Princess Victoria Ka‘iulani, a member of the Kalākaua Dynasty, was in line to become Queen of Hawai‘i when her kingdom was overthrown by local American businessmen with the aid of the United States Marine Corps

The Kingdom of Hawai‘i was established in 1810 upon the unification of the smaller independent chiefdoms of O‘ahu, Maui, Moloka‘i, Lāna‘i and the Big Island of Hawai‘i through swift and bloody battles, led by a warrior chief who later would be immortalized as Kamehameha the Great. Kamehameha failed to secure a victory in Kaua‘i, his effort hampered by a storm. Eventually, Kaua‘i's chief swore allegiance to Kamehameha's rule. The unification ended the feudal society of the Hawaiian islands transforming it into a "modern", independent constitutional monarchy crafted in the tradition of European empires. Portrait of Princess Victoria Kaiulani is an unlicensed, historical artifact released into the public domain for educational use. ... Portrait of Princess Victoria Kaiulani is an unlicensed, historical artifact released into the public domain for educational use. ... 1810 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The Island of O‘ahu. ... Image of Maui taken by NASA. Maui is the second-largest of the Hawaiian Islands at 727 square miles (1883 km²). ... Image of Molokai taken by NASA. Sign greeting visitors to Molokai at exit to airport. ... Lāna‘i (usually spelled outside Hawai‘i as Lanai) is sixth largest of the Hawaiian Islands. ... Image of Hawai‘i (island) taken by NASA. The Island of Hawai‘i is one of the eight main islands that make up the state of Hawai‘i. ... This article is about the Hawaiian ruler. ... Kauai from space (NASA image) Kaua‘i (usually called Kauai outside the Hawaiian Islands) is the oldest and fourth largest of the main Hawaiian Islands, having an area of 1,446 km² . Known also as the Garden Isle, Kaua‘i lies 105 miles (170 kilometers) across the Kaua‘i Channel... Feudalism comes from the Late Latin word feudum, itself borrowed from a Germanic root *fehu, a commonly used term in the Middle Ages which means fief, or land held under certain obligations by feodati. ...

Government

‘Iolani Palace, one of many royal palaces in Hawai‘i, was built by Kalākaua who shared Kamehameha V's vision of constructing a palace to rival the residences of European monarchs

Government in the Kingdom of Hawai‘i was transformed in phases, each phase created by the promulgation of the constitutions of 1840, 1852, 1864 and 1887. Each successive constitution can be seen as a decline in the power of the monarch in favor of popularly elected representative government. The head of state and head of government in the Kingdom of Hawai‘i was the monarch. He or she oversaw the Privy Council which was charged with administration. A royal cabinet, the Privy Council consisted of ministers in charge of departments much like that of the American system. These ministers also acted as the monarch's primary advisors. Copyrighted image by George Guy available for noncommercial use. ... Copyrighted image by George Guy available for noncommercial use. ... 1840 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1852 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1864 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1887 is a common year starting on Saturday (click on link for calendar). ... A monarch is a type of ruler or head of state. ... Though a term originally coined for Republican presidents, a head of state or chief of state is now universally known as the chief public representative of a nation-state, federation or commonwealth, whose role generally includes personifying the continuity and legitimacy of the state and exercising the political powers, functions... The head of government is the leader of the government or cabinet. ... A Cabinet is a body of high-ranking members of government, typically representing the executive branch. ...

The 1840 Constitution created a bicameral parliament in charge of legislation. The two houses of the legislature were the House of Representatives (directly elected by popular vote) and the House of Nobles (appointed by the monarch with the advice of the Cabinet). The same constitution created a judiciary, charged with overseeing the courts and interpretation of laws. The Supreme Court was led by the Chief Justice, appointed by the monarch with the advice of the Cabinet. The debating chamber or hemicycle of the European Parliament in Brussels. ... Chamber of the Estates-General, the Dutch legislature. ...

The islands of Hawai‘i were divided into smaller administrative divisions: Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Maui, and Hawai‘i. Kaua‘i region included Ni‘ihau, while Maui region included Kaho‘olawe, Lāna‘i and Moloka‘i. Each administrative region was governed by a governor appointed by the monarch. Ni‘ihau, at 70 sq. ... Kaho‘olawe is the smallest of the 8 main volcanic islands in the Hawaiian Islands. ... A governor is also a device that regulates the speed of a machine. ...

Kamehameha Dynasty

From 1810 to 1893, the Kingdom of Hawai‘i would be ruled by two major dynastic families, the Kamehameha Dynasty and the Kalākaua Dynasty. Five members of the Kamehameha family would lead the government as its king. Two of them were direct sons of Kamehameha the Great himself. They were Liholiho (Kamehameha II) and Kauikeaouli (Kamehameha III). For a period between Liholiho and Kauikeaouli's reigns, Kamehameha the Great's primary wife, Queen Ka‘ahumanu, would rule as Queen Regent and Kuhina Nui, or Prime Minister. 1810 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1893 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Kamehameha the Great established his dynasty in 1810 upon unifying the islands of Hawaii to become the Kingdom of Hawaii. ... Princess Victoria Ka‘iulani, a member of the Kalakaua Dynasty, was in line to become Queen of Hawai‘i when her kingdom was overthrown by local American businessmen with the aid of the United States Marine Corps The Kingdom of Hawai‘i was established in 1810 upon the unification of... Kuhina Nui was the name of an office in the Kingdom of Hawaii. ... A prime minister may be either: the chief or leading member of the cabinet of the top-level government in a country having a parliamentary system of government; or the official, in countries with a semi-presidential system of government, appointed to manage the civil service and execute the directives...

Dynastic rule by the Kamehameha family tragically ended in 1872 with the death of Lot (Kamehameha V). Upon his deathbed, he summoned Princess Bernice Pauahi Bishop to declare his intentions of making her heir to the throne. She was the last direct Kamehameha family member surviving. She refused the crown and throne in favor of a private life with her husband, Charles Reed Bishop. Lot died before naming an alternative heir. 1872 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Categories: Royal Family of Hawaii | Industrialists of Hawaii | People stubs ...

• Kamehameha I, (1795-1819)
• Kamehameha II, Liholiho, (1819-1824)
• Kamehameha III, Kauikeaouli, (1825-1854)
• Kamehameha IV, Alexander Liholiho, (1854-1863)
• Kamehameha V, Lot Kapuāiwa, (1863-1872)

This article is about the Hawaiian ruler. ... 1795 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1819 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Kamehameha II succeeded the throne of the Kingdom of Hawai‘i upon the death of his father, Kamehameha I. He and his Queen Consort died in London from the measles. ... 1819 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1824 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Categories: Stub | 1814 births | 1854 deaths | Royal Family of Hawaii ... 1825 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1854 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Alexander Liholiho assumed the title of Kamehameha IV, King of Hawai‘i in 1855. ... 1854 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1863 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... Kamehameha V was the last monarch of the House of Kamehameha. ... 1863 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1872 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

Elected monarchy

The refusal of Princess Bernice Pauahi Bishop to take the crown and throne as Queen of Hawai‘i forced the legislature of the Kingdom to declare an election to fill the royal vacancy. From 1872 to 1873, several distant relatives of the Kamehameha line were nominated. In a popular vote, William C. Lunalilo became Hawai‘i's first of two elected monarchs.

• William C. Lunalilo, (1873-1874)

William Charles Lunalilo, a minor member of the House of Kamehameha, was elected King of Hawaii upon the death of his cousin, Kamehameha V. William C. Lunalilo (January 31, 1835 - February 3, 1874) was king of the Kingdom of Hawai‘i from January 8, 1873 until February 3, 1874. ... 1873 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1874 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

Kalākaua Dynasty

Like his predecessor, Lunalilo failed to name an heir to the throne. He died unexpectedly after less than a year as King of Hawai‘i. Once again, the legislature of the Kingdom of Hawai‘i was forced to declare an election to fill the royal vacancy. Queen Emma, widow of Kamehameha IV, was nominated along with David Kalākaua. The 1874 election was opined to be one of the nastiest political campaign seasons ever in Hawai‘i history. Both candidates resorted to mudslinging and rumors. David Kalākaua was elected the second elected King of Hawai‘i.

Hoping to avoid uncertainty in the monarchy's future, Kalākaua proclaimed several heirs to the throne and defined a royal line of succession. His sister Lili‘uokalani would succeed the throne upon Kalākaua's death. It was indicated that Princess Victoria Ka‘iulani would follow. If she could not produce an heir by birth, Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalaniana‘ole would rule after her. Princess Kaiulani, a member of the Kalakāua Dynasty and descendant of the Kamehameha Dynasty, was in line to become Queen of Hawai‘i when her kingdom was overthrown. ... Prince Jonah Kuhio Kalanianaole is memorialized by streets, beaches, plazas and a federal building named in his honor. ...

• David Kalākaua, (1874-1891)
• Lili‘uokalani, (1891-1893)

David Kalākaua was elected by the legislature to assume the throne of the Kingdom of Hawai‘i upon the death of William Charles Lunalilo. ... 1874 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1891 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Her Majesty Lili‘uokalani, Queen of Hawai‘i Queen Lili‘uokalani of Hawai‘i (September 2, 1838 - November 11, 1917), given the Christian name Lydia Lili‘uokalani and later named Lydia K. Dominis, was the last monarch of the Kingdom of Hawai‘i. ... 1891 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1893 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawai'i

United States Marines aboard the USS Boston land in Honolulu in 1893 to forcibly remove Queen Lili‘uokalani from her position as head of state and government of Hawai‘i. On November 23, 1993, President Bill Clinton signed United States Public Law 103-150 apologizing for the illegal action

Queen Lili‘uokalani inherited a monarchy that was left impotent by her brother's Bayonet Constitution of 1887. David Kalākaua's Royal Cabinet forced him at gunpoint to sign the constitution stripping the monarchy of much of its power in favor of an administration controlled by Americans. The constitution was the opening salvo to the end of the Kingdom of Hawai‘i. From the State of Hawaii archives, unlicensed, released into the public domain for historical educational purposes. ... From the State of Hawaii archives, unlicensed, released into the public domain for historical educational purposes. ... Queen Liliuokalanis protest of the Bayonet Constitution, that her brother was forced to promulgate at gunpoint, led to the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii by a committee of American citizens. ... 1887 is a common year starting on Saturday (click on link for calendar). ...

In 1893, American businessmen seeking to protect their industrial profits in the exportation of goods like sugar to the United States of America organized the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawai‘i. American troops aboard the USS Boston landed in Honolulu to help Sanford B. Dole and Lorrin A. Thurston's Committee of Safety, a 13 member council of businessmen plotting to depose Queen Lili‘uokalani. At the gunpoint of American soldiers, Queen Lili‘uokalani was removed from ‘Iolani Palace under arrest, tried by the American Judge Advocate General's Corps and then imprisoned in her own home. The fifth USS Boston, a protected cruiser, was launched 4 December 1884 by John Roach and Sons, Chester, Pennsylvania, and commissioned 2 May 1887, Captain F. M. Ramsey in command. ... Former advisor to Queen Lili‘uokalani and justice of the Hawai‘i judiciary, Sanford B. Dole assumed the role of President of the Republic of Hawai‘i. ... Lorrin A. Thurston led the overthrow of the Hawaiian kingdom in 1893. ... Committee of Safety may refer to: The Committee of Safety, the parliamentary body in England that oversaw the English Civil War The Committee of Public Safety which controlled created the French Republic and initiated the Reign of Terror One of the many Colonial American Committees of Safety established at the... Judge Advocate Generals Corps, also known as JAG, is the judicial arm of the United States armed forces, consisting of autonomous departments in the Air Force, Army and Navy. ...

Dole and his committee declared itself the provisional government and proclaimed the creation of the Republic of Hawai‘i. Dole became its president. As a republic, it was the intention of the provisional government to campaign for annexation with the United States of America. With annexation, their goods and services exported to the mainland would not be subject to American tariffs. The provisional government succeeded when in 1897, Congress approved the Treaty of Annexation creating the U.S. Territory of Hawai‘i. Dole was appointed its first governor.

• Committee of Safety
• Republic of Hawai‘i

Committee of Safety may refer to: The Committee of Safety, the parliamentary body in England that oversaw the English Civil War The Committee of Public Safety which controlled created the French Republic and initiated the Reign of Terror One of the many Colonial American Committees of Safety established at the... United States Marines stormed ‘Iolani Palace as the Provisional Government of Hawai‘i was proclaimed across the street at Ali‘iolani Hale, the opening salvo in the establishment of the Republic of Hawai‘i. ...

Royal estates

Early in its history, the Kingdom of Hawai‘i was governed from several locations including coastal towns on the islands of Hawai‘i and Maui (Lahaina). It wasn't until the reign of Kamehameha III that a capital was established in Honolulu on the Island of O‘ahu. Lahaina is a census-designated place located in West Maui, Maui County. ...

On August 12, 1898, the flag of the Kingdom of Hawai‘i over ‘Iolani Palace was lowered to raise the United States flag to signify annexation. Native Hawaiians began a period of mourning.

By the time Kamehameha V was king, he saw the need to build a royal palace fitting of the Kingdom of Hawai‘i's new found prosperity and standing with the royals of other nations. He commissioned the building of the palace at Ali‘iolani Hale. He died before it was completed. Today, the palace houses the Supreme Court of the State of Hawai‘i. From the State of Hawaii Archives, unlicensed, released into the public domain for historical educational purposes. ... From the State of Hawaii Archives, unlicensed, released into the public domain for historical educational purposes. ... For the 1959 novel and 1966 movie, see Hawaii (novel). ...

David Kalākaua shared the dream of Kamehameha V to build a palace for all the same reasons. He commissioned the construction of ‘Iolani Palace from which he and his successor would govern. In later years, the palace would become his sister's makeshift prison under guard by the U.S. Armed Forces, the site of the official raising of the U.S. flag during annexation, and then the site of the territorial governor's and legislature's offices.

Palaces

• ‘Āinahau, Home of Princess Victoria Ka‘iulani
• Ali‘iolani Hale, Originally designed as a Palace for Kamehameha V, although Kamehameha V later decided to convert the building into a government building during construction
• Hanaiakamalama, Summer Palace of Queen Emma
• Hulihe‘e Palace, Palace of Princess Ruth
• Keōua Hale, Palace of Princess Ruth
• ‘Iolani Palace, Palace of the Kalākaua Dynasty

In 1955, Matson Navigation Company tore up the Āinahau estate for the development of the Princess Kaiulani Hotel. ... Aliiolani Hale is today the home of the Hawaii State Supreme Court and the statue of Kamehameha the Great. ... Hanaiakamalama, or Queen Emmas Summer Palace, is a historic landmark, museum, and tourist site located less than a half-hour drive outside of downtown Honolulu. ... The Hulihee Palace is located in historic Kailua-Kona, Hawaii, on Alii Drive. ... Keoua Hale, Palace of Princess Ruth Keelikōlani at 1302 Queen Emma Street in downtown Honolulu, Hawaii. ... Iolani Palace was the official residence of King David Kalakaua and Queen Julia Kapiolani and then Queen Liliuokalani and Prince Consort John Owen Dominis. ...

Royal grounds

• Cathedral Church of Saint Andrew
• Kawaiaha‘o Church
• Royal Mausoleum
• Washington Place

Completed in 1867 for the defunct Church of Hawaii, the Cathedral Church of Saint Andrew is the seat of the Episcopal Diocese of Hawaii. ... Kawaiahao Church is known as the Westminster Abbey of Hawaii, the site of coronations, royal christenings and funerals. ... The construction of the Royal Mausoleum was overseen by Thomas Nettleship Staley, first Anglican Bishop of Honolulu (1823-1898) in service to King Kamehameha IV of Hawaii and Queen Victoria of England. ... Washington Place is the former residence of Queen Liliuokalani and now the home of the Governors of Hawaii. ...

Other notable Hawaiian royals

Kawaiaha‘o Church is known as the Westminster Abbey of Hawai‘i, the site of coronations, royal christenings and funerals. It sits on Punchbowl Street near ‘Iolani Palace and Ali‘iolani Hale. King William C. Lunalilo's mausoleum is in its courtyard.

Photograph taken on 7/10/2003 and is unlicensed, released in the public domain. ... Photograph taken on 7/10/2003 and is unlicensed, released in the public domain. ...

Kamehameha Dynasty

• Bernice Pauahi Bishop, Princess of Hawai‘i
• Ka‘ahumanu, Queen Regent of Hawai‘i
• Kalama Hakaleleponi Kapakuhaili, Queen Consort of Hawai‘i
• Victoria Kamamalu, Queen Consort of Hawai‘i
• Ruth Ke‘elikōlani, Princess of Hawai‘i
• Keopuolani, Queen Consort of Hawai'i
• Kina‘u, Queen Regent of Hawai'i
• Emma Rooke, Queen Consort of Hawai'i
• Elizabeth Kekaaniau, Princess of Hawai'i
• Theresa Owana Kaohelelani, Princess of Hawai'i

Princess Bernice Pauahi Bishop was the last surviving member of the Kamehameha dynasty. ... Ka‘ahumanu served as Queen Regent of the Kingdom of Hawai‘i during the terms of Kamehameha II and Kamehameha III. Ka‘ahumanu, formally Elizabeth Ka‘ahumanu, (1768-1832), Queen Regent of the Kingdom of Hawai‘i. ... Kamehameha II succeeded the throne of the Kingdom of Hawai‘i upon the death of his father, Kamehameha I. He and his Queen Consort died in London from the measles. ... Princess Ruth Keelikōlani was godmother to Princess Victoria Kaiulani, last heir to the throne of Hawaii. ... Alexander Liholiho assumed the title of Kamehameha IV, King of Hawai‘i in 1855. ...

Kalākaua Dynasty

• Victoria Ka‘iulani, Princess of Hawai‘i
• Jonah Kuhio Kalaniana‘ole, Prince of Hawai‘i
• Julia Kapi‘olani, Queen Consort of Hawai‘i
• Abigail Campbell Kawananakoa, Princess of Hawai‘i
• David Kawananakoa, Prince of Hawai‘i
• William Pitt Leileiohoku, Prince of Hawai‘i
• Miriam K. Likelike, Princess of Hawai‘i

Princess Kaiulani, a member of the Kalakāua Dynasty and descendant of the Kamehameha Dynasty, was in line to become Queen of Hawai‘i when her kingdom was overthrown. ... Prince Jonah Kuhio Kalanianaole is memorialized by streets, beaches, plazas and a federal building named in his honor. ... Julia Kapiolani reigned as Queen Consort of Hawaii alongside King David Kalakaua. ... Princess Abigail Kawananakoa socializing with Edward Prince of Wales, future King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom. ... Prince David Kawananakoa was the patriarch of the present-day House of Kawananakoa, heirs to the throne of the Kingdom of Hawaii. ... Categories: Stub | 1851 births | 1887 deaths | Royal Family of Hawaii ...

Other notable royal subjects

Ali‘iolani Hale was originally designed as a royal palace for Kamehameha V. The building was not completed until after Kamehameha V passed away, and it was dedicated by King Kalākaua as a government office building instead. Today the building is the site of the Kamehameha statue and the State of Hawai‘i Supreme Court.

Copyrighted image by Caroline Seawright, available for non commercial use. ... Copyrighted image by Caroline Seawright, available for non commercial use. ...

Authors and artists

• Henri Berger, composer
• Robert Louis Stevenson, author

Henri Berger, standing in front, is the Father of the Royal Hawaiian Band, the oldest municipal band in the United States. ... Robert Louis Stevenson Robert Louis (Balfour) Stevenson (November 13, 1850 – December 3, 1894), was a novelist, poet, and travel writer. ...

Civil leaders

• John Adams Kuakini, governor
• Charles Reed Bishop, businessman and philanthropist
• James Campbell, businessman and philanthropist
• Archibald Cleghorn, businessman and royal consort
• Sanford B. Dole, chief justice
• John Owen Dominis, governor and royal consort
• Gerrit P. Judd, royal advisor
• Kuini Liliha, governor
• Lorrin A. Thurston, lawyer and publisher
• Robert William Wilcox, soldier
• John Young, royal advisor
• Benjamin Dillingham, businessman and industrialist

John Adams Kuakini was the second Governor of Hawaii. ... Categories: Royal Family of Hawaii | Industrialists of Hawaii | People stubs ... For other uses of the name James Campbell, see the disambiguation page. ... Archibald Cleghorn was the father of Princess Victoria Kaiulani, heir to the throne of the Kingdom of Hawaii. ... Former advisor to Queen Lili‘uokalani and justice of the Hawai‘i judiciary, Sanford B. Dole assumed the role of President of the Republic of Hawai‘i. ... His Royal Highness John Owen Dominis, Prince Consort of Hawaii and royal governor of the islands of Oahu and Maui. ... Gerrit Parmele Judd (April 23, 1803 - July 12, 1873) was an American missionary to Hawaii who later became a trusted advisor and finance minister to King Kamehameha III. Categories: Stub | 1803 births | 1873 deaths ... Kuini Liliha (1802-1839) was governess of Oahu, Hawaii from 1829 - 1831. ... Lorrin A. Thurston led the overthrow of the Hawaiian kingdom in 1893. ... Robert William Wilcox led unsuccessful rebellions to restore the monarchy. ... Benjamin Franklin Dillingham (September 4, 1844-April 7, 1918) was an important businessman and industrialist during the late Kingdom of Hawaii era, throughout the period of the Republic of Hawaii, and during the first two decades of the Territory of Hawaii. ...

Religious leaders

• Father Damien, Catholic missionary
• Louis Maigret, Catholic bishop
• Thomas Nettleship Staley, Anglican bishop

Father Damien is the patron of lepers, outcasts, those with HIV/AIDS and the State of Hawaii. ... The Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace is the oldest Roman Catholic cathedral in continuous use in the United States. ... Lord Bishop Staley was the first Anglican Bishop of Hawaii and founding clergy of the Cathedral of Saint Andrew in downtown Honolulu. ...

References

• Lydia Lili‘uokalani Dominis, Hawai‘i's Story by Hawai‘i's Queen Lili‘uokalani, Mutual Publishing Co., 1994
• Michael Dougherty, To Steal a Kingdom: Probing Hawaiian History, Hawaiian Style Press, 1994
• Gerard Manley Hopkins, Hawai‘i: The Past, Present, and Future of Its Island Kingdom: An Historic Account of the Sandwich Islands of Polynesia, Kegan Paul International Ltd., 2003
• Ralph Simpsin Kuykendall, Hawai'i: A History, from Polynesian Kingdom to American State, Textbook Publishers, 2003
• Ralph Simpson Kuykendall, Hawaiian Kingdom: Foundation and Transformation, 1778-1854, Vol. 1, University of Hawai‘i Press, 1995
• Ralph Simpson Kuykendall, Hawaiian Kingdom: Twenty Critical Years, 1854-1874, Vol. 2, University of Hawai‘i Press, 1995
• Ralph Simpson Kuykendall, Hawaiian Kingdon Volume 3: 1874-1893, the Kalakaua Dynasty, University of Hawai‘i Press, 1995
• Aldyth Morris, Lili‘uokalani, University of Hawai‘i Press, 1995
• Juri Mykkanen, Inventing Politics: A New Political Anthropology of the Hawaiian Kingdom, University of Hawai‘i Press, 2003
• Niklaus R. Schweizer, His Hawaiian Excellency: The Overthrow of the Hawaiian Monarchy and the Annexation of Hawai‘i, Lang, Peter Publishing, Inc., 1994

External links

• Overthrow of the Monarchy, Article by Pat Pitzer, Spirit of Aloha, May 1994
• Hawaiian Kingdom Government