Charles III, King of Spain Silver peso (8 reales) of Carlos III, dated 1776. The Latin obverse inscription reads, CARLOS III DEI GRATIA 1776, or in English, "Carlos III, Thanks Be to God 1776." The Latin reverse inscription reads, REX M 8 RR F. M. HISPAN[IA] ET IND, or in English, "King of Spain and the Indies, Mexico City Mint, 8 Reales." The reverse depicts the Crest of Castile and León, between the Pillars of Hercules.

Spanish Royalty House of Bourbon 1700-1833 Philip V Children    Louis I    Ferdinand VI    Charles III    Mariana Victoria, Queen of Portugal    Philip, Duke of Parma    Teresa, Dauphine of France    Infante Louis    Antonia, Queen of Sardinia Louis I Ferdinand VI Charles III Children    Infanta Maria Josepha    Maria Luisa, Holy Roman Empress    Felipe, Duke of Calabria    Charles IV    Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies    Infante Gabriel    Infante Antonio Grandchild of cadet line    Infante Pedro Carlos Charles IV Children    Charlotte, Queen of Portugal    Infanta Maria Amelia    Maria Luisa, Queen of Etruria, Duchess of Parma    Ferdinand VII    Carlos, Count of Molina    Maria Isabella, Queen of the Two Sicilies    Francis Paula, Duke of Cadiz Grandchildren of cadet lines    Carlos, Count of Montemolin    Juan, Count of Montizón    Infante Fernando    Francis, Duke of Cadiz, King Consort of Spain    Henry, Duke of Sevilla    Infanta Maria Cristina    Amelia, Princess of Bavaria Ferdinand VII Children    Isabella II    Luisa Fernanda, Duchess of Montpensier Edit

Charles III (January 20, 1716 – December 14, 1788) was king of Spain 1759–1788 (as Carlos III de Borbon), King of the Two Sicilies 1735–1759 (as Carlo VII), and Duke of Parma 1732–1735 (as Carlo I). The first son of the second marriage of Philip V with Elizabeth Farnese of Parma, he was one of the so-called "enlightened monarchs". Download high resolution version (712x1000, 158 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (712x1000, 158 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The peso is a unit of currency. ... Capital no official capital of the community is defined; Valladolid however is the seat of the Regional Executive, and the Regional Parliament. ... The Pillars of Hercules Monument at Jews Gate, Gibraltar The Pillars of Hercules is the ancient name given to the promontories that flank the entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar. ... Also see:  Early Modern France The House of Bourbon is an important European royal house. ... Image File history File links Escudo_de_España. ... King Philip V of Spain (December 19, 1683 – July 9, 1746) or Philippe of Anjou was king of Spain from 1700 to 1746, the first of the Bourbon dynasty in Spain. ... King Louis of Spain - Luis in Spanish (August 25, 1707 – August 31, 1724) was the eldest son of Philip V of Spain by his first Queen consort Maria Louisa of Savoy. ... Ferdinand VI, (September 23, 1713 - August 10, 1759), king of Spain from 1746 until his death, second son of Philip V, founder of the Spanish Bourbon dynasty (as opposed to the French Bourbons), by his first marriage with Maria Louisa of Savoy, was born at Madrid on September 23 1713. ... Marianne Victoria of Bourbon (March 31, 1718 – January 15, 1781) (in Portuguese Mariana Vitória, in Spanish Mariana Victoria) was the eldest daughter of Philip V of Spain and Elizabeth Farnese. ... Philip of Bourbon, Duke of Parma (March 15, 1720 - July 18, 1765) was duke of Parma from 1748 to 1765. ... King Louis of Spain - Luis in Spanish (August 25, 1707 – August 31, 1724) was the eldest son of Philip V of Spain by his first Queen consort Maria Louisa of Savoy. ... Ferdinand VI, (September 23, 1713 - August 10, 1759), king of Spain from 1746 until his death, second son of Philip V, founder of the Spanish Bourbon dynasty (as opposed to the French Bourbons), by his first marriage with Maria Louisa of Savoy, was born at Madrid on September 23 1713. ... Maria Louisa(Spanish: Maria Luisa, German: Maria Ludovika) (24 November 1745 - 15 May 1792) was Empress consort to Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II. Maria Louisa was born in Portici, in Campania, the site of the summer palace of her parents, King Charles VII and Queen Maria Amalia of Naples and... Charles IV (November 11, 1748 - January 20, 1819) was King of Spain from December 14, 1788 until his abdication on March 19, 1808. ... King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies (January 12, 1751 - January 4, 1825). ... Mariana Vitória Josefa or Maria Ana Vitória Josefa (pron. ... Princesa dona Maria Teresa of Braganza (pron. ... Charles IV (November 11, 1748 - January 20, 1819) was King of Spain from December 14, 1788 until his abdication on March 19, 1808. ... Carlota Joaquina Teresa of Spain (25 April or 25 May 1775 - 6 January or 7 January 1830) was the eldest daughter of King Carlos IV of Spain (1748-1819) and his wife Maria Luisa of Parma (1751-1819). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Ferdinand VII (October 14, 1784 - September 29, 1833) was King of Spain from 1813 to 1833. ... Infante Carlos of Spain Don Carlos María Isidro Benito de Borbón, Infante of Spain (1788-1855) was the second surviving son of King Charles IV of Spain and of his wife, Maria Louisa of Parma. ... Francis I (Francesco Gennaro Giuseppe, August 14, 1777 – November 8, 1830) was King of the Two Sicilies from 1825 to 1830. ... Carlos Luis de Borbón y Braganza, Conde de Montemolín (January 31, 1818 - January 13, 1861) was the Carlist claimant to the throne of Spain under the name Carlos VI since his fathers abdication in 1845, when he took the title of Count of Montemolín. ... Don Juan Carlos Maria Isidro de Borbón, Count of Montizón (French: Jean Charles Marie Isidore de Bourbon, comte de Montizón) (May 15, 1822 – November 21, 1887) was the Carlist claimant to the throne of Spain from 1860 to 1887, and the Legitimist claimant to the throne of... Francis of Assisi of Bourbon ( In Spanish: Francisco de Asís de Borbón), consort of Queen Isabella II of Spain, born Aranjuez, Spain, 13 May 1822; died Épinay-sur-Seine, France, 17 April 1902), titularly King of Spain. ... Ferdinand VII (October 14, 1784 - September 29, 1833) was King of Spain from 1813 to 1833. ... Isabella II (October 10, 1830 – April 10, 1904), Isabel II in Spanish, was Queen regnant of Spain (Queen of the Spains officially from August 13, 1836, Isabella II the queen of Castile, Leon, Aragon,...) She was born in Madrid, and was the eldest daughter of Ferdinand VII, king of Spain... Infanta Doña María Luísa Fernanda of Spain (30 January 1832 - 2 February 1897) was Infanta of Spain and Duchess of Montpensier. ... January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events August 5 - In the Battle of Peterwardein 40. ... December 14 is the 348th day of the year (349th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1788 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... This is a list of Spanish monarchs—that is, rulers of the country of Spain in the modern sense of the word. ... 1759 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1788 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Two Sicilies The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (Italian: il Regno delle Due Sicilie) was the new name that the Bourbon King Ferdinand IV of Naples bestowed upon his domain (including Southern Italy and the island of Sicily) after the end of the Napoleonic Era and the full restoration... Events April 16 - The London premiere of Alcina by George Frideric Handel, his first the first Italian opera for the Royal Opera House at Covent Garden. ... The Duchy of Parma was created in 1545 from that part of the Duchy of Milan south of the Po River, as a fief for Pope Paul IIIs illegitimate son, Pier Luigi Farnese, centered around the city of Parma. ... Events February 23 - First performance of Handels Orlando, in London June 9 - James Oglethorpe is granted a royal charter for the colony of Georgia. ... King Philip V of Spain (December 19, 1683 – July 9, 1746) or Philippe of Anjou was king of Spain from 1700 to 1746, the first of the Bourbon dynasty in Spain. ... Elizabeth Farnese, queen of Spain Elizabeth Farnese (October 25, 1692 – July 11, 1766), Queen consort of Spain, also known as Isabel de Farnesio or Isabella Farnese, was the only daughter of Odoardo II Farnese, Duke of Parma. ... Country Italy Region Emilia-Romagna Province Parma (PR) Mayor Elvio Ubaldi (since May 28, 2002) Elevation 55 m Area 260 km² Population  - Total (as of December 31, 2004) 175,789  - Density 676/km² Time zone CET, UTC+1 Coordinates Gentilic Parmigiani (Parmensi are called the provinces inhabitants) Dialing code... Enlightened Absolutism (also known as benevolent despotism or enlightened despotism) is a term used to describe the actions of absolute rulers who were influenced by the Enlightenment, a historical period of the 18th and early 19th centuries. ...

King of Naples and Sicily

It was his good fortune to be sent to rule as Duke of Parma by right of his mother at the age of sixteen, and thus come under more enlightened influence than he could have found in Spain. On December 1, 1734 following his victory over the Austrians at Bitonto, he made himself master of Naples and Sicily by arms. Charles had, however, no military tastes, seldom wore uniforms, and could, only with difficulty, be persuaded to witness a review. The peremptory action of the British admiral commanding in the Mediterranean at the approach of the War of the Austrian Succession, who forced him to promise to observe neutrality under a threat to bombard Naples, made a deep impression on his mind. It gave him a feeling of hostility to the Kingdom of Great Britain which, in after-times, influenced his policy. In 1735, he resigned Parma to Emperor Charles VI in exchange for recognition as King of the Two Sicilies. The Duchy of Parma was a small Italian state between 1545 and 1802, and again from 1814 to 1860. ... December 1 is the 335th (in leap years the 336th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 8 - Premiere of George Frideric Handels opera Ariodante at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. ... Combatants Spain Austria Commanders Charles de Bourbon Unknown Strength Unknown Unknown Casualties Unknown Unknown The Battle of Bitonto was a battle of the War of Polish Succession fought on May 25, 1734 between Spain and Austria near Bitonto in Italy. ... The Bay of Naples Naples (Italian: , Neapolitan: Nàpule, from Greek Νεάπολη < Νέα Πόλις Néa Pólis New City) is the largest city in southern Italy and capital of the Campania region and the Province of Naples. ... Sicily (Sicilia in Italian, Latin, Sicilian and Spanish, Σικελία in Greek, Sqallija Maltese) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,700 km² and 5 million inhabitants. ... Admiral is the rank, or part of the name of the ranks, of the highest naval officers. ... The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ... The War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748) became inevitable after Maria Theresa of Austria had succeeded her father Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor in his Habsburg dominions in 1740, namely becoming Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, Archduchess of Austria, and Duchess of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla. ... Scotland, England, (Great) Britain and United Kingdom see British Isles (terminology). ... Events April 16 - The London premiere of Alcina by George Frideric Handel, his first the first Italian opera for the Royal Opera House at Covent Garden. ... Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI Charles VI (October 1, 1685 - October 20, 1740) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1711 to 1740 and the second son of Leopold I with his third wife Eleonore-Magdalena of Pfalz-Neuburg. ...

As King of the Two Sicilies Charles began there the work of internal reform which he afterwards continued in Spain. Foreign ministers who dealt with him agreed that he had no great natural ability, but he was honestly desirous to do his duty as king, and he showed good judgment in his choice of ministers. The chief minister in Naples, Tanucci, had a considerable influence over him. It was during his rule that the Roman cities of Herculaneum (1738) and Pompeii (1748) were re-discovered. The king encouraged the excavations and was informed about the findings even after moving to Spain. Marchese Bernardo Tanucci (Stia, near Arezzo, Tuscany, February 20, 1698 - Naples, April 29, 1793) brought enlightened government to the backward Kingdom of the Two Sicilies for Charles III and his son Ferdinand IV. Born of a poor family, but educated, thanks to a patron, at the University of Pisa, Tanucci... Herculaneum (in modern Italian Ercolano) was an ancient Roman town, located in the territory of the current commune of Ercolano. ... Pompeii (pom-pay) is a ruined Roman city near modern Naples in the Italian region of Campania, in the territory of the commune of Pompei. ...

King of Spain

On August 10, 1759, his half-brother Ferdinand VI died and Charles succeeded him as King. On October 6, 1759 he abdicated the throne of the Two Sicilies in favor of his third son, Ferdinand. August 10 is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1759 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Ferdinand VI, (September 23, 1713 - August 10, 1759), king of Spain from 1746 until his death, second son of Philip V, founder of the Spanish Bourbon dynasty (as opposed to the French Bourbons), by his first marriage with Maria Louisa of Savoy, was born at Madrid on September 23 1713. ... October 6 is the 279th day of the year (280th in leap years). ... 1759 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies (January 12, 1751 - January 4, 1825). ...

As king of Spain, his foreign policy was disastrous. His strong family feeling and his detestation of England, which was unchecked after the death of his wife, Maria Amalia of Saxony, led him into the Family Compact with France. Spain was entangled in the close of the Seven Years' War, to her great loss. In 1770 he almost ran into another war over the barren Falkland Islands. In 1779 he was, somewhat reluctantly, led to join France and the American insurgents against England, though he well knew that the independence of the English colonies must have a ruinous influence on his own American dominions. For his army he did practically nothing, and for his fleet very little except build fine ships without taking measures to train officers and men. Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London (de facto) Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2006 est. ... Maria Amalia of Saxony. ... Combatants Kingdom of Prussia Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland Electorate of Hanover Kingdom of Portugal Brunswick Hesse-Kassel Holy Roman/Austrian Empire Kingdom of France Russian Empire Kingdom of Sweden Kingdom of Spain Electorate of Saxony Kingdom of Naples and Sicily Kingdom of Sardinia The Seven Years War (1754... Battle of Chesma, by Ivan Aivazovsky. ... 1779 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

But his internal government was, on the whole, beneficial to the country. He began by compelling the people of Madrid to give up emptying their slops out of the windows, and when they objected he said they were like children who cried when their faces were washed. In 1766, his attempt to force the madrileños to adopt the French dress for public security reasons was the excuse for a riot (Motín de Esquilache) during which he did not display much personal courage. For a long time after it he remained at Aranjuez, leaving the government in the hands of his minister Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea, Count of Aranda. Not all his reforms were of this formal kind. 1766 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Esquilache Riots, by Francisco de Goya The Esquilache Riots (Motín de Esquilache) occurred in March 1766 during the rule of Charles III of Spain. ... Aranjuez is a town in the southern part of Autonomous Community of Madrid in central Spain and is the southernmost, and 48 km south of the city of Madrid. ... Don Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea, Count of Aranda (es: Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea, conde de Aranda) (1718-1798), was an eminent Aragonese statesman. ...

Charles was a thorough despot of the benevolent order, and had been deeply offended by the real or suspected share of the Jesuits in the riot of 1766. He therefore consented to the expulsion of the order, and was then the main advocate for its suppression. His quarrel with the Jesuits, and the recollection of some disputes with the pope he had had when king of Naples turned him towards a general policy of restriction of the overgrown power of the church. The number of the idle clergy, and more particularly of the monastic orders, was reduced, and the Spanish Inquisition, though not abolished, was rendered torpid. Seal of the Society of Jesus. ... The Suppression of the Jesuits in Portugal, France, the Two Sicilies, Parma and the Spanish Empire by 1767 was a product of a series of political moves rather than a theological controversy. ... The Spanish Inquisition was established in 1478 by Ferdinand and Isabella to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in their kingdoms and was under the direct control of the Spanish monarchy. ...

Equestrian statue of Charles III in Madrid.

In the meantime, much antiquated legislation which tended to restrict trade and industry was abolished; roads, canals and drainage works were carried out. Many of his paternal ventures led to little more than waste of money, or the creation of hotbeds of jobbery. Yet on the whole the country prospered. The result was largely due to the king, who even when he was ill-advised did at least work steadily at his task of government. He created the Spanish Lottery and introduced Christmas cribs following Neapolitan models. During his reign, the movement to found "Economic Societies" (a rough prototype Chamber of Commerce) was born. Location Coordinates : 40° 23’N , 3°43′0″W Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Villa de Madrid (Spanish) Spanish name Villa de Madrid Founded 9th century Postal code 28001-28080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 91 (Madrid) Website http://www. ... A traditional nativity scene from Naples, Italy A nativity scene (usually capitalized if referring to the birth of Jesus), also called a crib or crèche (meaning crib or manger in French) generally refers to any depiction of the birth or birthplace of Jesus. ... The Sociedades Económicas de Amigos del País (Economic Societies of Friends of the Country) were private associations established in various cities throughout Enlightenment Spain, and to a lesser degree in some of her colonies (the Philippines, Cuba, Chile, and elsewhere). ...

His example was not without effect on some at least of the nobles. In his domestic life King Charles was regular, and was a considerate master, though he had a somewhat caustic tongue and took a rather cynical view of mankind. He was passionately fond of hunting. During his later years he had some trouble with his eldest son and his daughter-in-law. If Charles had lived to see the beginning of the French Revolution he would probably have been frightened into reaction. As he died on the 14th of December 1788 he left the reputation of a philanthropic and philosophic king, still nicknamed "the mayor of Madrid" because of the public works there. In spite of his hostility to the Jesuits, his dislike of friars in general, and his jealousy of the Spanish Inquisition, he was a very sincere Roman Catholic, and showed much zeal in endeavouring to persuade the pope to proclaim the Immaculate Conception as a dogma necessary to salvation. i heart kate young The French Revolution was a period of major political and social change in the political history of France and Europe as a whole, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudal privileges for the aristocracy and Catholic clergy, underwent radical change to... Location Coordinates : 40° 23’N , 3°43′0″W Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Villa de Madrid (Spanish) Spanish name Villa de Madrid Founded 9th century Postal code 28001-28080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 91 (Madrid) Website http://www. ... The Spanish Inquisition was established in 1478 by Ferdinand and Isabella to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in their kingdoms and was under the direct control of the Spanish monarchy. ... Mary, mother of Jesus as the Immaculate Conception. ...

Ancestors

King Philip V of Spain (December 19, 1683 – July 9, 1746) or Philippe of Anjou was king of Spain from 1700 to 1746, the first of the Bourbon dynasty in Spain. ... Louis, the Grand Dauphin (le Grand Dauphin in French) (1 November 1661 - 14 April 1711) was the eldest son and heir of King Louis XIV of France and Queen Maria Theresa of Spain. ... Sun King redirects here. ... Some suspected Theresas death in 1683 was foul-play. ... Maria Anna of Bavaria (28 November 1660 - 20 April 1690) was also known as Dauphine Victoire. ... Ferdinand Maria, Picture from 1658 Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria (October 31, 1636 - May 26, 1679) was a Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and an elector (Kurfürst) of the Holy Roman Empire from 1651 to 1679. ... Henriette Adelaide of Savoy, (Turin, November 6, 1636 - Munich, June 13, 1676), was the wife of Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria. ... Elisabetta Farnese, queen of Spain Elizabeth Farnese (October 25, 1692 – July 11, 1766), Queen consort of Spain, also known as Isabel de Farnesio or Isabella Farnese, was the only daughter of Odoardo II Farnese. ... Ranuccio II Farnese. ... Philipp Wilhelm of Neuburg, Elector Palatine (24 November 1615 - 2 September 1690), was Count Palatine of Neuburg and Duke of Jülich and Berg from 1653 to 1690. ...

Marriage and children

Charles III married Maria Amalia of Saxony (1724-1760), daughter of Augustus III of Poland in 1738. They had 13 children; however, only seven reached adulthood: Maria Amalia of Saxony. ... Reign From 1734 until October 5, 1763 Elected In 1734 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On January 17, 1734 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Wettin Parents August II Mocny ? Consorts Marie Josepha Children Frederick Christian Date of Birth October 7, 1696 Place of...

• María Josefa (1744-1801)
• Maria Louisa (1745-1792). Married Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor.
• Philip (Felipe) (1747-1777). Duke of Calabria but excluded from succession to the throne due to his imbecility.
• Charles IV (1748-1819), through whom the Spanish branch of Bourbons continues
• Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies (1751-1825), founder of the Sicily branch of Bourbons
• Gabriel (1752-1788). Married Mariana Vitória Josefa of Portugal (daughter of Maria I of Portugal) and had issue.
• Anthony (Antonio) (1755-1817). Married his niece María Amalia, daughter of Charles IV. No issue.

Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II. Leopold II (born Peter Leopold Joseph) (May 5, 1747 – March 1, 1792) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1790 to 1792 and Grand-duke of Tuscany. ... Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II Leopold II (born Peter Leopold Joseph) (Vienna, May 5, 1747 – Vienna, March 1, 1792) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1790 to 1792 and Grand-duke of Tuscany. ... Charles IV (November 11, 1748 - January 20, 1819) was King of Spain from December 14, 1788 until his abdication on March 19, 1808. ... King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies (January 12, 1751 - January 4, 1825). ... Mariana Vitória Josefa or Maria Ana Vitória Josefa was a Portuguese infanta daughter of Quenn Maria I of Portugal and his king consort Peter III of Portugal. ... Maria I, Queen of Portugal (pron. ...

See also

• Enlightenment Spain
• Order of Charles III and Saint Fernando

The Age of Enlightenment came to Spain in the eighteenth century with the accession of King Philip V, the first Spanish king of the French Bourbon dynasty. ... Carlos III, wearing the Golden Fleece and the French Order of the Holy Spirit, prior to the Orders creation. ...

Selective bibliography

• Acton, Sir Harold (1956). The Bourbons of Naples, 1734-1825. London: Methuen. 
• Lynch, John (1989). Bourbon Spain, 1700-1808. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-14576-1. 
• Petrie, Sir Charles (1971). King Charles III of Spain: An Enlightened Despot. London: Constable. ISBN 0-09-457270-4.