721–1725 Peter the Great  - 1894–1917 Nicholas II History  - Accession of Peter I May 7, 1682 NS, April 27, 1682 OS²  - Empire proclaimed October 22, 1721 NS...

Kiev, as seen during World War II.

Kiev prospered again during the industrial revolution in the late nineteenth century when it became the third most important city of the Russian Empire, the major center of commerce of the Empire's southwest. In the turbulent period following the 1917 Russian Revolution, Kiev became the capital of several short-lived Ukrainian states and was caught in the middle of several conflicts: World War I, the Russian Civil War, and the Polish-Soviet War. From 1921 the city was a part of Ukrainian SSR, a founding republic of Soviet Union. In 1932-33 the city was affected by the devastating man-made famine known as Holodomor. While there was no famine for those who had ration cards distributed to workers, thousands of peasants from the rural areas were banned from the state food stores and were often dying on the streets.^[5]. Since 1934, Kiev became the capital of Soviet Ukraine. The city boomed again during the years of the Soviet industrialization as it population grew rapidly and many industrial giants were built that exist to this day. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 508 pixel Image in higher resolution (1925 × 1223 pixel, file size: 958 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Kiev History of... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 508 pixel Image in higher resolution (1925 × 1223 pixel, file size: 958 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Kiev History of... Combatants Soviet Union,[1] Poland, Tannu Tuva (until 1944 incorporation with USSR), Mongolia Germany,[2] Italy (to 1943), Romania (to 1944), Finland (to 1944), Hungary, Slovakia, Croatia, Spain (to 1943, unofficial) Commanders Joseph Stalin, Aleksei Antonov, Ivan Konev, Rodion Malinovsky, Ivan Bagramyan, Kirill Meretskov, Ivan Petrov, Alexander Rodimtsev, Konstantin Rokossovsky... The Industrial Revolution was a major shift of technological, socioeconomic, and cultural conditions that occurred in the late 18th century and early 19th century in some Western countries. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Ukrainian Peoples Republic (Ukrainian: ), also sometimes translated as Ukrainian National Republic, abbreviated UNR (УНР), was a republic in part of the territory of modern Ukraine after the Russian Revolution, eventually headed by Symon Petliura. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Combatants Red Army Latvian Reds Finnish Reds White Army Czech Legion Allied intervention UK France United States Japan Italy  Canada  Greece  Romania  Serbia New states Poland Finland  Latvia  Estonia  Lithuania Ukrainian Peoples Republic Green Army (Cossacks) Black Army (Anarchists) Blue Army (Peasants) Commanders Trotsky Mikhail Tukhachevsky Kamenev Budyonny Frunze... Combatants Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic Republic of Poland Ukrainian Peoples Republic Commanders Mikhail Tukhachevsky Semyon Budyonny Józef PiÅ‚sudski Edward Rydz-ÅšmigÅ‚y Strength 950,000 combatants 5,000,000 reserves 360,000 combatants 738,000 reserves Casualties Dead estimated at 100,000... State motto: Пролетарі всіх країн, єднайтеся! Official language None. ... Child victim of the Holodomor The Ukrainian famine (1932-1933) or Holodomor was one of the largest national catastrophes of the Ukrainian nation in modern history with direct loss of human life in the range of millions (estimates vary). ... State motto: Пролетарі всіх країн, єднайтеся! Official language None. ...

In World War II, the city again suffered significant damage, but quickly recovered in the post-war years, becoming once again the third most important city of the Soviet Union. The catastrophic accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant located only some 100 km to the north from the city affected the city, which had surpassed two million inhabitants, but to a lesser extent than it was feared as the northward wind blew the most substantial radioactive debris away from the city. Combatants Soviet Union,[1] Poland, Tannu Tuva (until 1944 incorporation with USSR), Mongolia Germany,[2] Italy (to 1943), Romania (to 1944), Finland (to 1944), Hungary, Slovakia, Croatia, Spain (to 1943, unofficial) Commanders Joseph Stalin, Aleksei Antonov, Ivan Konev, Rodion Malinovsky, Ivan Bagramyan, Kirill Meretskov, Ivan Petrov, Alexander Rodimtsev, Konstantin Rokossovsky... Chernobyl reactor number four after the disaster, showing the extensive damage to the main reactor hall (image center) and turbine building (image lower left) The Chernobyl disaster was a major accident that took place at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant on April 26, 1986 at 01:23 a. ...

In the wake of the collapse of the Soviet Union the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine was proclaimed in the city by the Ukrainian parliament on August 24, 1991. Kiev now remains the capital of independent Ukraine. This is a history of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991. ... The Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine (Ukrainian: ) was adopted by the Ukrainian parliament on August 24, 1991. ... Verkhovna Rada. ...

Government

Main article: Legal status and local government of Kiev

The Kiev City Council building at the Khreshchatyk street.

The municipality of the city of Kiev has a unique legal status within Ukraine compared to the other administrative subdivisions of the country. The most significant difference is that the city is subordinated directly to the national-level branches of the Government of Ukraine, skipping the provincial level authorities of Kiev Oblast. Additionally, the leading governmental position is held by the locally elected, rather than appointed, figure, the Mayor of Kiev, and the municipal self-governance institutions have a higher than elsewhere in Ukraine latitude in the local affairs. Legal status and local government of Kiev reflect the citys role as the capital of Ukraine, and also as its largest and oldest city, possessing city rights for centuries. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Kiev City Council or Kyivrada (Ukrainian: ) is the city council of Kiev (Kyiv) municipality, the highest representative body of the city community. ... Kreschatyk in the early 1980s Khreschatyk (Ukrainian: , Russian: ) is probably the best-known street in Kiev, the capital of Ukraine. ... A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly referring to a city, town, or village, or a small grouping of them. ... Ukraine is subdivided into 24 oblasts (Ukrainian singular: область, oblast; plural області, oblasti), one autonomous republic (автономна республіка, avtonomna respublika), and... Ukraine is a republic under a semi-presidential system with separate legislative, executive, and judicial branches. ... Oblast (Czech: oblast, Slovak: oblasÅ¥, Russian and Ukrainian: , Belarusian: , Bulgarian: о́бласт) refers to a subnational entity in some countries. ... Kiev Oblast (also Kyiv Oblast, Ukrainian: ) is an oblast (province) in central Ukraine. ... Mayor of Kiev (Ukrainian: ) is the mayor of the municipality of Kiev, the capital of Ukraine. ...

Subdivisions

Main article: Subdivisions of Kiev

The ten Formal raions of Kiev.

Administratively, the city is divided into "raions" ("districts"), which have their local governments with jurisdiction over a limited scope of affairs. Presently, there are 10 raions. Kiev, the capital of Ukraine, is subdivided into administrative raions (districts), which have their own units of central and local government with jurisdiction over a limited scope of affairs. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (665x663, 130 KB) Summary Map of Kiev separated into raions, with Dnipro and Desna rivers, labelled in English. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (665x663, 130 KB) Summary Map of Kiev separated into raions, with Dnipro and Desna rivers, labelled in English. ... Kiev, the capital of Ukraine, is subdivided into administrative raions (districts), which have their own units of central and local government with jurisdiction over a limited scope of affairs. ... A raion (or rayon) (Russian and Ukrainian: ; Belarusian раён; Azeri: rayon, Latvian: rajons, Georgian: , raioni) is one of two kinds of administrative subdivisions in languages of some post-Soviet states: a subnational entity and a subdivision of a city. ...

Besides these, Kiev is informally divided into historical or territorial neighborhoods, each housing from about 5,000 to 100,000 inhabitants.

The natural first level of subdivision of the city is into the Right Bank and the Left Bank of the Dnieper. The Right Bank, located on the west side of the river, contains the older portions of the city. Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ...

See also: Category:Neighborhoods and raions of Kiev

Demographics

As of the All-Ukrainian Census conducted in 2001, the population of Kiev is 2,611,300.^[6] Please consult the table to the right for Kiev's historical populations.^[1] According to the census, the number of men accounted for 1,219,000 persons, or 46.7%, and that of women – 1,393,000 persons, or 53.3%. The comparison with the results of the previous census (1989) shows the trend of population aging which, while common for the country overall, is partly offset in Kiev by the inflow of the migrants of the working age. Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The first Ukrainian Census after the dissolution of the Soviet Union was carried out by State Statistics Committee of Ukraine on December 5, 2001, twelve years after the last All-Union census in 1989. ... In demographics population ageing occurs when the average age of a regions population gets older. ...

According to the census data, more than 130 nationalities and ethnic groups reside within the territory of Kiev. Ukrainians constitute the largest ethnic group in Kiev, and they account for 2,110,800 people, or 82.2% of the population. Russians comprise 337,300 (13.1%), Jews - 17,900 (0.7%), Belarusians - 16,500 (0.6%), Poles - 6,900 (0.3%), Armenians - 4,900 (0.2%), Azerbaijanis - 2,600 (0.1%), Tatars - 2,500 (0.1%), Georgians - 2,400 (0.1%), Moldovans - 1,900 (0.1%). Tatars (Tatar: Tatarlar/Татарлар), sometimes spelled Tartar (more about the name), is a collective name applied to the Turkic speaking people of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. ...

Both Ukrainian and Russian are commonly spoken in the city, with Russian being more widely used despite the fact that Ukrainian is claimed as their native tongue by almost three times as many residents as those who claim Russian.^[7] According to a 2006 survey, Ukrainian is used at home by 23% of Kievans, as 52% use Russian and 24% switch between both.^[8]

1,069,700 people have higher and complete secondary education, a significant increase 21.7% since 1989.

Modern Kiev

Bird's-eye view of the Kiev center at night.

View of the October Palace from the Instytutska street.

Modern Kiev is a mix of the old and the new, seen in everything from the architecture to the stores and to the people themselves. Experiencing fast population growth between the 1970s and the mid-'90s, the city has continued its consistent growth after the turn of the millennium. As a result, Kiev's "downtown" is a dotted picture of new, modern buildings amongst the pale yellows, blues and grays of the older apartments. Urban sprawl has been gradually reducing, while population densities of suburbs started increasing. The most expensive properties are located in the Pechersk, and Khreschatyk area. It is also prestigious to own a property in newly constructed buildings in Kharkivskyi Raion or Obolon along the Dnieper, as well as in some other better-established areas. Image File history File links Kiev_night_view. ... Image File history File links Kiev_night_view. ... Rio de Janeiro birds-eye view. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1280x960, 272 KB) Summary Description: en: Kiev, Ukraine: Culture and arts centre Zhovtnevy Palace (October Palace) ru: Киев: Международный центр культуры и искусств Октябрьский дворец, лица Институтская, 1, uk: Київ: Жовтневый дворец Author: Alexander Noskin Date: 8-15-2005 Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1280x960, 272 KB) Summary Description: en: Kiev, Ukraine: Culture and arts centre Zhovtnevy Palace (October Palace) ru: Киев: Международный центр культуры и искусств Октябрьский дворец, лица Институтская, 1, uk: Київ: Жовтневый дворец Author: Alexander Noskin Date: 8-15-2005 Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages... View on the October Palace from the Instytutska street. ... For the band, see 1990s (band). ... Pechersk or Pechersk (Ukrainian: ) is a neighborhood in Kiev (Kyiv), the capital of Ukraine, located on the hills adjoining the right bank of the Dnieper river. ... Khreschatyk Khreschatyk (Ukrainian: , Russian: ) is the main and probably the best-known street in Kiev, the capital of Ukraine. ... Kharkivskyi neighborhood, in Kiev, Ukraine, often referred to as Kharkivskyi massyv (Ukrainian: ) was first developed between the mid 1980s and early 1990s as an expansion of the Darnytsia raion (administrative district) of the capital. ... Obolon Raion (Ukrainian: , Obolons’kyi raion), is a historical raion (administrative district) of the Ukrainian capital Kiev (Kyiv). ...

With the Ukrainian independence on the turn of the millennium, other changes came. Western-style residential complexes, hip nightclubs, classy restaurants and prestigious hotels opened in the center. Music from Europe and North America started rising on Ukrainian music charts. And most importantly, with the easing of the visa rules in 2005,^[9] Ukraine is positioning itself as a prime tourist attraction, with Kiev, among the other large cities, looking to profit from the new opportunities. The center of Kiev has been cleaned up and buildings have been restored and redecorated, especially the Khreschatyk street and the Independence Square. Many historic areas of Kiev, such as Andriyivskyy Descent, have become popular street vendor locations, where one can find traditional Ukrainian art, religious items, books, game sets (most commonly chess) as well as jewelry for sale.^[10] // This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... World map showing the location of Europe. ... North America North America is a continent [1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ... Khreschatyk Khreschatyk (Ukrainian: , Russian: ) is the main and probably the best-known street in Kiev, the capital of Ukraine. ... Maidan Nezalezhnosti (literally: Independence Square ) is a main square in Kyiv, capital city of Ukraine. ... St Andrews Church and Andriyivskyy Descent Andriyivskyy Descent (Ukrainian: , Russian: , literally Andrews Descent) is one of the historic streets in Kiev and one of the citys main tourist attractions. ... Chess is a recreational and competitive game for two players. ... Jewelry (the American spelling; spelled jewellery in Commonwealth English) consists of ornamental devices worn by persons, typically made with gems and precious metals. ...

• Pictures of Kiev

Culture

An important part of Kiev's culture is the many theatres in the city, which include: Kiev Opera House, Ivan Franko National Academic Drama Theater, Lesya Ukrainka National Academic Theater of Russian Drama, the Kiev Puppet Theater, October Palace, National Philharmonic of Ukraine and many others. The Taras Shevchenko Ukrainian National Opera House in Kiev. ... Lesya Ukrainka National Academic Theater of Russian Drama (also referred to as Lesya Ukrainka Theater) is a theater in Kiev, Ukraine. ... View on the October Palace from the Instytutska street. ... Kiev Philharmony National Philharmonic Society of Ukraine (Ukrainian: ), often referred to as Kiev Philharmony and National Philharmony, is a concert hall in Kiev, Ukraine. ...

Other cultural items include the Olexandr Dovzhenko Film Studios, and the Kiev Circus. The most important of the city's many museums are the Kiev State Historical Museum, Museum of the Great Patriotic War, the National Art Museum, the Museum of Western and Oriental Art and the National Museum of Russian art. The Olexandr Dovzhenko Film Studios (Ukrainian: , translit. ... The National Museum of the History of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 years (Ukrainian: , Russian: ) is a memorial complex commemorating the Great Patriotic War located in the southern outskirts of the Pechersk district of Kiev, the capital of Ukraine, on the picturesque hills on the right-bank of... The National Art Museum of Ukraine (Ukrainian: ) is a museum dedicated to Ukrainian art in Kiev, Ukraine. ... Museum of Western and Oriental Art, also known as the Museum of Art of Varvara and Bogdan Khanenko (Ukrainian: ) is a museum of art in Kiev, Ukraine. ...

In 2005 Kiev hosted the 50th annual Eurovision Song Contest as a result of Ruslana's Wild Dances being victorious in 2004. Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Eurovision Song Contest 2005 was the fiftieth edition of the Eurovision Song Contest, which was held at the Palace of Sports, Kiev (Kyiv), Ukraine. .