The following is a list of rulers of the Principality of Calenberg, a subdivision of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg, which was later known as Hanover. Brunswick-Lüneburg was an historical state within the Holy Roman Empire. ...

Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg, 1635-1692

House of Welf, Second House of Brunswick

split off from Wolfenbüttel Brunswick-Lüneburg was an historical state within the Holy Roman Empire. ...

• William the Victorious 1432-1473

reunited with Wolfenbüttel in 1473; split off again from Wolfenbüttel in 1495

• Eric II 1495-1540
• Eric III 1540-1584

inherited by Wolfenbüttel

House of Welf, House of Hanover

split off from Wolfenbüttel The House of Hanover (the Hanoverians) were a German royal dynasty which succeeded the House of Stuart as kings of Great Britain in 1714. ...

• George 1635-1641
• Christian Louis 1641-1648
• George William 1648-1665
• John Frederick 1665-1679
• Ernest Augustus 1679-1698

Ernest Augustus received the additional title of elector in 1692. George (17 November 1582, Celle – 2 April 1641, Hildesheim) was duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg. ... George William (German: Georg Wilhelm; 26 January 1624, Herzberg am Harz – 28 August 1705, Wienhausen) was duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and ruled first over the Calenberg subdivision of the duchy, then over the Lüneburg subdivision. ... John Frederick (German: Johann Friedrich; 25 April 1625, Herzberg am Harz – 18 December 1679, Augsburg) was duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and ruled over the Calenberg subdivision of the duchy from 1665 until his death. ... Ernest Augustus (German: Ernst August; 20 November 1629, Herzberg – 23 January 1698, Herrenhausen) was duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and ruled over the Calenberg (or Hanover) subdivision of the duchy. ...

Electors of Hanover and Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg, 1692-1814

• Ernest Augustus 1692-1698
• George I Louis 1698-1727
  • became King George I of Great Britain in 1714
• George II Augustus 1727-1760
  • also King George II of Great Britain
• George III 1760-1814
  • also King George III of Great Britain (the United Kingdom from 1801)

In 1803, Hanover was occupied by France, and did not return to the control of its Elector until 1814. In the meanwhile, however, Hanoverian ministers continued to operate out of London, and maintained their own separate diplomatic service (which maintained links to countries like Austria and Prussia, with whom the United Kingdom itself was technically at war). In 1814, Hanover became a Kingdom. George I (Georg Ludwig) (28 May 1660 – 11 June 1727) was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) from 23 January 1698, and King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 1 August 1714, until his death. ... // Events August 1 - George, elector of Hanover becomes King George I of Great Britain. ... George II (George Augustus) (10 November 1683–25 October 1760) was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) and Archtreasurer and Prince-Elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 until his death. ... George III (George William Frederick) (4 June 1738 – 29 January 1820) was King of Great Britain, and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until 1 January 1801, and thereafter King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death. ... The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 The word Prussia (German: Preußen, Polish: Prusy, Lithuanian: Prūsai, Latin: Borussia) has had various (often contradictory) meanings: The land of the Baltic Prussians (in what is now parts of southern Lithuania, the Kaliningrad exclave of Russia and...

Kings of Hanover, 1814-1866

• George III of the United Kingdom 1814-1820
• George IV of the United Kingdom 1820-1830
• William IV of the United Kingdom 1830-1837

The thrones of the United Kingdom and Hanover diverged in 1837 as Hanover, unlike the U.K., was under the Salic law, and so did not pass to Queen Victoria. Her uncle, the Duke of Cumberland, succeeded as George III (George William Frederick) (4 June 1738 – 29 January 1820) was King of Great Britain, and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until 1 January 1801, and thereafter King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death. ... George IV (George Augustus Frederick) (12 August 1762 – 26 June 1830) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and Hanover from 29 January 1820. ... William IV (William Henry) (21 August 1765 – 20 June 1837) was King of the United Kingdom and of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until his death. ... This article contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ... Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria) (24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837, and Empress of India from 1 January 1877, until her death. ...

• Ernest I of Hanover (or Ernst August I) 1837-1851
• George V of Hanover 1851-1866

Hanover was annexed by Prussia in 1866 as a result of Hanover's participation on Austria's side in the Austro-Prussian (or Seven Weeks') War. Ernest Augustus I of Hanover Ernest Augustus I, King of Hanover (5 June 1771 - 18 November 1851), also known (1799-1837) as the Duke of Cumberland was the fifth son and eighth child of King George III of the United Kingdom and Queen Charlotte. ... George V, King of Hanover and 2nd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale, Georg Friedrich Alexander Karl Ernst August (27 May 1819-12 June 1878) was the only son of Ernst August I, King of Hanover and 1st Duke of Cumberland, the fifth son of King George III of the United... 1866 is a common year starting on Monday. ... The Austro-Prussian War (also called the Seven Weeks War or the German Civil War) was a war fought between the Austrian Empire and Prussia in 1866 that resulted in Prussian dominance in Germany. ...

Heads of the Royal House of Hanover since 1866

• George V of Hanover 1866-1878
• Prince Ernst August (II), 3rd Duke of Cumberland 1878-1923
  • suspended as Duke of Cumberland, 1919
• Prince Ernst August III of Hanover 1923-1953
  • Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg 1913-1918
• Prince Ernest August IV of Hanover 1953-1987
• Prince Ernst August V of Hanover 1987-present
  • Husband of Princess Caroline of Monaco

See also: House of Hanover, Mayor of Hanover George V, King of Hanover and 2nd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale, Georg Friedrich Alexander Karl Ernst August (27 May 1819-12 June 1878) was the only son of Ernst August I, King of Hanover and 1st Duke of Cumberland, the fifth son of King George III of the United... Prince Ernst August (II) of Hanover, 3rd Duke of Cumberland (1878-1919) and Crown Prince of Hanover (1851-1866), Ernst August Wilhelm Adolf Georg Friedrich (21 September 1845-14 November 1923), was the eldest child and only son of King George V of Hanover and his wife, Princess Marie of... Ernst August (17 November 1887-30 January 1953), reigning Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (2 November 1913-8 November 1918), was a grandson of King George V of Hanover, whom the Prussians deposed in 1866. ... Ernest Augustus IV, Prince of Hanover (German Prinz Ernst August von Hannover; 18 March 1914 - 9 December 1987) was the eldest son of Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Princess Viktoria Luise of Prussia. ... Ernst August, Prince of Hanover (German: Prinz von Hannover, in English also known as Ernest Augustus of Hanover), styled His Royal Highness The Prince of Hanover; born 26 February 1954 in Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany) is the eldest son of Ernest Augustus IV, Prince of Hanover (1914–1987) and his... The Princess of Hanover is the eldest child of the late Prince Rainier III of Monaco and is currently heir presumptive to the principalitys throne. ... The House of Hanover (the Hanoverians) were a German royal dynasty which succeeded the House of Stuart as kings of Great Britain in 1714. ...