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Proprioception (from Latin proprius, meaning "one's own") is the sense of the position of parts of the body, relative to other neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the five exteroception human senses of sight, taste, smell, touch, and hearing, that advise us of the outside world, proprioception is a sense that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether or not your body is moving with required effort as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other. Latin - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ...
Senses are the physiological methods of perception. ...
Senses are the physiological methods of perception. ...
Senses are the physiological methods of perception. ...
Visual perception is one of the senses, consisting of the ability to detect light and interpret (see) it as the perception known as sight or naked eye vision. ...
Taste is one of the most common and fundamental of the senses in life on Earth. ...
Olfaction, the sense of smell, is the detection of chemicals dissolved in air (or, by animals that breathe water, in water). ...
This article concerns physical and human touch. ...
Hearing is one, the auditory, of the traditional five senses, and refers to the ability to detect sound. ...
Kinesthesia is another term that is often used interchangeably with proprioception. Some users differentiate the kinesthetic sense from proprioception by excluding the sense of equilibrium or balance from kinethesia. An inner ear infection, for example, might impact the sense of balance. This would impact the proprioceptive sense, but not the kinesthetic sense. The infected person would be able to walk, but only by using their sense of sight to maintain balance; they would be unable to walk with their eyes closed. For an alternative meaning, see ear (botany). ...
Basis
The proprioceptive sense is believed to be composed of information from sensory neurons located in the inner ear (motion and orientation) and in the joints and muscles (stance). There are specific nerve receptors for this form of perception, just like there are specific receptors for pressure, light/dark, temperature, sound, and other sensory experiences. Information is a term with many meanings depending on context, but is as a rule closely related to such concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication, representation, and mental stimulus. ...
Senses are the physiological methods of perception. ...
Neurons (also called nerve cells) are the primary cells of the nervous system. ...
See also Labyrinth, an article treating the mythical maze that imprisoned the Minotaur. ...
A muscle spindle is a specialized muscle structure innervated by both sensory and motor neuron axons. ...
Applications Proprioception is tested by police officers using the field sobriety test where the subject is required to touch his nose with his eyes closed. People with normal proprioception may make an error of no more than 2 cm. People with severely impaired proprioception may have no clue as to where their hands (or noses) are without looking.
Proprioception is what allows someone to learn to walk in complete darkness without bumping into the furniture. During the learning of any new skill, sport, or art, it is usually necessary to become familiar with some proprioceptive concerns specific to that activity. Without the appropriate integration of proprioceptive input, an artist would not be able to brush paint onto a canvas without looking at the hand as it moved the brush over the canvas; it would be impossible to drive an automobile because a motorist would not be able to steer or use the foot pedals while looking at the road ahead; we could not touch type or perform ballet; and one would not even be able to walk without literally "watching where you put your feet". For information on the U.S. borough, see Paint, Pennsylvania. ...
A small variety of cars, the most popular kind of automobile. ...
Touch typing is typing using the sense of touch rather than sight to find the keys. ...
The proprioceptive sense can be sharpened through study of many disciplines. The Alexander Technique and related methods use the study of mannerisms to directly enhance kinesthetic judgment of effort and location. Juggling trains reaction time and spatial location. The Alexander Technique is a study of freeing response that is taught by studying ones own mannerisms of posture. ...
In its general sense, juggling can refer to all forms of artful or skillful object manipulation. ...
Oliver Sacks once reported the case of a young woman who lost her proprioception due to a viral infection of her spinal cord. At first she was not able to move properly at all. Later she relearned by using her sight (watching her feet) and vestibulum (or inner ear) only. She eventually acquired a stiff and slow movement, which is believed to be the best possible in the absence of this sense. Oliver Sacks (born July 9, 1933, London) is a neurologist who has written popular books about his patients. ...
The spinal cord is a part of the vertebrate nervous system that is enclosed in and protected by the vertebral column (it passes through the spinal canal). ...
Vestibule can have the following meanings: A large entrance, reception area, antechamber, or room A small room or passage that connects the outer door of a building to the interior of the building An area in a train where people get on and off. ...
For an alternative meaning, see ear (botany). ...
Impairment Apparently, temporary loss or impairment of proprioception may happen periodically during growth, mostly during adolescence. Possible experiences include: suddenly feeling that feet or legs are missing from your mental self-image; the need to look down at arms, hands, legs, etc. to convince yourself that they are still there; falling down while walking, especially when attention is focused upon something other than the act of walking (e.g., looking at a person who started talking or reading a billboard).
The proprioceptive sense can become confused because humans will adapt to a continuously-present stimulus; this is called habituation or desensitization. The effect is that it seems as though proprioceptive sensory impressions disappear, just as a scent seems to disappear when a person smells it for a prolonged period of time. One practical advantage of this is that unnoticed actions or sensation continue in the background while an individual's attention can move to another concern. Alexander Technique addresses these issues. Habituation is an example of associative learning in which there is a progressive diminution of behavioural response probability with repetition of a stimulus. ...
Desensitization is a method to reduce or eliminate an organisms negative reaction to a substance or stimulus. ...
The Alexander Technique is a study of freeing response that is taught by studying ones own mannerisms of posture. ...
People who have a limb amputated may still have a sense of that limb; this is termed a phantom limb. This phenomenon is not limited to one sensation, however. Phantom sensations can occur that are perceived as movement, pressure, pain, itching, or hot/cold as well. (Note: The work of V. S. Ramachandran indicates that despite popular belief, the phantom limb phenomena is actually the result of neural signal bleed through the brain's sensory maps, rather than from stimulation of nerves.) Amputation is the removal of a body extremity by trauma or surgery. ...
The gate control theory of pain of Ron Melzack and Patrick Wall arises from evolutionary psychology. ...
There is one known case of a person losing her entire proprioceptive sense, which is one of the cases discussed in Oliver Sacks' book The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat. Oliver Sacks (born July 9, 1933, London) is a neurologist who has written popular books about his patients. ...
The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat is a book by Oliver Sacks describing the case studies of some of Dr Sackss patients. ...
Temporary impairment has also been known to occur due to an overdose of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine and pyridoxamine). Most of the impaired function discontinues shortly after the intake of vitamins returns to normal. Impairment can also be caused by cytotoxic factors such as chemotherapy. The two major forms of vitamin B6 are pyridoxine and pyridoxamine. ...
Cytotoxicity is the quality of being poisonous to cells. ...
Chemotherapy (pronounced keem-o-therapy) is the use of certain drugs to treat disease, as distinct from other forms of treatment, such as surgery. ...
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