1911 Kinemacolor recreated from original materials.

Kinemacolor was the first successful color motion picture process, used commercially from 1908 to 1914. It was invented by George Albert Smith of Brighton, England in 1906, and launched by Charles Urban's Urban Trading Co. of London in 1908. From 1909 on, the process was known as Kinemacolor. It was a two-color additive color process, photographing and projecting a black-and-white film behind alternating red and green filters. Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... For other uses see film (disambiguation) Film refers to the celluliod media on which movies are printed Film — also called movies, the cinema, the silver screen, moving pictures, photoplays, picture shows, flicks, or motion pictures, — is a field that encompasses motion pictures as an art form or as... George Albert Smith (1864-1959) was an inventor, a stage hypnotist, psychic, astronomer and magic lantern lecturer. ... Brighton is located on the south coast of England, and together with its immediate neighbour Hove forms the city of Brighton and Hove. ... Charles Urban (April 15, 1867 - August 29, 1942) was an Anglo-American film producer and distributor, and one of the most significant figures in UK cinema before the First World War. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Additive color mixing: adding red to green yields yellow; adding yellow to blue yields white. ...

The Process

"How to Make and Operate Moving Pictures" published by Funk and Wagnalls in 1917 notes the following: Funk and Wagnalls is a publisher based in New York City. ...

OF the many attempts to produce cinematograph pictures... the greatest amount of attention so far has been attracted by a system invented by George Albert Smith (1864-1959), and commercially developed by Charles Urban under the name of "Kinemacolor." In this system (to quote from Cassell's Cyclopædia of Photography, edited by the editor of this present book), only two colour filters are used in taking the negatives and only two in projecting the positives. The camera resembles the ordinary cinematographic camera except that it runs at twice the speed, taking thirty-two images per second instead of sixteen, and it is fitted with a rotating colour filter in addition to the ordinary shutter. This filter is an aluminium skeleton wheel... having four segments, two open ones, G and H; one filled in with red-dyed gelatine, E F; and the fourth containing green-dyed gelatine, A B. The camera is so geared that exposures are made alternately through the red gelatine and the green gelatine. Panchromatic film is used, and the negative is printed from in the ordinary way, and it will be understood that there is no colour in the film itself.

source: Widescreen Museum

Premiere of Kinemacolor

The first motion picture exhibited in Kinemacolor was an eight-minute short filmed in Brighton titled A Visit to the Seaside, which was trade shown in September 1908. On 26 February 1909, the general public first saw Kinemacolor in a program of 21 short films shown at the Palace Theatre in London. February 26 is the 57th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The Palace Theatre, London, is an imposing red-brick building that dominates the west side of Cambridge Circus, and is located near the intersection of Shaftesbury Avenue and Charing Cross Road. ...

In 1910, Kinemacolor released the first dramatic film made in the process, Checkmated. The documentary film With Our King and Queen Through India (also known as The Durbar at Delhi) (1912) and the dramas The World, the Flesh, and the Devil (1914), and Little Lord Fauntleroy (1914) were the first feature films made in color. Unfortunately, these latter two features were also among the last films released by Kinemacolor. Documentary film is a broad category of visual expression that is based on the attempt, in one fashion or another, to document reality. ... With Our King and Queen Through India is a 1912 British documentary silent film. ... Delhi Durbar means Court of Delhi which took place in 1911. ... Little Lord Fauntleroy is a sentimental childrens novel by American (English-born) author Frances Hodgson Burnett, serialized in St. ... For other uses see film (disambiguation) Film refers to the celluliod media on which movies are printed Film — also called movies, the cinema, the silver screen, moving pictures, photoplays, picture shows, flicks, or motion pictures, — is a field that encompasses motion pictures as an art form or as...

Success and Decline of Kinemacolor

Kinemacolor projectors were eventually installed in some 300 cinemas in Britain, and 54 dramatic films were produced. Four dramatic short films were also produced by Kinemacolor in the United States in 1912-1913 and one in Japan, Yoshitsune Senbon Zakura (1914).

However, the company was never a success, partly due to the expense of installing special Kinemacolor projectors in theaters. Also, the process suffered from "fringing" and "haloing" of the images, an insoluble problem as long as Kinemacolor remained a successive frame process. Kinemacolor in the U.S. became most notable for its Hollywood studio being taken over by D.W. Griffith, who also took over Kinemacolor's failed plans to film Thomas Dixon's The Clansman, which eventually became The Birth of a Nation (1915). David Lewelyn Wark Griffith (January 22, 1875 - July 23, 1948) was an American film director (commonly known as D. W. Griffith) probably best known for his film The Birth of a Nation. ... Illustration from The Clansman. ... Illustration from The Clansman. ... The Birth of a Nation (also known as The Clansman) is one of the most influential and controversial films in the history of American cinema. ... // Events June 18 : The Motion Picture Directors Association (MPDA) was formed by twenty-six film directors in Los Angeles, California. ...

The first (additive) version of Prizma Color, developed by William Van Doren Kelley in the U.S. from 1913 to 1917, used some of the same principles as Kinemacolor. In the U.K., William Friese-Greene developed another additive color system for film called Biocolour. However, in 1914 George Albert Smith sued Friese-Greene for infringing Kinemacolor's patents, slowing the development of Biocolour by Friese-Greene and his son Claude in the 1920's. The Prizma Color system was a technique of color motion picture photography, invented in 1913 by William Van Doren Kelley. ... William Friese-Greene (September 7, 1855–May 5, 1921) (born William Edward Green) was a portrait photographer and prolific inventor. ... Claude Friese-Greene (1898 – 1943), British-born cinema technician and filmmaker, and notably most famous for his 1926 collection of films entitled The Open Road. ...

List of Films Made in Kinemacolor

• The Adopted Child (1911)
• Aldershot Views (1912)
• All's Well That Ends Well (1914)
• Alpes-Maritimes - Cascade de Courmes (1912)
• The Alps (1913)
• An American Invasion (1913)
• The Amorous Doctor (1911)
• Artillery Drill at West Point (1910)
• Atlantic City (1912)
• The Baby (1910)
• A Balkan Episode (1911)
• Band of Queen's Highlanders (1909)
• Big Waves at Brighton (1912)
• Biskra and the Sahara Desert (1910)
• The Blackmailer (1911)
• Boys Will Be Boys (1911)
• Brown's German Liver Cure (1911)
• The Bully (1910)
• The Burglar as Father Christmas (1911)
• Butterflies (1913)
• By Order of Napoleon (1910)
• By the Side of the Zuyder Zee (1912)
• Caesar's Prisoners (1911)
• Cairo and the Nile (1912)
• The Call of the Blood (1913)
• The Cap of Invisibility (1912)
• Carnival at Nice (1914)
• Carnival in Ceylon (1913)
• Carnival Scenes at Nice and Cannes (1909)
• Cart Horse Parade-May 31st-Regent's Park (1912)
• Castles in the Air (1912)
• Cat Studies (1908)
• Charles Barnold's Dog and Monkey (1912)
• Checkmated (1911)
• Children Forming United States Flag at Albany Capitol (1912)
• Children's Battle of Flowers at Nice (1909)
• Choosing the Wallpaper (1910)
• A Christmas Spirit (1912)
• Church Parade of the 7th Hussars and 16th Lancers (1909)
• A Cingalese Fishing Village in Ceylon (1913)
• A Citizeness of Paris (1911)
• The Clown's Sacrifice (1911)
• Coney Gets the Glad Eye (1913)
• Coney as a Peacemaker (1913)
• Coronation of George V (1911)
• The Coster's Wedding (1910)
• The Crusader (1911)
• Dandy Dick of Bishopsgate (1911)
• A Detachment of Gordon Highlanders (1909)
• Detective Henry and the Paris Apaches (1911)
• A Devoted Friend (1911)
• Egypt (1910)
• Elevating an Elephant (1913)
• An Elizabethan Romance (1912)
• Entertaining Auntie (1913)
• Esther: A Biblical Episode (1911)
• The Explorers (1913)
• The Fall of Babylon (1911)
• Farm Yard Friends (1910)
• Fate (1911)
• Fifty Miles from Tombstone (1913)
• The Fisherman's Daughter (1911)
• Floral Fiends (1910)
• The Flower Girl of Florence (1911)
• Following Mother's Footsteps (1911)
• For the Crown (1911)
• A French Duel (1911)
• From Bud to Blossom (1910)
• From Factory Girl to Prima Donna (1911)
• The Funeral of Edward VII (1910)
• Galileo (1911)
• A Gambler's Villainy (1912)
• Ganges at Benares (1913)
• The General's Only Son (1911)
• George V's Visit to Ireland (1911)
• Gerald's Butterfly (1912)
• Girl Worth Having (1913)
• Gladioli (1913)
• Potomac Falls Virginia (1910)
• Haunted Otter (1913)
• Hiawatha (1913)
• A Highland Lassie (1910)
• The Highlander (1911)
• His Brother's Keeper (1913)
• His Conscience (1911)
• His Last Burglary (1911)
• The House That Jack Built (1913)
• How to Live 100 Years (1913)
• The Hypnotist and the Convict (1911)
• Ice Cutting on the St. Lawrence River (1912)
• In Gollywog Land (1912)
• In the Reign of Terror (1911)
• Inaugurazione del Campanile di San Marco, Venice (1912)
• Incident on Brighton Beach (1909)
• Indiens sur le terrain M. A. A. A. (1910)
• The Inventor's Son (1911)
• The Investiture of the Prince of Wales at Caernarvon (1911)
• Italian Flower and Bead Vendors (1912)
• Italy (1910)
• Jack and the Beanstalk (1912)
• Jane Shore (1911)
• Japan (1913)
• Johnson at the Wedding (1911)
• Julius Caesar's Sandals (1911)
• Kinemacolor Fashion Gazette (1913)
• Kinemacolor Panama Pictures (1913)
• Kinemacolor Photo Plays (1913)
• Kinemacolor Puzzle (1909)
• Kinemacolor Songs (1911)
• The King and Queen on Their Way to Open the Victoria and Albert Museum (1912)
• The King of Indigo (1911)
• Kitty the Dressmaker (1911)
• Lady Beaulay's Necklace (1911)
• Lake Garda Northern Italy (1910)
• Launch of the S.S. Olympic (1912)
• The Letter (1909)
• Liquors and Cigars (1910)
• The Little Daughter's Letter (1911)
• Little Lady Lafayette (1911)
• Little Lord Fauntleroy (1914)
• The Little Picture Producer (1914)
• The Little Wooden Soldier (1912)
• The London Fire Brigade (1910)
• London Zoological Gardens (1910)
• Lost Collar Stud (1914)
• The Lost Ring (1911)
• Love and War in Toyland (1913)
• Love Conquers (1911)
• Love in a Cottage (1911)
• Love of Riches (1911)
• Love Story of Charles II (1911)
• Love's Strategy (1911)
• A Lucky Escape (1911)
• The Lust for Gold (1912)
• Magic Ring (1911)
• The Making of the Panama Canal (1912)
• The Marble Industry at Carrara Italy (1913)
• A Merry Monarch (1913)
• The Mighty Dollar (1912)
• The Millionaire's Nephew (1911)
• The Minstrel King (1912)
• Miscellaneous Flowers (1914)
• Mischievous Puck (1911)
• Mission Bells (1913)
• Modelling Extraordinary (1912)
• A Modern Hero (1911)
• The Modern Pygmalion and Galatea (1911)
• Motor and Yacht Boating in England (1910)
• Music Hath Charms (1911)
• Mystic Manipulations (1911)
• A Narrow Escape (1913)
• Nathan Hale (1913)
• Natural Colour Portraiture (1909)
• Naval Review at Spithead (1910)
• Nell Gwynn the Orange Girl (1911)
• Nobility (1912)
• A Noble Heart (1911)
• Normal Melbourne (1912)
• Nubia, Wadi Halfa and the Second Cataract (1911)
• Oedipus Rex (1911)
• Ofia, the Woman Spy (1912)
• The Old Guitar (1912)
• The Old Hat (1910)
• Oliver Cromwell (1911)
• Only a Woman (1912)
• Other People's Children (1913)
• Pageant of New Romney, Hythe, and Sandwich (1910)
• Paris Fashions (1913)
• The Passions of an Egyptian Princess (1911)
• The Peasants and the Fairy (1911)
• Performing Elephants (1913)
• Phil Rees' Stable Lads (1912)
• Picking Strawberries (1910)
• Pisa Italy (1913)
• Pompeii (1912)
• The Power of Prayer (1913)
• The Priest's Burden (1911)
• The Princess of Romana (1913)
• The Rabbits-Sheep-Carrots for the Donkey (1909)
• Rambles in Paris (1913)
• Reaping (1909)
• The Rebel's Daughter (1911)
• Representatives of the British Isles (1909)
• Reptiles (1912)
• Review of Troops by George V (1910)
• Revues des Boy Scouts a Montreal (1910)
• The Richmond Horse Show (1910)
• The Rivals (1913)
• Riviera Coast Scenes (1909)
• Riviera Fisher Folk (1909)
• Robin Hood (1913)
• A Romance of the Canadian Wilds (1910)
• Romani the Brigand (1912)
• Royal Ascot (1912)
• A Run with the Exmoor Staghounds (1912)
• Sailing and Motor Boat Scenes at Southwick (1909)
• Samson and Delilah (1911)
• Santa Claus (1913)
• Saved from the Titanic (1912) - [only two scenes were shot using kinemacolor]
• The Scarlet Letter (1913)
• Scenes a Montreal comprenant le Gymkhana (1910)
• Scenes in Algeria (1910)
• Scenes on the Mediterranean (1913)
• A Scrap of Paper (1913)
• A Seaside Comedy (1912)
• The Silken Thread (1911)
• Simpkin's Dream of a Holiday (1911)
• Small Game at the Zoo (1912)
• Soldiers' Pet (1909)
• Spreewald (1913)
• St. John the Baptist (1912)
• Stage Struck (1913)
• Steam (1910)
• The Story of the Orange (1913)
• The Story of the Wasp (1914)
• Strange Mounts (1912)
• Suffragette's Parade in Washington, D.C. (1913)
• The Sugar Industry of Jamaica (1913)
• Sunset on the Nile (1913)
• Swank and the Remedy (1911)
• Swans (1909)
• Sweet Flowers (1909)
• Tartans of Scottish Clans (1906)
• Telemachus (1911)
• Three Cape Girls (1912)
• The Tide of Fortune (1912)
• Theodore Roosevelt (1912)
• There Is a God (1913)
• Tobogganing in Switzerland (1913)
• La Tosca (1911) with Lillian Russell based on the play by Victorien Sardou
• A Tragedy of the Olden Times (1911)
• Trilby and Svengali (1911)
• A Trip Up Mount Lowe USA (1913)
• A True Briton (1912)
• Two Can Play at the Same Game (1911)
• The Two Chorus Girls (1911)
• Two Christmas Hampers (1911)
• Two Clowns (1906)
• The Two Rivals (1912)
• Uncle's Picnic (1911)
• The Unveiling of the Queen Victoria Memorial (1911)
• The Vandal Outlaws (1912)
• Venice and the Grand Canal (1910)
• The Vicissitudes of a Top Hat (1912)
• View of Brighton Front (1909)
• A Visit to Aldershot (1909)
• A Visit to the Seaside (1908)
• Visite de son Altesse Royale le Duc de Connaught a Montreal (1910)
• Voyage de Liverpool a Vancouver via Montreal (1910)
• Washington's Home and Grounds at Mount Vernon (1910)
• Water Carnival at Villefranche-sur-Mer (1909)
• Waves and Spray (1909)
• William Howard Taft (1912)
• William Tell (1914)
• Winter in Moscow (1913)
• Winter Sports at Are (1913)
• With Our King and Queen Through India (The Durbar at Delhi) (1912)
• The Wizard and the Brigands (1911)
• Women Draped in Patterned Handkerchiefs (1908)
• The World, the Flesh, and the Devil (1914)
• Yoshitsune Senbon Zakura (Japan, 1914)

Aldershot is a town in the English county of Hampshire, located on heathland approximately 55 km (35 miles) southwest of London. ... Alls Well That Ends Well is a comedy by William Shakespeare, and is often considered one of his problem plays, so-called because they cannot be easily classified as tragedy or comedy. ... Alpes_Maritimes is a département in the extreme southeast corner of France. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Alternate meanings: West Point (disambiguation). ... Map of Atlantic City in Atlantic County Coordinates: Country United States State New Jersey County Atlantic Incorporated March 1854 Government  - Mayor Bob Levy Area  - City  17. ... Brighton is located on the south coast of England, and together with its immediate neighbour Hove forms the city of Brighton and Hove. ... 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Location in Albany County and the State of New York Coordinates: , , Country United States State New York County Albany Founded 1614 Incorporated 1686 Government  - Mayor Gerald D. Jennings (D) Area  - City  21. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 - 20 January 1936) was the first British monarch belonging to the House of Windsor, as a result of his creating it from the British branch of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. ... Looking north from a pedestrian bridge across Bishopsgate Bishopsgate, in the heart of Londons financial district. ... Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, King of the Commonwealth Realms, and the Emperor of India. ... 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Venice (Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venezsia, Latin: Venetia) is a city in northern Italy, the capital of region Veneto, and has a population of 271,663 (census estimate January 1, 2004). ... Brighton is located on the south coast of England, and together with its immediate neighbour Hove forms the city of Brighton and Hove. ... Edward VIII (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David; later The Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor; 23 June 1894 – 28 May 1972) was King of Great Britain, Ireland, the British Dominions beyond the Seas, and Emperor of India from the death of his father, George V (1910–36), on 20... Caernarfon, 2002 Caernarfon (the original Welsh spelling is now normally used in preference over the Anglicised form, Caernarvon or Carnarvon) is a Royal Town in Gwynedd in north-west Wales. ... 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Carrara is a city in the Massa Carrara province of Tuscany, Italy, famous for the white or blue-gray marble quarried there. ... For the U.S. Congressman, see Nathan W. Hale. ... Categories: UK geography stubs ... Nell Gwyn (or Gwynn or Gwynne), (February 1650 - 14 November 1687), the most famous of the many mistresses of King Charles II, was called pretty, witty Nell by Samuel Pepys. ... View of Lake Nasser from Abu Simbel Map showing the location of Lake Nasser Lake Nasser (Arabic: Buhayrat Nasir) is a vast artificial lake in southern Egypt and northern Sudan. ... Wadi Halfa is a town in Northern State, Sudan, on the shores of Lake Nuba (the Sudanese section of Lake Nasser). ... Oedipus the King (also known as Oedipus Rex and Oedipus Tyrannos) is a Greek tragedy, written by Sophocles around 427 BC. The play was the second of Sophocles three Theban plays to be produced, but its events occur before those of Oedipus at Colonus or Antigone. ... Oliver Cromwell (April 25, 1599–September 3, 1658) was an English military and political leader best known for making England a republic and leading the Commonwealth of England. ... Map sources for New Romney at grid reference TR0624 New Romney is a small seaside town in Kent, England. ... Hythe (pronounced ) is a small coastal market town on the edge of Romney Marsh, in the District of Shepway (derived from Sheep Way) on the south coast of Kent. ... An Italian sandwich. ... This article discusses the Italian city. ... Pompeii is a ruined Roman city near modern Naples in the Italian region of Campania, in the territory of the comune of Pompei. ... George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 - 20 January 1936) was the first British monarch belonging to the House of Windsor, as a result of his creating it from the British branch of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. ... 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Nickname: Motto: Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All) Location of Washington, D.C., in relation to the states Maryland and Virginia Coordinates: Country United States Federal District District of Columbia Government  - Mayor Adrian M. Fenty (D)  - City Council Chairperson: Vincent C. Gray (D) Ward 1: Jim Graham (D) Ward 2: Jack... Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. ... La Tosca (or simply Tosca) is a three-act opera by Giacomo Puccini. ... Lillian Russell (Helen Louise Leonard) (December 4, 1860 - June 6, 1922) was an American actress and singer. ... Victorien Sardou (September 5, 1831 - November 8, 1908) was a French dramatist. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Mount Lowe is a mountain on the southern fold of the San Gabriel Mountains. ... Victoria Memorial Victoria Memorial is a sculpture in London, in front of Buckingham Palace. ... Venice (Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venezsia, Latin: Venetia) is a city in northern Italy, the capital of region Veneto, and has a population of 271,663 (census estimate January 1, 2004). ... --68. ... Brighton is located on the south coast of England, and together with its immediate neighbour Hove forms the city of Brighton and Hove. ... Aldershot is a town in the English county of Hampshire, located on heathland approximately 55 km (35 miles) southwest of London. ... Nickname: Motto: Concordia Salus (in unity, prosperity) Coordinates: , Country Canada Province Quebec Founded 1642 Established 1832 Government  - Mayor Gérald Tremblay Area [1][2][3]  - City 365. ... Liverpool skyline. ... Vancouver (pronounced: ) is a city located in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. ... Nickname: Motto: Concordia Salus (in unity, prosperity) Coordinates: , Country Canada Province Quebec Founded 1642 Established 1832 Government  - Mayor Gérald Tremblay Area [1][2][3]  - City 365. ... Back of the main house. ... Villefranche-sur-Mer (Niçard: Vilafranca de Mar, Italian: Villafranca Marittima) is a small town and commune in the Alpes-Maritimes département. ... William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857 – March 8, 1930) was an American politician, the 27th President of the United States, the 10th Chief Justice of the United States, a leader of the progressive conservative wing of the Republican Party in the early 20th century, a pioneer in international arbitration and... Statue of William Tell and his Son in Altdorf, Switzerland (Richard Kissling, 1895). ... Position of Moscow in Europe Coordinates: , Country District Subdivision Russia Central Federal District Federal City Government  - Mayor Yuriy Luzhkov Area  - City 1,081 km²  (417. ... Ã…re (pronounced ore-reh) is both a municipality in Jämtland County in northwest Sweden, and a village therein. ... With Our King and Queen Through India is a 1912 British documentary silent film. ...

See Also

• Color film (motion picture)
• List of color film systems
• List of film formats

35 mm film frames from color film print (positive) with optical sound track (no digital sound tracks present). ... This is a list of color film formats known to have been developed for shooting or viewing color motion pictures since the development of such photographic technology towards the end of the 19th century. ... This is a list of film formats known to have been developed for shooting or viewing motion pictures since the development of such photographic technology towards the end of the 19th century. ...

External Links

• Kinemacolor at the Internet Movie Database
• Kinemacolor frames of William Howard Taft