NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Kim Dae Jung

Kim Dae-jung (born January 6, 1926) is a former South Korean president and the 2000 Nobel Peace Prize recipient, the first winner of a Nobel to hail from Korea ^[1]. A Roman Catholic since 1957, he has been called the "Nelson Mandela" of Asia ^[2] and was a symbol of democratic opposition to the dictatorial government. Kim Dae Jung was the President (succeeding Kim Young-sam) from 1998 to 2003. He was born in Haui-do, South Jeolla Province, an island off the South Korean Coast. The President is head of state of South Korea. ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Kim Young-sam (born December 20, 1927 in Geoje, South Gyeongsang) was the President of the Republic of Korea from February 25, 1993 to February 25, 1998. ... Roh Moo-hyun (born September 1, 1946 in Gimhae, South Gyeongsang) has been the President of South Korea since February 25, 2003. ... January 6 is the 6th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Haui-do is an island off the South Korean coast in the Yellow Sea, part of Sinan County in Jeollanam-do province. ... South Jeolla is a province in the southwest of South Korea. ... For other uses, see Hangul (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that Sino-Korean be merged into this article or section. ... The Revised Romanization of Korean (Korean: êµì–´ì˜ ë¡œë§ˆìž í‘œê¸°ë²•; åœ‹èªžì˜ ë¡œë§ˆå— è¡¨è¨˜æ³•) is the official Korean language romanization system in South Korea. ... McCune-Reischauer romanization is one of the two most widely used Korean language romanization systems, along with the Revised Romanization of Korean, which replaced (a modified) McCune-Reischauer as the official romanization system in South Korea in 2000. ... January 6 is the 6th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Motto: Broadly bring benefit to humanity [citation needed] Anthem: Aegukga Capital (and largest city) Seoul Korean Government Republic - President Roh Moo-hyun - Prime Minister Han Myung-sook Establishment - Gojoseon October 3, 2333 BCEa - Republic declared March 1, 1919 (de jure) - Liberation August 15, 1945 - First Republic August 15, 1948 - [Nations... Lester B. Pearson after accepting the Nobel Peace Prize The Nobel Peace Prize is the name of one of five Nobel Prizes bequested by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (IPA ) (born July 18, 1918) was the first President of South Africa to be elected in fully-representative democratic elections. ... The President is head of state of South Korea. ... Kim Young-sam (born December 20, 1927 in Geoje, South Gyeongsang) was the President of the Republic of Korea from February 25, 1993 to February 25, 1998. ... Haui-do is an island off the South Korean coast in the Yellow Sea, part of Sinan County in Jeollanam-do province. ... South Jeolla is a province in the southwest of South Korea. ...

Kim was almost killed in August 1973, when he was kidnapped from a hotel in Tokyo by KCIA agents in response to his criticism of President Park's yushin program. [1] Although Kim returned to Seoul alive, he was banned from politics and imprisoned in 1976 for having participated in the proclamation of an anti-government manifesto and sentenced for five years in prison, which was reduced to house arrest in 1978. Tokyo , literally Eastern capital) is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, the home of the Japanese Imperial Family, and the de facto[1] capital of Japan. ... The Agency for National Security Planning (also referred to as ANSP or KCIA) is the chief intelligence bureau of the Republic of Korea. ... The Yusin Constitution, also spelled Yushin, was the official constitution of the South Korean Fourth Republic, 1972-1979. ... Seoul (SÅul[1] ì„œìš¸) is the capital and largest city of South Korea (Republic of Korea). ...

Kim was reinstated in 1979 after Park Chung-hee was assassinated. However in 1980, Kim was arrested and sentenced to death on charges of sedition and conspiracy in the wake of another coup by Chun Doo-hwan and a popular uprising in Gwangju, his political stronghold. With the intervention of the United States government, the sentence was commuted to 20 years in prison and later he was given exile to the U.S. Kim stayed in Harvard University as visiting fellow to the Center for International Affairs, until he chose to return to his homeland in 1985. During his period abroad, he authored a number of opinion pieces in leading Western newspapers that were sharply critical of his government. Chun Doo-hwan (Korean hangul: ì „ë‘í™˜; hanja: å…¨æ–—ç…¥; revised: Jeon Duhwan; McCune-Reischauer: ChÅn Tuhwan; born 18 January 1931) was a Korean military officer and the President of South Korea from 1980 to 1988. ... The Gwangju Massacre refers to the atrocities comitted in the city of Gwangju, South Korea from May 18 to May 27, 1980. ... This article is about Gwangju Metropolitan City in South Korea. ... Harvard University (incorporated as The President and Fellows of Harvard College) is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. ...

Road to the Presidency

Kim was again put under house arrest upon his return to Seoul, but resumed his role as one of the principal leaders of the political opposition. When Chun Doo-hwan succumbed to the popular demand in 1987 and allowed the first democratic presidential election after the 1961 coup, Kim Dae-jung and Kim Young-sam both ran. The result was a split the opposition vote, with Kim Young-sam receiving 28% and Kim Dae-jung 27% of the vote. The ex-general Roh Tae-woo—Chun Doo-hwan's hand-picked successor—won with 36.5% of the popular vote. Kim Young-sam (born December 20, 1927 in Geoje, South Gyeongsang) was the President of the Republic of Korea from February 25, 1993 to February 25, 1998. ... Roh Tae-woo (born December 4, 1942 in Daegu, South Korea), a Korean general and politician. ...

He made yet another failed bid for the presidency in 1992, this time solely against Kim Young-sam, who won as a candidate for the ruling party. Many thought his political career was effectively over when Kim took a hiatus form politics and departed for the United Kingdom to take a position at Clare Hall, Cambridge University as a visiting scholar. However, in 1995 he announced his return to politics and began his fourth quest for the presidency. The situation became favorable for him when the public revolted against the incumbent government in the wake of the nation's economic collapse in the Asian financial crisis just weeks before the presidential election. Allied with Kim Jong-pil, he defeated Lee Hoi-chang, Kim Young-sam's successor, in the election held on December 18, 1997, and was inaugurated as the fifteenth President of South Korea on February 25, 1998. The election was marred with controversy, as two candidates from the ruling party split the conservative vote (38.7% and 19.2% respectively), enabling Kim to win with a 40.3% of the popular vote[[2]]. Kim's chief opponent, Lee Hoi Chang, was a former Supreme Court Justice and had graduated at the top of his class from Seoul National University College of Law. Lee was widely viewed as elitist and his candidacy was further damaged by charges that his sons dodged mandatory military service. Kim's education in contrast was limited to vocational high school, and many Koreans sympathized with the many trials and tribulations that Kim had endured previously. Full name Clare Hall Motto - Named after Clare College Previous names - Established 1966, 1984 Sister College St Cross College President Prof. ... The University of Cambridge, located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world. ... The Asian financial crisis was a financial crisis that started in July 1997 in Thailand and affected currencies, stock markets, and other asset prices in several Asian countries, many considered East Asian Tigers. ... Kim Jong-pil is a South Korean politician and founder of the Korean Central Intelligence Agency (the KCIA, now the National Intelligence Service), who served as Prime Minister twice, from 1971-1975 and from 1998-2000. ... Lee Hoi-chang (born June 2, 1935) is a South Korean politician. ... In the Gregorian Calendar, December 18 is the 352nd day of the year (353rd in leap years), at which point there will be 13 days remaining to the end of the year. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... February 25 is the 56th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ...

The preceding presidents Park Chung Hee, Chun Doo-hwan, Roh Tae-woo, and Kim Young-sam all came from the relatively wealthy Gyeongsang region. Kim Dae-jung was the first president to serve out his full term who came from the Jeolla region in the southwest, an area that traditionally has been neglected and less developed, at least partly because of discriminatory policies of previous presidents. Kim's administration was in turn overrepresented in individuals from the Jeolla province, leading to charges of reverse discrimination. Park Chung-hee (November 14, 1917 â€“ October 26, 1979) was the president of Republic of Korea from 1961 to 1979. ... Chun Doo-hwan (Korean hangul: ì „ë‘í™˜; hanja: å…¨æ–—ç…¥; revised: Jeon Duhwan; McCune-Reischauer: ChÅn Tuhwan; born 18 January 1931) was a Korean military officer and the President of South Korea from 1980 to 1988. ... Roh Tae-woo (born December 4, 1942 in Daegu, South Korea), a Korean general and politician. ... Gyeongsang (Gyeongsang-do) was one of the eight provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. ... Jeolla (Jeolla-do) was one of the eight provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. ...

Kim's inauguration marked the first time in Korean history that a ruling party peacefully transferred power to a democratically elected opposition victor. This is because the leftists have never been in power in Korea until Kim's administration. Kim's successor, Roh Moo Hyun, is also a leftist and is the current President.

Presidency

Kim Dae-jung took office in the midst of the economic crisis that hit South Korea in the final year of Kim Young-sam's term. He vigorously pushed economic reform and restructuring recommended by the International Monetary Fund, in the process significantly altering the landscape of South Korean economy. In effect, his policies were to make for a fairer market by holding the powerful chaebol (conglomerates) accountable, e.g., greater transparency in accounting practices. State subsidies to large corporations were dramatically cut or dropped. His administration is credited by some with overseeing a recovery from the Asian Financial Crisis although many believe that a recovery was inevitable and he actually hampered a full recovery (See below). Currency 1 South Korean Won (W) = 100 Jeon(ChÅn) (theoretical) Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations APEC, WTO and OECD Statistics [1] GDP ranking 12th by volume (at PPP) (2005); GDP $1. ...

His policy of engagement with North Korea has been termed the Sunshine Policy. In 2000, he participated in the first North-South presidential summit with North Korea's leader Kim Jong-il, which later led to his winning the Nobel Peace Prize. The North Korean leader, however, never kept his promise to reciprocate by visiting South Korea. North Korea has not reduced the heavy presence of troops in the DMZ and has continued to work on developing nuclear weapons, which it tested in October 2006. During Kim's administration, North Korean naval vessels intruded into South Korean waters and fired upon a South Korean naval vessel without warning, killing and wounding South Korean sailors. Kim was criticized for not demanding an apology from North Korea and going to Japan to attend a World Cup soccer match in the wake of the gunbattle between the two Koreas. The Sunshine Policy is the current South Korean doctrine towards North Korea. ... Kim Jong-il (also written as Kim Jong Il [1]) (Korean: ê¹€ì •ì¼) (born February 16, 1941) is the leader of Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, a position he has held since 1994. ... Lester B. Pearson after accepting the Nobel Peace Prize The Nobel Peace Prize is the name of one of five Nobel Prizes bequested by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel. ...

Kim completed his 5-year presidential term in 2003. A presidential library at Yonsei University was built to preserve Kim's legacy, and there is a convention center named after him in the city of Gwangju, the Kim Dae-jung Convention Center. Yonsei University is a private university in Seoul, South Korea. ...

Post-Presidency

Kim has actively called for restraint against the North Koreans for detonating a nuclear weapon and defended the continued Sunshine policy towards Pyongyang to defuse the crisis. North Korea, officially the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (DPRK; Korean: Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk; Hangul: 조선민주주의인민공화국; Hanja: 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國), is a country in eastern Asia... Pyongyang is the capital city of North Korea, located on the Taedong River, at (39. ...

Criticisms of Kim Dae Jung

Kim is by no means universally admired. He enjoys an extremely high level of support in the Southwestern Jeolla province, where he routinely received close to 100% of the popular vote in elections. In the rest of the country, he is often a target of scathing criticism by the conservatives, who constitute the majority of the population. Kim is known for his superb oratorial skills and is often characterized as a demagogue and a populist rabblerouser. To rally support, he has often resorted to inflammatory rhetoric pitting the Jeolla province against the wealthier Gyeonsang Province and has also been accused of instigating the Kwangju armed uprising, which led to a bloody suppression by the military. He was tried and found guilty of sedition charges for the Kwangju uprising, although he was pardoned later. On at least three occasions over two decades, he publicly renounced any further interest in politics, only to come back and run for Presidency once more. He was finally elected President on his fourth attempt.

While Kim credits himself with recovery from the Asian financial crisis, others point out that the recovery was only partial and was most likely inevitable given the underlying strength of the Korean economy. It has been argued by prominent economists, such as Martin Felstein of Harvard University, that the crisis was largely financial in nature, not arising from a fundamental defect in the growth-oriented market economy propelled by large corporations, which resembled the Japanese economy from two decades earlier. By blaming and suppressing the large corporations, Kim Dae Jung's administration may have sapped the country of potential for sustained high-rate growth. Numerous corporations which had enjoyed robust growth went under during Kim's Presidency, particularly the ones whose owners publicly disagreed with Kim's business policies. Newpapers critical of the administration, including the Chosun Ilbo, Donga Ilbo, and Korean Central Daily, were targeted for tax audits and the owners jailed for tax evasion.

His Sunshine Policy is today considered by many to be a glaring failure, having only provided sufficient cash for North Korea to maintain its totalitarian regime and develop nuclear weapons. There has been little factual evidence that the North Korean regime has made any progress in human rights, about which Kim has been notoriously silent. Indeed, Kim may have committed illegal acts while funneling large sums of state money to North Korea without the knowledge of the National Assembly or the Korean public. While many have called for a special prosecutor to investigate the charges, no extensive formal investigation has taken place with the leftists remaining in power in the executive and legislative branches of the government. This may change in the subsequent administration as the level of support for both the current President and the ruling party have dropped well below 15% while the conservatives have enjoyed an upsurge of support to nearly 50%.

See also

This article is part of or related to the Liberalism series Categories: Politics stubs | Liberal related stubs | Liberalism by country | South Korean political parties ... 1973 Kidnapping of Kim Dae-Jung refers to the incident that occured on 8 August 1973 in Tokyo, Japan, which involved the kidnapping of Kim Dae-Jung, a South Korean politician and later President of South Korea. ... There were widespread allegations of corruption during the North-South presidential summit between the two Koreas. ...

External links

Kim Young-sam (born December 20, 1927 in Geoje, South Gyeongsang) was the President of the Republic of Korea from February 25, 1993 to February 25, 1998. ... The President is head of state of South Korea. ... Roh Moo-hyun (born September 1, 1946 in Gimhae, South Gyeongsang) has been the President of South Korea since February 25, 2003. ...

Nobel Peace Prize: Laureates (1976–2000)

1976: B.Williams, Corrigan | 1977: AI | 1978: Sadat, Begin | 1979: Mother Teresa | 1980: Esquivel | 1981: UNHRC | 1982: Myrdal, García Robles | 1983: Wałęsa | 1984: Tutu | 1985: IPPNW | 1986: Wiesel | 1987: Arias | 1988: UN Peacekeeping | 1989: Dalai Lama | 1990: Gorbachev | 1991: Suu Kyi | 1992: Menchú | 1993: Mandela, de Klerk | 1994: Arafat, Peres, Rabin | 1995: Pugwash Conferences, Rotblat | 1996: Belo, Ramos Horta | 1997: ICBL, J.Williams | 1998: Hume, Trimble | 1999: MSF | 2000: Kim DJ Lester B. Pearson after accepting the Nobel Peace Prize The Nobel Peace Prize is the name of one of five Nobel Prizes bequested by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel. ... Winners of the Nobel Prize are scientists, writers and peacemakers who have been awarded in their field of endeavour, and who are known collectively as either Nobel laureates or Nobel Prize winners. ... Betty Williams Betty Williams (born 22 May 1943) was a co-recipient with Mairead Corrigan of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1976 for as a cofounder of Community of Peace People, an organization dedicated to promoting a peaceful resolution to The Troubles in Northern Ireland. ... Mairead Corrigan (born 27 January 1944) was the co-founder, with Betty Williams of the Community of Peace People, an organization which attempts to encourage a peaceful resolution of the Troubles in Northern Ireland. ... Amnesty International symbol Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a non-governmental organization (NGO) comprising a worldwide movement of people who campaign for internationally recognized human rights.[1] Essentially it compares actual practices of human rights with internationally accepted standards and demands compliance where these have not... Muhammad Anwar Al-Sadat (Ù…ØÙ…Ø¯ Ø£Ù†ÙˆØ±Ø§Ù„Ø³Ø§Ø¯Ø§Øª in Arabic) (December 25, 1918 â€“ October 6, 1981) was an Egyptian politician and served as the third President of Egypt from September 28, 1970 until his assassination on October 6, 1981. ... (August 16, 1913 â€“ March 9, 1992) (Hebrew: ×žÖ°× Ö·×—Öµ× ×‘Ö°Ö¼×’Ö´×™×Ÿ) was a Polish-Jewish head of the Zionist underground group the Irgun, Nobel Peace Prize laureate and the first Likud Prime Minister of Israel. ... Mother Teresa in 1985 Mother Teresa (born Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu (August 26, 1910 â€“ September 5, 1997), Bharat Ratna, OM, was an Albanian Roman Catholic nun who founded the Missionaries of Charity in India. ... Adolfo PÃ©rez Esquivel at World Social Forum 2003 Adolfo PÃ©rez Esquivel (born November 26, 1931 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) was the recipient of the 1980 Nobel Peace Prize. ... Headquartereded in Geneva, Switzerland, the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (established December 14, 1950) protects and supports refugees at the request of a government or the United Nations and assists in their return or resettlement. ... Alva Reimer Myrdal (January 31, 1902 â€“ February 1, 1986) received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1982. ... Alfonso GarcÃa Robles (20 March 1911 â€“ 2 September 1991) was a Mexican diplomat and politician who, in conjunction with Swedens Alva Myrdal, received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1982. ... Lech WaÅ‚Ä™sa ( ; in English often ; born September 29, 1943, Popowo, Poland) is a Polish politician, a former trade union and human rights activist, and also a former electrician. ... The Most Reverend Desmond Mpilo Tutu (born 7 October 1931) is a South African cleric and activist who rose to worldwide fame during the 1980s as an opponent of apartheid. ... International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW) is a worldwide grouping of national medical organizations. ... Eliezer Wiesel (commonly known as Elie) (born September 30[1], 1928) is a world-renowned Romanian-Hungarian Jewish novelist, philosopher, humanitarian, political activist, and Holocaust survivor. ... Ã“scar Rafael de JesÃºs Arias SÃ¡nchez (born 13 September 1940, in Heredia, Costa Rica) is the current President of Costa Rica and the first Nobel Laureate from his nation. ... UN Peacekeepers in Eritrea. ... Tenzin Gyatso (Tibetan: à½–à½¦à¾Ÿà½“à¼‹à½ à½›à½²à½“à¼‹à½¢à¾’à¾±à¼‹à½˜à½šà½¼à¼‹; Wylie: Bstan-dzin Rgya-mtsho) (b. ... Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachyov ( , Mihail SergeeviÄ GorbaÄÃ«v, IPA: , commonly written as Mikhail Gorbachev; born March 2, 1931) was leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991. ... Aung San Suu Kyi (Burmese: ; MLCTS: ; IPA: ); born 19 June 1945 in Yangon (Rangoon), is a nonviolent pro-democracy activist and leader of the National League for Democracy in Myanmar (Burma), and a noted prisoner of conscience. ... Rigoberta MenchÃº Rigoberta MenchÃº (born in Chimel, Guatemala, January 9, 1959) is a member of the indigenous QuichÃ© Maya group, subject of the widely-read but controversial testimonial biography I, Rigoberta MenchÃº (1983). ... Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (IPA ) (born July 18, 1918) was the first President of South Africa to be elected in fully-representative democratic elections. ... F.W. de Klerk State President of South Africa 1989â€“1994 Deputy President of South Africa 1994â€“1996 Frederik Willem de Klerk (born March 18, 1936) was the last State President of Apartheid South Africa, serving from September 1989 to May 1994. ... Yassir Arafat (Arabic: ) August 24 or August 4, 1929 â€“ November 11, 2004), born in Cairo[1] to Palestinian parents Mohammed Abdel-Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini and also known by the kunya Abu `Ammar (Ø£Ø¨Ùˆ Ø¹Ù…Ù‘Ø§Ø±), was Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (1969â€“2004); President[1] of the Palestinian... (Hebrew: ; born Shimon Perske on August 2, 1923 in Poland, and immigrated with his family to Palestine in 1934), is an Israeli politician, former Prime Minister and current Vice Premier. ... For other people named Rabin, see Rabin (disambiguation). ... The Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs is a scientifically-oriented peace group. ... Joseph Rotblats ID badge photo from Los Alamos. ... Bishop Carlos Belo (left) Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo SDB (born February 3, 1948) is a Roman Catholic bishop who received, together with JosÃ© Ramos Horta, the 1996 Nobel Peace Prize, for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor. The fifth child of Domingos... JosÃ© Manuel Ramos Horta (born December 26, 1949) has been Foreign Minister of East Timor since independence in 2002, having previously been a spokesman for the East Timorese resistance in exile during the years of Indonesian occupation between 1975 and 1999. ... State Parties to the Ottawa Treaty The International Campaign to Ban Landmines is a coalition of non-governmental organizations whose goal is to abolish the production and use of anti-personnel mines. ... Jody Williams (born October 9, 1950 in Putney, Vermont) is an American teacher and aid worker who received the 1997 Nobel Peace Prize jointly with the campaign she led, the International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL). ... John Hume John Hume (born 18 January 1937) is a Northern Irish politician, and co-recipient of the 1998 Nobel Peace Prize, with David Trimble of the UUP. He was the second leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party, a position he held from 1979 until 2001. ... The Lord Trimble William David Trimble, Baron Trimble (born 15 October 1944) is a Northern Irish politician who served as leader of the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) and the first First Minister of Northern Ireland. ... MÃ©decins Sans FrontiÃ¨res ( (helpÂ· info)) is a secular humanitarian-aid non-governmental organisation best known for its projects in war-torn regions and developing countries facing endemic disease. ...

Complete List | Laureates (1901–1925) | Laureates (1926–1950) | Laureates (1951–1975) | Laureates (2001-)

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