NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Kingdom of Cyprus

The Kingdom of Cyprus was a Roman Catholic Crusader kingdom on the island of Cyprus in the late Middle Ages. The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the medieval Crusades . ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ...

The island was conquered from Isaac Comnenus, an upstart local governor and self-proclaimed emperor claiming the Empire of Constantinople, in 1191 by King Richard I of England during the Third Crusade. Richard then sold it to the Knights Templar, who in turn sold it to King-Consort Guy of Jerusalem in 1192 after the failure of Richard's crusade and when Guy was going dispossessed from his late wife's kingdom. His brother and successor, Amalric I of Cyprus, received the royal crown and title from Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor. A small minority Roman Catholic population of the island was mainly confined to some coastal cities, such as Famagusta, as well as inland Nicosia, the traditional capital. Roman Catholics kept the reins of power and control, while the Greek inhabitants lived in the countryside; this was much the same as the arrangement in the Kingdom of Jerusalem. The independent Eastern Orthodox Church of Cyprus, with its own archbishop and subject to no patriarch, was allowed to remain on the island, but the Latin Church largely displaced it in stature and holding property. Jump to: navigation, search Isaac Comnenus was the last ruler of Cyprus before the Frankish conquest during the Third Crusade. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centred at its capital in Constantinople. ... Jump to: navigation, search // Events May 12 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. ... Jump to: navigation, search Richard I (September 8, 1157 â€“ April 6, 1199) was King of England from 1189 to 1199. ... The Third Crusade (1189â€“1192) was an attempt by European leaders to reconquer the Holy Land from Saladin. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Seal of the Knights â€” the two riders have been interpreted as a sign of poverty or the duality of monk/soldier. ... Guy of Lusignan (c. ... This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... Amalric II, king of Jerusalem from 1197 to 1205, was the brother of Guy of Lusignan. ... Portrait of Henry VI from the Codex Manesse (folio 6r). ... Jump to: navigation, search Famagusta (Turkish: GazimaÄŸusa; Greek: Î‘Î¼Î¼ÏŒÏ‡Ï‰ÏƒÏ„Î¿Ï‚, Ammochostos) is a city on the east coast of Cyprus. ... Nicosia, known locally as Lefkosia (Greek: Λευκωσία) or Lefkosa (Turkish: Lefkoşa), population 177,410 (1992), is the capital of Cyprus. ... Official language Latin, French, Italian, and other western languages; Greek and Arabic also widely spoken Capital Jerusalem, later Acre Constitution Various laws, so-called Assizes of Jerusalem The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a Christian kingdom established in the Levant in 1099 by the First Crusade. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Vladimir Icon, one of the most venerated of Orthodox Christian icons of Mary. ... The ancient Cypriot Orthodox Church is one of the sixteen independent (autocephalous) Eastern Orthodox churches, which are in communion and in doctrinal agreement with one another but not all subject to one patriarch. ... Jump to: navigation, search This article considers Catholicism in the broadest ecclesiastical sense. ...

After the death of Amalric of Lusignan, the Kingdom continually passed to a series of young boys who grew up as king. The Ibelin family, which had held much power in Jerusalem prior its downfall, acted as regents during these early years. In 1229 one of the Ibelin regents was forced out of power by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, who brought the struggle between the Guelphs and Ghibellines to the island. Frederick's supporters were defeated in this struggle by 1233, although it lasted longer in Palestine and in Europe. Frederick's Hohenstaufen descendants continued to rule as kings of Jerusalem until 1268 when Hugh III of Cyprus claimed the title and its territory of Acre for himself upon the death of Conrad III of Jerusalem, thus uniting the two kingdoms. The territory in Palestine was finally lost while Henry II was king in 1291, but the kings of Cyprus continued to claim the title. Ibelin was a castle in the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem in the 12th century (at modern Yavne, 31. ... Jump to: navigation, search Events March 18 - Sixth Crusade of Emperor Frederick II ends in truce with Sultan al-Kamil and coronation of Frederick as King of Jerusalem. ... Frederick II (left) meets al-Kamil (right). ... The Guelphs and Ghibellines were factions supporting, respectively, the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire in Italy during the 12th and 13th centuries. ... Jump to: navigation, search // Events Fortress of Kalan built. ... Jump to: navigation, search Map of the British Mandate of Palestine. ... World map showing Europe (geographically) When considered a continent, Europe is the worlds second-smallest continent in terms of area, with an area of 10,600,000 kmÂ² (4,140,625 square miles), making it larger than Australia only. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Hohenstaufen were a dynasty of Kings of Germany, many of whom were also crowned Holy Roman Emperor and Dukes of Swabia. ... Jump to: navigation, search For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century. ... Hugh of Antioch of the family of Poitiers-Aquitaine, Hugh I of Jerusalem (Hugh III of Cyprus) (died 1284), was the son of Isabella of Cyprus (daughter of Hugh I of Cyprus) and Henry of Antioch. ... Portrait of Conradin from the Codex Manesse (Folio 7r). ... Jump to: navigation, search Henry II (died August 31, 1324) was the last ruling King of Jerusalem and also ruled as King of Cyprus. ... Jump to: navigation, search For broader historical context, see 1290s and 13th century. ...

Like Jerusalem, Cyprus had a Haute Cour (High Court), although it was less powerful than it had been in Jerusalem. The island was richer and more feudal than Jerusalem, so the king had more personal wealth and could afford to ignore the Haute Cour. The most important vassal family was the multi-branch House of Ibelin. However, the king was often in conflict with the Italian merchants, especially because Cyprus had become the centre of European trade with Africa and Asia after the fall of Acre in 1291. Ibelin was a castle in the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem in the 12th century (at modern Yavne, 31. ... // Etymology World map showing Africa (geographically) The name Africa came into Western use through the Romans, who used the name Africa terra â€” land of the Afri (plural, or Afer singular) â€” for the northern part of the continent, as the province of Africa with its capital Carthage, corresponding to modern-day... Jump to: navigation, search World map showing Asia (geographically) Asia is the central and eastern part of Eurasia and worlds largest continent. ...

The kingdom eventually came to be dominated more and more in the 14th century by the Genoese merchants. Cyprus therefore sided with the Avignon Papacy in the Great Schism, in the hope that the French would be able to drive out the Italians. The Mameluks then made the kingdom a tributary state in 1426; the remaining monarchs gradually lost almost all independence, until 1489 when the last Queen, Catherine Cornaro, was forced to sell the island to Venice. Jump to: navigation, search This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right}. It is housed in the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. As a means of recording the passage of time, the 14th century was that century which... Jump to: navigation, search Location within Italy Flag of Genoa Christopher Columbus monument in Piazza Aquaverde Genoa (Italian Genova, Genoese Zena, French GÃªnes, German Genua) is a city and a seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria. ... The Papal palace in Avignon In the history of the Roman Catholic Church, the Avignon Papacy was the period from 1305 to 1378 during which the Bishop of Rome, the Pope, lived in Avignon (now a part of France) rather than in Rome. ... Historical map of the Western Schism The Western Schism or Papal Schism (Also known as the Great Schism of Western Christianity) was a split within the Catholic Church in 1378. ... An Ottoman Mamluk, from 1810 Mamluks (or Mameluks) (the Arabic word usually translates as owned, singular: مملوك plural: مماليك) comprised slave soldiers used by the Muslim Caliphs and the Ottoman Empire, and who on more than one occasion seized power for themselves. ... Events March 6 - Battle of St. ... Events March 14 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. ... Jump to: navigation, search Location within Italy Venice (Italian: Venezia), the city of canals, is the capital of the region of Veneto and of the province of Venice, 45Â°26â€² N 12Â°19â€² E, population 271,663 (census estimate 2004-01-01). ...

List of Kings of Cyprus

Guy of Lusignan (c. ... This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... Events November 20 - Palermo falls to Henry VI, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire December 25 - Henry VI is crowned king of Sicily. ... Amalric II (1145–April 1, 1205), King of Jerusalem 1197–1205, was the brother of Guy of Lusignan. ... Events November 20 - Palermo falls to Henry VI, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire December 25 - Henry VI is crowned king of Sicily. ... Events January 6 - Philip of Swabia becomes King of the Romans April 14 - Battle of Adrianople (1205) between Bulgars and Latins August 20 - Following certain news of Baldwin Is death, Henry of Flanders is crowned Emperor of the Latin Empire Births Deaths July 13 Hubert Walter Archbishop of Canterbury... Hugh I of Cyprus (born 1194 or 1195, died 1218) succeeded to the throne of Cyprus in 1205 underage upon the death of his elderly father Amalric of Lusignan, King of Cyprus and King-Consort of Jerusalem. ... Events January 6 - Philip of Swabia becomes King of the Romans April 14 - Battle of Adrianople (1205) between Bulgars and Latins August 20 - Following certain news of Baldwin Is death, Henry of Flanders is crowned Emperor of the Latin Empire Births Deaths July 13 Hubert Walter Archbishop of Canterbury... Jump to: navigation, search // Events Damietta is besieged by the knights of the Fifth Crusade. ... Henry I of Cyprus (1217-1253) ruled the Kingdom of Cyprus underage from January 10, 1218 to 1253. ... Jump to: navigation, search // Events Damietta is besieged by the knights of the Fifth Crusade. ... For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century. ... Hugh II (1253-1267) was king of Cyprus and, from the age of 5 years, also Regent of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. ... For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century. ... Jump to: navigation, search For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century. ... Hugh of Antioch of the family of Poitiers-Aquitaine, Hugh I of Jerusalem (Hugh III of Cyprus) (died 1284), was the son of Isabella of Cyprus (daughter of Hugh I of Cyprus) and Henry of Antioch. ... Jump to: navigation, search For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century. ... Jump to: navigation, search // Events War and politics King Charles II of Naples is captured in a naval battle off Naples by Roger of Lauria, admiral to King Peter III of Aragon. ... Jump to: navigation, search John I of Cyprus, John II of Jerusalem (1259 â€“ May 20, 1285) was the eldest son of Hugh III of Cyprus and Isabella of Ibelin. ... Jump to: navigation, search // Events War and politics King Charles II of Naples is captured in a naval battle off Naples by Roger of Lauria, admiral to King Peter III of Aragon. ... Jump to: navigation, search For broader historical context, see 1280s and 13th century. ... Jump to: navigation, search Henry II (died August 31, 1324) was the last ruling King of Jerusalem and also ruled as King of Cyprus. ... Jump to: navigation, search For broader historical context, see 1280s and 13th century. ... Events March 25 - Robert the Bruce becomes King of Scotland June 19 - Forces of Earl of Pembroke defeat Bruces Scottish rebels at the Battle of Methven Philip IV of France exiles all the Jews from France and confiscates their property In London, a city ordinance degrees that heating with... Jump to: navigation, search Amalric, Prince of Tyre (c. ... Events March 25 - Robert the Bruce becomes King of Scotland June 19 - Forces of Earl of Pembroke defeat Bruces Scottish rebels at the Battle of Methven Philip IV of France exiles all the Jews from France and confiscates their property In London, a city ordinance degrees that heating with... Jump to: navigation, search Events May 11 - In France, 64 members of the Knights Templar are burned at the stake for heresy Abulfeda becomes governor of Hama. ... Jump to: navigation, search Events May 11 - In France, 64 members of the Knights Templar are burned at the stake for heresy Abulfeda becomes governor of Hama. ... Jump to: navigation, search Events Publication of Defensor pacis by Marsilius of Padua Mansa Kankan Musa I, ruler of the Mali Empire arrives in Cairo on his hajj or pilgrimage to Mecca. ... Hugh IV was King of Cyprus from 1324 to 1359 and, nominally, King of Jerusalem, as Hugh II. The son of Guy of Lusignan, Hugh succeeded to the throne of Cyprus on the death of his uncle Henry II, in 1324. ... Jump to: navigation, search Events Publication of Defensor pacis by Marsilius of Padua Mansa Kankan Musa I, ruler of the Mali Empire arrives in Cairo on his hajj or pilgrimage to Mecca. ... Events Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Orhan I (1326-1359) to Murad I (1359-1389) Berlin joins the Hanseatic League. ... Peter I of Cyprus (1328-17 January 1369) was King of Cyprus since his fathers abdication on him on 1358 till 1369. ... Events Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Orhan I (1326-1359) to Murad I (1359-1389) Berlin joins the Hanseatic League. ... Events King Charles V of France renounces the treaty of Brétigny and war is declared between France and England. ... Peter II of Cyprus (c 1357-1382), called The Fat, was king of Cyprus from 1369 (17. ... Events King Charles V of France renounces the treaty of Brétigny and war is declared between France and England. ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Go-Enyu of Japan, fifth and last of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders Emperor Go-Komatsu ascends to the throne of Japan John Wyclifs teachings are condemned by the Synod of London. ... James I of Cyprus (1334–September 9, 1398) was King of Cyprus 1382–1398. ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Go-Enyu of Japan, fifth and last of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders Emperor Go-Komatsu ascends to the throne of Japan John Wyclifs teachings are condemned by the Synod of London. ... Events Glendalough monastery, Wicklow Ireland destroyed. ... Janus of Cyprus (1375-1432) ruled Cyprus from 1398 to 1432. ... Events Glendalough monastery, Wicklow Ireland destroyed. ... Events June 1 - Battle of San Romano - Florence defeats Siena foundation of UniversitÃ© de Caen In the end of the Hook and Cod wars, Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut and Holland is forced by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, to abdicate all her estates in his favour; end of Hainaut... John II of Cyprus (died 1458) ruled Cyprus from 1432 to 1458. ... Events June 1 - Battle of San Romano - Florence defeats Siena foundation of UniversitÃ© de Caen In the end of the Hook and Cod wars, Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut and Holland is forced by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, to abdicate all her estates in his favour; end of Hainaut... Events January 24 - Matthias I Corvinus becomes king of Hungary Foundation of Magdalen College, University of Oxford George of Podebrady becomes king of Bohemia Pope Pius II becomes pope Turks sack the Acropolis Births February 15 - Ivan the Young, Ruler of Tver (d. ... Charlotte of Cyprus (1436-1487) was the daughter of King John II of Cyprus and Helena Palaeologus. ... Events January 24 - Matthias I Corvinus becomes king of Hungary Foundation of Magdalen College, University of Oxford George of Podebrady becomes king of Bohemia Pope Pius II becomes pope Turks sack the Acropolis Births February 15 - Ivan the Young, Ruler of Tver (d. ... Events February - Christian I of Denmark and Norway who was also serving as King of Sweden is declared deposed from the later throne. ... James II (the Bastard) of Cyprus (c. ... Events February - Christian I of Denmark and Norway who was also serving as King of Sweden is declared deposed from the later throne. ... Events Ottoman sultan Mehmed II defeats the White Sheep Turkmens lead by Uzun Hasan at Otlukbeli Axayacatl, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan invades the territory of neighboring Aztec city of Tlatelolco. ... James III of Cyprus (August 1473 - 1474) was the only child of James II of Cyprus and Catherine Cornaro. ... Events Ottoman sultan Mehmed II defeats the White Sheep Turkmens lead by Uzun Hasan at Otlukbeli Axayacatl, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan invades the territory of neighboring Aztec city of Tlatelolco. ... Events December 12 - Upon the death of Henry IV of Castile a civil war ensues between his designated successor Isabella I of Castile and her sister Juana who was supported by her husband, Alfonso V of Portugal. ... Caterina Cornaro-She was King of Cyprus from 1474 - 1489. ... Events December 12 - Upon the death of Henry IV of Castile a civil war ensues between his designated successor Isabella I of Castile and her sister Juana who was supported by her husband, Alfonso V of Portugal. ... Events March 14 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. ...

Pretenders of the Kingdom of Cyprus

Categories: Crusades | Kings of Cyprus | History of Cyprus James II (the Bastard) of Cyprus (c. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Jump to: navigation, search Charles I (1468â€“1490), surnamed the Warrior, was the Duke of Savoy from 1482 to 1490 and titular king of Cyprus, Jerusalem, and Armenia from 1485 to 1490. ... Jump to: navigation, search Charles II or Charles John Amadeus (Carlo Giovanni Amedeo in Italian) (1489-1496), was the Duke of Savoy from 1490 to 1496 but his mother Blanche of Montferrat (1472-1519) was the actual ruler as a Regent. ... Statue of Philibert II Philibert II (b. ... Philip II (b. ... This is a list of Kings of Jerusalem, from 1099 to 1291, as well as claimants to the title up to the present day. ...

Encyclopedia > Kingdom of Cyprus

List of Kings of Cyprus

Pretenders of the Kingdom of Cyprus