The Roman Kingdom (Latin: Regenum Romanum) was the monarchal government for the city of Rome and its territories from its founding in 753 BC by Romulus until the expulsion of Lucius Tarquinius Superbus in 510 BC and the establishment of the Roman Republic. An official language is a language that is given a unique legal status in the countries, states, and other territories. ... Jump to: navigation, search Latin is an Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... In politics a capital (also called capital city or political capital — although the latter phrase has an alternative meaning based on an alternative meaning of capital) is the principal city or town associated with its government. ... Jump to: navigation, search City motto: Senatus Populusque Romanus – SPQR (The Senate and the People of Rome) Founded 21 April 753 BC mythical, 1st millennium BC Region Latium Mayor Walter Veltroni (Left-Wing Democrats) Area  - City Proper  1290 km² Population  - City (2004)  - Metropolitan  - Density (city proper) 2,546,807 almost... A monarchy, (from the Greek monos, one, and archein, to rule) is a form of government that has a monarch as Head of State. ... The President of the Philippines meets with the President of the United States. ... Jump to: navigation, search The word king has many meanings: For the head of state, see Monarch. ... The Roman Senate (Latin, Senatus) was a deliberative body which was important in the government of both the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire. ... Chamber of the Estates-General, the Dutch legislature. ... The Roman Republic (Latin: Res Publica Romanorum) vested formal governmental powers in four separate peoples assemblies — the Comitia Curiata, the Comitia Centuriata, the Comitia Tributa, and the Concilium Plebis. ... Centuries: 9th century BC - 8th century BC - 7th century BC Decades: 800s BC 790s BC 780s BC 770s BC 760s BC - 750s BC - 740s BC 730s BC 720s BC 710s BC 700s BC Events and Trends 756 BC - Founding of Cyzicus. ... Centuries: 7th century BC - 6th century BC - 5th century BC Decades: 560s BC - 550s BC - 540s BC - 530s BC - 520s BC - 510s BC - 500s BC - 490s BC - 480s BC - 470s BC - 460s BC Events and Trends Establishment of the Roman Republic March 12, 515 BC - Construction is completed on the... Romulus and Remus, (771 BC¹-717 BC Romulus, 771 BC-753 BC Remus), the traditional founders of Rome, appeared in Roman mythology as the twin sons of the priestess Rhea Silvia, fathered by the god of war Mars. ... Centuries: 9th century BC - 8th century BC - 7th century BC Decades: 800s BC 790s BC 780s BC 770s BC 760s BC - 750s BC - 740s BC 730s BC 720s BC 710s BC 700s BC Events and Trends 756 BC - Founding of Cyzicus. ... Centuries: 9th century BC - 8th century BC - 7th century BC Decades: 760s BC 750s BC 740s BC 730s BC 720s BC - 710s BC - 700s BC 690s BC 680s BC 670s BC 660s BC Events and Trends Judah, Tyre and Sidon revolt against Assyria 719 BC - Zhou Huan Wang of the... Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (also called Tarquin the Proud or Tarquin II) was the last of the seven legendary kings of Rome, son of Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, and son-in-law of Servius Tullius. ... Centuries: 7th century BC - 6th century BC - 5th century BC Decades: 580s BC - 570s BC - 560s BC - 550s BC - 540s BC - 530s BC - 520s BC - 510s BC - 500s BC - 490s BC - 480s BC Events and Trends 538 BC - Babylon occupied by Jews transported to Babylon are allowed to return to... Centuries: 7th century BC - 6th century BC - 5th century BC Decades: 560s BC - 550s BC - 540s BC - 530s BC - 520s BC - 510s BC - 500s BC - 490s BC - 480s BC - 470s BC - 460s BC Events and Trends Establishment of the Roman Republic March 12, 515 BC - Construction is completed on the... Alba Longa was a city of ancient Latium in central Italy about 19 km (12 miles) southeast of Rome. ... Walls of the excavated city of Troy (Turkey) This article is about the city of Troy / Ilion as described in the works of Homer, and the location of an ancient city associated with it. ... See also Roman Republic (18th century) and Roman Republic (19th century) The Roman Republic (Latin: Res Publica Romanorum) was the republican government of the city of Rome and its territories from 510 BC until the establishment of the Roman Empire, which sometimes placed at 44 BC the year of Caesar... Jump to: navigation, search Time zones are areas of the Earth that have adopted the same standard time, usually referred to as the local time. ... UTC also stands for the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Coordinated Universal Time or UTC, also sometimes referred to as Zulu time, the basis for civil time, differs by an integral number of seconds from atomic time and a fractional number of seconds from UT1. ... Jump to: navigation, search Latin is an Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... Jump to: navigation, search City motto: Senatus Populusque Romanus – SPQR (The Senate and the People of Rome) Founded 21 April 753 BC mythical, 1st millennium BC Region Latium Mayor Walter Veltroni (Left-Wing Democrats) Area  - City Proper  1290 km² Population  - City (2004)  - Metropolitan  - Density (city proper) 2,546,807 almost... The founding of Rome is reported by many legends, which in recent times are beginning to be supplemented by more scientific reconstructions. ... Centuries: 9th century BC - 8th century BC - 7th century BC Decades: 800s BC 790s BC 780s BC 770s BC 760s BC - 750s BC - 740s BC 730s BC 720s BC 710s BC 700s BC Events and Trends 756 BC - Founding of Cyzicus. ... Romulus and Remus, (771 BC¹-717 BC Romulus, 771 BC-753 BC Remus), the traditional founders of Rome, appeared in Roman mythology as the twin sons of the priestess Rhea Silvia, fathered by the god of war Mars. ... Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (also called Tarquin the Proud or Tarquin II) was the last of the seven legendary kings of Rome, son of Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, and son-in-law of Servius Tullius. ... Centuries: 7th century BC - 6th century BC - 5th century BC Decades: 560s BC - 550s BC - 540s BC - 530s BC - 520s BC - 510s BC - 500s BC - 490s BC - 480s BC - 470s BC - 460s BC Events and Trends Establishment of the Roman Republic March 12, 515 BC - Construction is completed on the... See also Roman Republic (18th century) and Roman Republic (19th century) The Roman Republic (Latin: Res Publica Romanorum) was the republican government of the city of Rome and its territories from 510 BC until the establishment of the Roman Empire, which sometimes placed at 44 BC the year of Caesar...

In Roman legend, when the Greeks waged war against the city of Troy, the Trojan prince Aeneas sailed across the Mediterranean Sea to Italy and founded Lavinium. His son Iulus went on to found the city of Alba Longa. From Alba Longa's royal family came the twins Romulus and Remus, who went on to found the city of Rome in 753 BC. The Trojan War was a war waged, according to legend, against the city of Troy in Asia Minor by the armies of the Achaeans, following the kidnapping (or elopement) of Helen of Sparta by Paris of Troy. ... Walls of the excavated city of Troy (Turkey) This article is about the city of Troy / Ilion as described in the works of Homer, and the location of an ancient city associated with it. ... Aeneas (or Aineias) was a Trojan hero, the son of prince Anchises and the goddess Aphrodite (Venus in Roman sources). ... Satellite image The Mediterranean Sea is a part of the Alanic Ocean almost completely enclosed by land, on the north by Europe, on the south by Africa, and on the east by Asia. ... Lavinium was an ancient Roman city of the Latium, said to have been named by Aeneas in honor of Lavinia, daughter of Latinus, king of the Latins, and his wife, Amata. ... In Greek and Roman mythology, Ascanius was a son of Aeneas and Creusa. ... Alba Longa was a city of ancient Latium in central Italy about 19 km (12 miles) southeast of Rome. ... Romulus and Remus, (771 BC¹-717 BC Romulus, 771 BC-753 BC Remus), the traditional founders of Rome, appeared in Roman mythology as the twin sons of the priestess Rhea Silvia, fathered by the god of war Mars. ... The founding of Rome is reported by many legends, which in recent times are beginning to be supplemented by more scientific reconstructions. ... Centuries: 9th century BC - 8th century BC - 7th century BC Decades: 800s BC 790s BC 780s BC 770s BC 760s BC - 750s BC - 740s BC 730s BC 720s BC 710s BC 700s BC Events and Trends 756 BC - Founding of Cyzicus. ...

The Kings of Rome

Before the Roman Emperors and the Consuls, Rome was a monarchy governed by Kings (Latin: Rex). The Kings, excluding Romulus as the city's founder, were all elected by the people of Rome to serve for life, with none of the kings relying on military force to gain the throne. Though no reference is made to the hereditary principle in the election of the first four Kings, beginning with the fifth King Tarquinius Priscus, the royal inheritance flowed through the royal females of the deceased king. Consequently, the ancient historians state that the King was chosen on account of his virtues and not his descent. Romulus and Remus, (771 BC¹-717 BC Romulus, 771 BC-753 BC Remus), the traditional founders of Rome, appeared in Roman mythology as the twin sons of the priestess Rhea Silvia, fathered by the god of war Mars. ... Centuries: 9th century BC - 8th century BC - 7th century BC Decades: 800s BC 790s BC 780s BC 770s BC 760s BC - 750s BC - 740s BC 730s BC 720s BC 710s BC 700s BC Events and Trends 756 BC - Founding of Cyzicus. ... Centuries: 9th century BC - 8th century BC - 7th century BC Decades: 760s BC 750s BC 740s BC 730s BC 720s BC - 710s BC - 700s BC 690s BC 680s BC 670s BC 660s BC Events and Trends Judah, Tyre and Sidon revolt against Assyria 719 BC - Zhou Huan Wang of the... Jump to: navigation, search According to legend, Numa Pompilius was the second of the Kings of Rome, succeeding Romulus. ... Centuries: 9th century BC - 8th century BC - 7th century BC Decades: 760s BC 750s BC 740s BC 730s BC 720s BC - 710s BC - 700s BC 690s BC 680s BC 670s BC 660s BC Events and Trends Judah, Tyre and Sidon revolt against Assyria 719 BC - Zhou Huan Wang of the... Centuries: 8th century BC - 7th century BC - 6th century BC Decades: 720s BC 710s BC 700s BC 690s BC 680s BC - 670s BC - 660s BC 650s BC 640s BC 630s BC 620s BC Events and Trends 677 BC - Death of Zhou li wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. ... Tullus Hostilius (r. ... Centuries: 8th century BC - 7th century BC - 6th century BC Decades: 720s BC 710s BC 700s BC 690s BC 680s BC - 670s BC - 660s BC 650s BC 640s BC 630s BC 620s BC Events and Trends 677 BC - Death of Zhou li wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. ... Centuries: 8th century BC - 7th century BC - 6th century BC Decades: 690s BC 680s BC 670s BC 660s BC 650s BC - 640s BC - 630s BC 620s BC 610s BC 600s BC 590s BC Events and Trends Assyrian king Ashurbanipal founds library, which includes our earliest complete copy of the Epic... Ancus Marcius (r. ... Centuries: 8th century BC - 7th century BC - 6th century BC Decades: 690s BC 680s BC 670s BC 660s BC 650s BC - 640s BC - 630s BC 620s BC 610s BC 600s BC 590s BC Events and Trends Assyrian king Ashurbanipal founds library, which includes our earliest complete copy of the Epic... Centuries: 8th century BC - 7th century BC - 6th century BC Decades: 660s BC 650s BC 640s BC 630s BC 620s BC - 610s BC - 600s BC 590s BC 580s BC 570s BC 560s BC Events and Trends 619 BC - Alyattes becomes king of Lydia 619 BC _ Death of Zhou xiang... Lucius Tarquinius Priscus was the legendary fifth King of Rome, said to have reigned from 616 BC to 579 BC. Tarquinius Priscus came from the Etruscan city of Tarquinii and was actually named Lucumo. ... Centuries: 8th century BC - 7th century BC - 6th century BC Decades: 660s BC 650s BC 640s BC 630s BC 620s BC - 610s BC - 600s BC 590s BC 580s BC 570s BC 560s BC Events and Trends 619 BC - Alyattes becomes king of Lydia 619 BC _ Death of Zhou xiang... Centuries: 7th century BC - 6th century BC - 5th century BC Decades: 620s BC 610s BC 600s BC 590s BC 580s BC - 570s BC - 560s BC 550s BC 540s BC 530s BC 520s BC Events and Trends 579 BC - Servius Tullius succeeds the assassinated Lucius Tarquinius Priscus as king of Rome. ... Servius Tullius was the sixth legendary king of ancient Rome, and the second king from the Etruscan dynasty. ... Centuries: 7th century BC - 6th century BC - 5th century BC Decades: 620s BC 610s BC 600s BC 590s BC 580s BC - 570s BC - 560s BC 550s BC 540s BC 530s BC 520s BC Events and Trends 579 BC - Servius Tullius succeeds the assassinated Lucius Tarquinius Priscus as king of Rome. ... Centuries: 7th century BC - 6th century BC - 5th century BC Decades: 580s BC - 570s BC - 560s BC - 550s BC - 540s BC - 530s BC - 520s BC - 510s BC - 500s BC - 490s BC - 480s BC Events and Trends 538 BC - Babylon occupied by Jews transported to Babylon are allowed to return to... Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (also called Tarquin the Proud or Tarquin II) was the last of the seven legendary kings of Rome, son of Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, and son-in-law of Servius Tullius. ... Centuries: 7th century BC - 6th century BC - 5th century BC Decades: 580s BC - 570s BC - 560s BC - 550s BC - 540s BC - 530s BC - 520s BC - 510s BC - 500s BC - 490s BC - 480s BC Events and Trends 538 BC - Babylon occupied by Jews transported to Babylon are allowed to return to... Centuries: 7th century BC - 6th century BC - 5th century BC Decades: 560s BC - 550s BC - 540s BC - 530s BC - 520s BC - 510s BC - 500s BC - 490s BC - 480s BC - 470s BC - 460s BC Events and Trends Establishment of the Roman Republic March 12, 515 BC - Construction is completed on the... Centuries: 7th century BC - 6th century BC - 5th century BC Decades: 550s BC - 540s BC - 530s BC - 520s BC - 510s BC - 500s BC - 490s BC - 480s BC - 470s BC - 460s BC - 450s BC Events and Trends 509 BC - Foundation of the Roman Republic 508 BC - Office of pontifex maximus created... Roman Emperor is the title historians use to refer to rulers of the Roman Empire, after the epoch conventionally named the Roman Republic. ... For modern diplomatic consuls, see Consulate general. ... Jump to: navigation, search Latin is an Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... Lucius Tarquinius Priscus (also called Tarquin I) was the legendary fifth King of Rome, said to have reigned from 616 BC to 579 BC. Tarquinius Priscus came from the Etruscan city of Tarquinii and was actually named Lucumo (it is now known that lucumo is the common name of an...

The historians of ancient Rome make it difficult to determine the powers of the King as they referred to the King with the powers of their Republican counterparts (namely the Consuls). Some modern writers believe that the supreme power of Rome resided in the hands of the people and that the king was just the chief executive for the Senate and People while others believe that the king possessed the sovereign powers and that the Senate and People had only minor checks upon his powers. See also Roman Republic (18th century) and Roman Republic (19th century) The Roman Republic (Latin: Res Publica Romanorum) was the republican government of the city of Rome and its territories from 510 BC until the establishment of the Roman Empire, which sometimes placed at 44 BC the year of Caesar... The Roman Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Ancient Roman polity in the centuries following its reorganization under the leadership of Octavian (better known as Caesar Augustus). ... The Principate is, according to its etymological derivation from the Latin word princeps, meaning chief or first, the political regime dominated by such a head of state and government. ... The Dominate was the despotic last of the two phases of government in the ancient Roman Empire between its establishment in 27 BC and the formal date of the collapse of the Western Empire in AD 476. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Roman Empire is the name given to the western half of the Roman Empire after its division by Diocletian in 286 AD. It would exist intermittently in several periods between the 3rd Century and the 5th Century, after Diocletians Tetrarchy and the reunifications associated... The Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centred at its capital in Constantinople. ... Magistratus ordinarii (ordinary magistrates) and Magistrarus extraordinarii (extraordinary magistrates) were two categories of officials who held political, military, and, in some cases, religious power in the Roman Republic. ... For modern diplomatic consuls, see Consulate general. ... // Definition According to Cicero, Praetor was a title which designated the consuls as the leaders of the armies of the state. ... Quaestors were elected officials of the Roman Republic who supervised the treasury and financial affairs of the state, its armies and its officers. ... See Roman Governor for the duties of a promagistrate as a governor of a province A promagistrate is a person who acts in and with the authority and capacity of a magistrate, but without holding a magisterial office. ... Aedile (Latin Aedilis) was an office of the Roman Republic. ... Tribune (from the Latin: tribunus; Greek form tribounos) was a title shared by several elected magistracies and other governmental and/or (para)military offices of the Roman Republic and Empire. ... For omission and secrecy, see Censorship. ... A Roman governor was an official either elected or appointed to be the chief adminstator of Roman law throughout one or more of Ancient Romes many provinces. ... Magistratus ordinarii (ordinary magistrates) and Magistrarus extraordinarii (extraordinary magistrates) were two categories of officials who held political, military, and, in some cases, religious power in the Roman Republic. ... Dictator was a political office of the Roman Republic. ... The Master of the Horse was (and in some cases, is) a historical position of varying importance in several European nations. ... Jump to: navigation, search The term triumvirate (Latin for rule by three men) or troika in Russian, is commonly used to describe an alliance between three equally powerful political or military leaders. ... Decemviri (sing. ... Jump to: navigation, search Alternate meanings: see Pontifex (disambiguation) In Ancient Rome, the Pontifex Maximus was the high priest of the collegium of the Pontifices, the most august position in Roman religion, open only to a patrician, until 254 BC, when a plebian occupied this post. ... A legatus (often anglicized as legate) was equivalent to a modern general officer in the Roman army. ... Dux is Latin for leader (from the verb ducere, to pull) and could refer to anyone who commanded two or more legions. ... Officium (plural officia) is a Latin word with various meanings, including service, (sense of) duty, courtesy, ceremony and the likes. ... A prefect (from the Latin praefectus, perfect participle of praeficio, to make in front, i. ... Under the Roman Empire, a vicarius was the deputy prefect of a diocese or group of provinces. ... The Vigintisexviri (sing. ... Magister militum (Master of the Soldiers) was a rank used in the later Roman Empire dating from the reign of Constantine. ... The Latin word imperator was a title originally roughly equivalent to commander during the period of the Roman Republic. ... The princeps senatus (plural principes senatus) was the leader of the Roman senate. ... Roman Emperor is the title historians use to refer to rulers of the Roman Empire, after the epoch conventionally named the Roman Republic. ... Augustus (plural augusti) is Latin for majestic or venerable. The feminine form is Augusta. ... Caesar (p. ... The Tetrarchs, a porphyry sculpture sacked from a Byzantine palace in 1204, Treasury of St. ... This is an tentative list of topics regarding political institutions of Rome. ... The Roman Republic (Latin: Res Publica Romanorum) vested formal governmental powers in four separate peoples assemblies — the Comitia Curiata, the Comitia Centuriata, the Comitia Tributa, and the Concilium Plebis. ... The Roman Senate (Latin, Senatus) was a deliberative body which was important in the government of both the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire. ... Imperium can, in a broad sense, be translated as power. ... Jump to: navigation, search Roman Law is the legal system of ancient Rome. ... The cursus honorum (Latin: succession of magistracies) was the sequential order of public offices held by aspiring politicians in both the Roman Republic and the early Empire. ... Collegiality is the relationship between colleagues. ...

What is known for certain is that the king alone possessed the right to the auspice on behalf of Rome as its chief Augur, and no public business could be performed without the will of the gods made known through auspices. The people knew the king as a mediator between them and the gods and thus viewed the king with religious awe. This made the king the head of the national religion and chief religious executive, having the power to control the Roman calendar, conducted all religious ceremonies and appointed lower religious offices and officers. It was Romulus who instituted the Augurs and was believed to be the best Augur of all. Likewise, king Numa Pompilius instituted the Pontiffs and thought them the religious dogma of Rome. An auspice is an omen. ... The Augur was a priest or official in ancient Rome. ... Jump to: navigation, search Roman mythology can be considered as two parts. ... The Roman calendar changed its form several times in the time between the foundation of Rome and the fall of the Roman Empire. ... Jump to: navigation, search According to legend, Numa Pompilius was the second of the Kings of Rome, succeeding Romulus. ... Pontiff is a title of certain religious leaders. ... Dogma (the plural is either dogmata or dogmas) is belief or doctrine held by a religion or any kind of organization to be authoritative. ...

Beyond his religious authority, the king was invested with the supreme military and judicial authority through the use of Imperium. The Imperium of the king was held for life and protected him from ever being brought to trial for his actions. As being the sole owner of Imperium in Rome at the time, the king possessed unchecked military authority as the commander-in-chief of all Rome's legions. Also, the laws that kept citizens safe from the misuse of magistrates owning Imperium did not exist during the times of the king. Imperium can, in a broad sense, be translated as power. ... Commander-in-Chief (in NATO-lingo often C-in-C or CINC pronounced sink) is the commander of all the military forces within a particular region or of all the military forces of a state. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Roman legion (from the Latin legio, meaning levy) was the basic military unit of ancient Rome. ...

The king's Imperium granted him both military powers as well as qualified him to pronounce legal judgment in all cases as the chief justice of Rome. Though he could assign pontiffs to act as minor judges in some cases, he had supreme authority in all cases brought before him, both civil and criminal. This made the king supreme in times of both war and peace. A council advised the king during all trials, but this council had no power to control the king's decisions. While some writers believed there was no appeal from the king's decisions, others believed that a proposal for appeal could be brought before the king by any Patrician during a meeting of the Curiate Assembly. Patricians were originally the elite caste in ancient Rome. ... The Roman Republic (Latin: Res Publica Romanorum) vested formal governmental powers in four separate peoples assemblies — the Comitia Curiata, the Comitia Centuriata, the Comitia Tributa, and the Concilium Plebis. ...

Another power of the king was the power to either appoint or nominate all officials to offices. The king would appoint a Tribunus Celerum to serve as both the Tribune of Ramnes tribe in Rome but also as the commander of the king's personal bodyguard, similar to the Roman Emperor and the Praetorian Prefect. The king was required to appoint the Tribune upon entering office and the Tribune left office upon the king's death. The Tribune was second in rank to the king and also possessed the power to convene the Curiate Assembly and lay legislation before it. Tribune (from the Latin: tribunus; Greek form tribounos) was a title shared by several elected magistracies and other governmental and/or (para)military offices of the Roman Republic and Empire. ... Roman Emperor is the title historians use to refer to rulers of the Roman Empire, after the epoch conventionally named the Roman Republic. ... Praetorian prefect (Latin Praefectus praetorio) was the constant title of a high office in the Roman state that changed fundamentally in nature. ...

Another officer appointed by the king was the Praefectus Urbanus, which acted as the warden of the city. When the king was absent from the city, the Prefect held all of the king's powers and abilities, even to the point of being bestowed with Imperium while inside the city. The king even received the right to be the sole person to appoint Patricians to the Senate to act as Senators. A prefect (from the Latin praefectus, perfect participle of praeficio, to make in front, i. ...

Under the Kings, the Senate and Curiate Assembly had very little power and authority. The Senate and Curiate Assembly were not independent bodies possessing the right to meet together and discuss the questions of the state. They could only be called together by the king and could only discuss the matters the king laid before them. While the Curiate Assembly did have the power to pass laws when submitted by the King, the Senate was just an honorable council for the King. They could advise the King on his action but by no means could prevent him from acting. The only thing that the King could not do without the approval of the Senate was in declarations of war against foreign nations.

The insignia of the kings of Rome where 12 lictors wielding the fasces bearing axes, the right to sit upon a Curule chair, the purple Toga Picta, red shoes, and a white diadem around the head. Of all these insignia, the most important was the purple toga. The lictor, derived from the Latin ligare (to bind), was a member of a special class of Roman civil servant, with special tasks of attending magistrates of the Roman Republic and Empire who held imperium. ... A statue of Cincinnatus resigning from dictatorship by returning the Roman fasces Fasces (the plural, almost a plurale tantum, of the Latin word fascis, bundle) symbolise summary power and jurisdiction. ... In the Roman Republic, and later the empire, the Curule chair (in Latin the sellis curulis) was the chair upon which senior magistrates or promagistrates owning imperium were entitled to sit including dictators, masters of the horse, consuls, praetors, and curule aediles. ... Roman clad in toga The toga was the distinctive garb of Ancient Rome. ... Diadem has a number of different meanings, including the following: A diadem is a type of crown. ...

Election of the King

Once one of the Kings died, Rome entered a period of ‘’interregum’’. The Senate would assemble and appoint an Interrex to serve an indefinite period (normally less then a year) with the sole purpose of nominating the next King of Rome. Once the Interrex found a suitable nominee to the kingship, he would bring the nominee before the Senate and the Senate would review him. If the Senate passed the nominee, the Interrex would convene the Curiate Assembly and presided as its president during the election of the King. Jump to: navigation, search Roman mythology can be considered as two parts. ... Jupiter In Roman mythology, Jupiter (sometimes shortened to Jove) held the same role as Zeus in the Greek pantheon. ... Mars was Roman god of war, the son of Juno and a magical flower (or Jupiter). ... In Roman mythology, Quirinus was a mysterious god. ... Jump to: navigation, search Bust of Julius Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar (Classical Latin: IMP·C·IVLIVS·CAESAR·DIVVS¹) (b. ... Bust of Augustus Caesar Caesar Augustus (Latin:IMP·CAESAR·DIVI·F·AVGVSTVS) ¹ (23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), known earlier in his life as Gaius Octavius or Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, is considered the first Roman Emperor, though he denies the use of imperator in favor of princeps... Juno was the equivalent of the Greeks Hera, queen of the gods. ... Vesta was the virgin goddess of the hearth, home, and family in Roman mythology, analogous to Hestia in Greek mythology. ... Minerva was a Roman goddess of crafts and wisdom. ... This article treats Mercury in cult practice and in archaic Rome. ... Vulcan, in Roman mythology, is the son of Jupiter and Juno, and husband of Maia and Venus. ... For other uses, see Ceres (disambiguation). ... Venus is a Roman goddess principally associated with love, broadly, although not completely, equivalent to Greek Aphrodite and Etruscan Turan. ... Diana was the equivalent in Roman mythology of the Greek Artemis (see Roman/Greek equivalency in mythology for more details). ... Lares (pl. ... In Roman mythology, Fortuna (Greek equivalent Tyche) was the personification of luck, hopefully of good luck, but she could be represented veiled and blind, as modern depictions of Justice are seen, and came to represent the capriciousness of life. ... The Aeneid is a Latin epic written by Virgil in the 1st century BC that tells the legendary story of Aeneas, a Trojan who traveled to Italy where he became the ancestor of the Romans. ... Romulus and Remus, (771 BC¹-717 BC Romulus, 771 BC-753 BC Remus), the traditional founders of Rome, appeared in Roman mythology as the twin sons of the priestess Rhea Silvia, fathered by the god of war Mars. ... Jump to: navigation, search According to legend, Numa Pompilius was the second of the Kings of Rome, succeeding Romulus. ... Religion in ancient Rome combined several different cult practices and embraced more than a single set of beliefs. ... Jump to: navigation, search Alternate meanings: see Pontifex (disambiguation) In Ancient Rome, the Pontifex Maximus was the high priest of the collegium of the Pontifices, the most august position in Roman religion, open only to a patrician, until 254 BC, when a plebian occupied this post. ... A sacred king, according to the systematic interpretation of mythology developed by Sir James George Frazer in his influential book The Golden Bough, was a king who represented a solar deity in a periodically re-enacted fertility rite. ... A vestal Virgin, engraving by Sir Frederick Leighton, ca 1890: Leightons artistic sense has won over his passion for historical accuracy in showing the veil over the Vestals head at sacrifices, the suffibulum, as translucent, instead of fine white wool. ... The Flamen Dialis was an important position in Roman religion. ... A flamen was a priest of the Roman religion. ... The rex Nemorensis, (Latin: the king of Nemi or the king of the grove) was a sort of sacred king who served as priest of the goddess Diana at Aricia in Italy, by the shores of lake Nemi. ... The Augur was a priest or official in ancient Rome. ... Roman mythology was strongly influenced by Greek mythology and Etruscan mythology. ... Interrex or inter-rex (Latin; plural, interreges) was literally a ruler between kings. ...

Once proposed to the Curiate Assembly, the people of Rome could either accept or reject him. If accepted, the King-elect did not immediately enter office. Two other acts had still to take place before he was invested with the full regal authority and power. First it was necessary to obtain the divine will of the gods respecting his appointment by means of the auspices, since the King was the high priest of Rome. This ceremony was performed by an augur, who conducted the King-elect to the citadel where the augur placed him on a stone seat, while the people waited below. If found worthy of the kingship, the augur announced that the gods had given favorable tokens, thus confirming the King’s priestly character. Categories: Ancient Rome | Classical oracles | Historical stubs ... The Augur was a priest or official in ancient Rome. ...

The second act which had to be performed was the conferring of the Imperium upon the King. The Curiate Assembly’s previous vote had only determined who was to be King, and had not by that act bestowed the necessary power of the King upon him. Accordingly, the King himself proposed to the Curiate Assembly a law granting him Imperium, and the Curiate Assembly by voting in favor of the law, gave him the Imperium. The reason of this double vote of the Curiate Assembly is clear enough. The Imperium could only be conferred upon a person that the gods had found favorable. It was necessary, therefore, first to determine who was to be the person who was capable of receiving the Imperium and when the was divinely favored, then the Imperium was granted to him by a special vote.

In theory, the people of Rome got to elect their leader, however the Senate had most of the control over the process.

Rome Under The Kings

The Reign of Romulus

Romulus was not only Rome's first King but also the city's founder. In 753 BC, Romulus began building the city upon the Palatine Hill. After founding Rome, he invited criminals, runaway slaves, exiles, and other undesirables by granting them asylum. In this manner, Romulus populated five of the seven hills of Rome. To provide his citizens with wives, Romulus invited the neighboring Sabine tribe to a festival where he abducted the Sabine women and brought them back to Rome. After the ensuing war with Sabines, Romulus brought the Sabines and Romans under one ruler. Romulus and Remus, (771 BC¹-717 BC Romulus, 771 BC-753 BC Remus), the traditional founders of Rome, appeared in Roman mythology as the twin sons of the priestess Rhea Silvia, fathered by the god of war Mars. ... Centuries: 9th century BC - 8th century BC - 7th century BC Decades: 800s BC 790s BC 780s BC 770s BC 760s BC - 750s BC - 740s BC 730s BC 720s BC 710s BC 700s BC Events and Trends 756 BC - Founding of Cyzicus. ... Jump to: navigation, search 17th century aviaries on the hill, built by Rainaldi for Odoardo Cardinal Farnese: once wirework cages surmounted them. ... The Seven Hills of Rome east of the Tiber form the heart of Rome. ... Sabine (in Latin and in Italian, Sabina) is a sub-region of Latium, Italy, on the North-East of Rome toward Rieti. ...

After founding the city, Romulus divided the people of Rome between the able bodied men and those unfit for combat. The fighting men became the Roman Legions consisting of 6000 infantry and 600 cavalry. The rest became the people of Rome and out of these people, Romulus selected 100 of the most noble men to serve as Senators in an advisory council for the King, the Roman Senate. These men he called Patricians and would become the Republican nobles and elite. Jump to: navigation, search The Roman legion (from the Latin legio, meaning levy) was the basic military unit of ancient Rome. ... The Roman Senate (Latin, Senatus) was a deliberative body which was important in the government of both the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire. ... Patricians were originally the elite caste in ancient Rome. ... See also Roman Republic (18th century) and Roman Republic (19th century) The Roman Republic (Latin: Res Publica Romanorum) was the republican government of the city of Rome and its territories from 510 BC until the establishment of the Roman Empire, which sometimes placed at 44 BC the year of Caesar...

After 38 years as King of Rome, Romulus had fought in several successful wars, expanding the control of Rome over all of Latium and many of the surrounding areas. Romulus also instituted the Augurs as part of the Roman religion. Romulus would be remembered as early Rome's greatest conqueror and as one of the most religious men in Roman history. After his death at the age of 54, Romulus was deified as the war god Quirinus and served not only as one of the three major gods of Rome but also as the deified likeness of the city of Rome. Latium (Lazio in Italian) is a region of central Italy, bordered by Tuscany, Umbria, Abruzzo, Molise, Campania and the Tyrrhenian Sea. ... The Augur was a priest or official in ancient Rome. ... The Roman Colosseum Rome (Italian and Latin Roma) is the capital city of Italy, and of its Lazio region. ... In Roman mythology, Quirinus was a mysterious god. ...

The Reign of Numa Pompilius

After Romulus' strange and mysterious death, the kingship fell to Numa Pompilius. Celebrated for his natural wisdom, Numa’s reign was marked by peace and prosperity. Upon becoming King, being of Sabine birth, he enlarged the Senate to include 100 of the noblest Sabines that had joined Rome under Romulus’ reign. These men would also be called Patricians and their descendants would become the Republic’s elite. Jump to: navigation, search According to legend, Numa Pompilius was the second of the Kings of Rome, succeeding Romulus. ... Sabine (in Latin and in Italian, Sabina) is a sub-region of Latium, Italy, on the North-East of Rome toward Rieti. ...

Numa reformed the Roman calendar by adjusting it for the solar and lunar year as well as instituted several of Rome's religious rituals. Numa organized the area in and around Rome into districts from easier management. He is also credited for the organization of Rome’s first occupational guilds. The Roman calendar changed its form several times in the time between the foundation of Rome and the fall of the Roman Empire. ...

Numa is remembered as the most religious of the Kings (surpassing even Romulus), and during his reign, he introduced the Flamens, the Vestal Virgins of Rome, the Pontiffs and the College of Pontiffs. Also during his reign, it was said that a shield from Jupiter fell from the sky with the fate of Rome written on it. Numa ordered eleven copies of the shield to be created and these shields became sacred to the Romans. A flamen was a priest of the Roman religion. ... A vestal Virgin, engraving by Sir Frederick Leighton, ca 1890: Leightons artistic sense has won over his passion for historical accuracy in showing the veil over the Vestals head at sacrifices, the suffibulum, as translucent, instead of fine white wool. ... Pontiff is a title of certain religious leaders. ... In ancient Rome, the College of Pontiffs was a body whose members were the highest-ranking priests of the polytheistic state religion. ... Jupiter In Roman mythology, Jupiter (sometimes shortened to Jove) held the same role as Zeus in the Greek pantheon. ...

He would reign for 41 years as King and would die a natural, peaceful death.

The Reign of Tullus Hostilius

Tullus Hostilius was much like Romulus in his war like behavior and completely unlike Numa in his lack of respect for the gods. Tullus waged war against Alba Longa, Fidenae, and Veii, thus granting Rome even greater territory and power. It was during Tullus' reign that the city of Alba Longa was completely destroyed and Tullus enslaved the population and sent them back to Rome. Tullus Hostilius (r. ... Alba Longa was a city of ancient Latium in central Italy about 19 km (12 miles) southeast of Rome. ... Fidenae was an ancient town of Latium, situated about 5 miles north of Rome on the Via Salaria, which ran between it and the Tiber. ... Veii - or Veius - was in ancient times, an important Etrurian city 18 km NNW of Rome, Italy. ...

Tullus desired war so much that he even waged another war against the Sabines. With the coming of Tullus’ reign, the Romans lost their desire for peace. Tullus fought so many wars that he completely neglected the worship of the gods. Legend has it that because of this, a plague infected the city, and the Tullus himself was among the infected. When Tullus called upon Jupiter and begged assistance. Jupiter responded with a bolt of lightning that burned the King and his house to ashes. Plague is usually understood as a generic term for Bubonic plague, the mortal disease caused by the bacillus Yersinia pestis, which is spread by fleas from rats and some species of mice to human beings. ...

Despite his war-like nature, Tullus Hostilius selected and represented the third group of people to make up Rome’s Patrician class consisting of those who had come to Rome seeking asylum and a new life. He also constructed a new home for the Senate, the Curia, which survived for over 500 years after his death. His reign lasted for 31 years. The Curia, inside the Forum The Curia of ancient Rome was the place where the Senate met to discuss the making of laws and take decisions about the affairs of the Republic. ...

The Reign of Ancus Marcius

Following Tullus’ mysterious death, the Roman elected a peaceful and religious king in his place. The king they elected was Numa’s grandson, Ancus Marcius. Much like his grandfather, Ancus did little to expand the borders of Rome and only fought war when his territories needed defending. He also built an aqueduct, the Aqua Marcia, and built Rome's first prison on the Capitoline Hill. Ancus Marcius (r. ... Pont du Gard, France, a Roman era aqueduct circa 19 BC, it is one of Frances top tourist attractions at over 1. ... Piazza del Campidoglio, on the top of Capitoline Hill The Capitoline Hill (Capitolinus Mons), between the Forum and the Campus Martius, is one of the famous and highest of the seven hills of Rome, the site of a temple for the Capitoline Triad: the gods Jupiter, his wife Juno and...

During his reign, the Janiculum Hill on the western bank was fortified to further protect Rome and also build the first bridge across the Tiber River. He would also found Rome’s port of Ostia on the Tyrrhenian Sea and establish Rome’s first salt works. During his reign, Rome's size increased as Ancus used diplomacy to peacefully join some of the smaller, surrounding city into alliance with Rome. Through this method, he completed the conquest of the Latins and relocated them to the Aventine Hill, thus forming the Plebian class of Romans. Janiculum (Gianicolo in Italian) is a hill in western Rome. ... Tiber River in Rome The River Tiber (Italian Tevere), the third longest river in Italy (disputed — see talk page) at 406 km (252 miles) after the Po and the Adige, flows through the Campagna and Rome in its course from Mount Fumaiolo to the Tyrrhenian Sea, which it reaches in... Ostia scale model The Temple of the goddess Roma on the Forum of Ostia Ostia, an ancient town on the coast facing the Tyrrhenian Sea, in Latium, Italy, was the harbour of ancient Rome and perhaps its first colonia. ... Tyrrhenian Sea. ... The United Nations, with its headquarters in New York City, is the largest international diplomatic organization. ... The word Latin has more than one meaning. ... The Aventine Hill is one of the seven hills that ancient Rome was built on. ... In Ancient Rome, the plebs was the general body of Roman citizens, distinct from the privileged class of the patricians. ...

He would die a natural death, like his grandfather before him, after 37 years as King and would be remembered as one of Rome’s greatest Pontiffs. Pontiff is a title of certain religious leaders. ...

The Reign of Tarquinius Priscus

Tarquinius Priscus was not only Rome’s fifth King but also the first of Etruscan birth. After immigrating to Rome, he found favor in Ancus, who later adopted him as his son. Upon becoming King, he waged wars against the Sabines and Etruscans, which doubled the size of Rome and brought great treasures to the city. Lucius Tarquinius Priscus (also called Tarquin I) was the legendary fifth King of Rome, said to have reigned from 616 BC to 579 BC. Tarquinius Priscus came from the Etruscan city of Tarquinii and was actually named Lucumo (it is now known that lucumo is the common name of an... See: Etruscan civilization Etruscan language Etruscan alphabet Etruscan mythology See also: Tyrrhenian, Lemnian, Pelasgian. ...

Upon his first reforms was that he added 100 new members to the Senate from the conquered Etruscan tribes, bringing the total number of Senators to 300. He used the booty Rome acquired from the conquests to build great monuments for Rome. Among these were Rome’s great sewer systems, which he used to drain the swamp-like area between the Seven Hills of Rome. In the swamp’s place, he began what would become the Roman Forum. He also instituted the founding of the Roman Games. The Roman Forum (Forum Romanum, although the Romans referred to it more often as the Forum Magnum or just the Forum) was the central area around which ancient Rome developed, in which commerce, business, prostitution, cult and the administration of justice took place. ...

The most famous of his great building projects is the Circus Maximus, a giant stadium used for chariot races which, to this day, remains the largest stadium in the world. Priscus followed up the Circus Maximus by beginning a temple-fortress to the god Jupiter upon the Capitoline Hill. Unfortunately, he was killed after 38 years as King at the hands of Ancus Marcius’ sons before it could be completed. His reign is best remembered introducing the Rome symbols of military and civil offices as well as the introduction of the Roman Triumph, being the first Roman to celebrate one. Map of downtown Rome during the Roman Empire, with Circus Maximus at the lower right corner The Circus Maximus is a park today. ... A Roman triumph was a civil ceremony and religious rite of ancient Rome, held to publicly honour the military commander (dux) of a notably successful foreign war or campaign and to display the glories of Roman victory. ...

The Reign of Servius Tullius

Following Priscus’ death, his son-in-law Servius Tullius seceded him to the throne, the second King of Etruscan birth to rule Rome. Like his father-in-law before him, Servius fought successful wars against the Etruscans. He used the treasure from the campaigns to build the first walls to fully encompass the Seven Hills of Rome, the Pomerium. He also brought about reforms within the Roman army. Servius Tullius was the sixth legendary king of ancient Rome, and the second king from the Etruscan dynasty. ... The pomerium (or pomoerium) was the sacred boundary of the city of Rome. ...

He was renowned for implementing a new constitution for the Romans, further developing the citizen classes. He instituted the world’s first census which divided the people of Rome into five economic classes, and formed the Century Assembly. He also used his census to divide the people within Rome into four urban tribes based upon location within the city, establishing the Tribal Assembly. His reign is also given credit for building the temple to Diana on the Aventine Hill. A census is the process of obtaining information about every member of a population (not necessarily a human population). ... The Roman Republic (Latin: Res Publica Romanorum) vested formal governmental powers in four separate peoples assemblies — the Comitia Curiata, the Comitia Centuriata, the Comitia Tributa, and the Concilium Plebis. ... The Roman Republic (Latin: Res Publica Romanorum) vested formal governmental powers in four separate peoples assemblies — the Comitia Curiata, the Comitia Centuriata, the Comitia Tributa, and the Concilium Plebis. ... Diana was the equivalent in Roman mythology of the Greek Artemis (see Roman/Greek equivalency in mythology for more details). ... The Aventine Hill is one of the seven hills that ancient Rome was built on. ...

Servius’ reforms brought about a major change in Roman life: voting rights were now based upon economic wealth, transferring much of the power into the hands of the Roman elite. However, as time passed, Servius increasingly favored the most impoverished people in order to obtain favors from the plebs. His legislation was extremely distasteful to the patrician order. Tullius’s reign of 44 years was brought to an end after his assassination in a conspiracy lead by his own daughter Tullia and her husband Tarquinius Superbus. Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (also called Tarquin the Great or Tarquin II) was the last of the seven legendary kings of Rome, son of Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, and son-in-law of Servius Tullius. ...

The Reign of Tarquinius Superbus

The seventh and final King of Rome was Tarquinius Superbus. As the son of Priscus and the son-in-law of Servius, Tarquinius was also of Etruscan birth. It was also during his reign that the Etruscans reached their apex of power. Unlike any other King before him, Tarquinius used violence, murder, and terrorism to maintain control over Rome. He repealed many of the earlier constitutional reforms set down by his predecessors. The only thing of any real good he did for Rome was the completion of the temple to Jupiter started by his father Priscus. Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (also called Tarquin the Great or Tarquin II) was the last of the seven legendary kings of Rome, son of Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, and son-in-law of Servius Tullius. ... The term terrorism is largely synonymous with political violence, and refers to a strategy of using coordinated attacks which typically fall outside of the time, place, and manner of conduct commonly understood as within the bounds of conventional warfare. ...

Tarquinius removed and destroyed all the Sabine shrines and alters from the Tarpeian Rock, enraging the people of Rome. The people would no longer tolerate his tyrannical rule when he allowed the rape of Lucretia, a Patrican Roman, at the hands of his own son. Lucretia’s kinsman, Lucius Junius Brutus (ancestor to Marcus Brutus), summoned the Senate and had Tarquinius and the monarchy expelled from Rome in 510 BC. A steep cliff of the southern summit of the Capitoline Hill, overlooking the Roman Forum, the Tarpeian Rock (rupes Tarpeia) was used during the Roman Republic as an execution site. ... Lucretia Lucretia is a mythical figure in the history of the Roman Republic. ... Lucius Junius Brutus was the founder of the Roman Republic and traditionally one of the first Consuls in 509 BC. Prior to his accession, Rome had been ruled by kings. ... Marcus Junius Brutus Caepio (85 BC–42 BC), or simply Brutus, was a Roman politician of the late Roman Republic. ... Centuries: 7th century BC - 6th century BC - 5th century BC Decades: 560s BC - 550s BC - 540s BC - 530s BC - 520s BC - 510s BC - 500s BC - 490s BC - 480s BC - 470s BC - 460s BC Events and Trends Establishment of the Roman Republic March 12, 515 BC - Construction is completed on the...

After Tarquinius’ expulsion, the Senate voted to never again allow the rule of a King and reformed Rome into a Republican government in 509 BC. Lucius Junius Brutus and Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus, a member of the Tarquin family and Lucretia's widower, went on to become the first Consuls of Rome’s new government. This new government would lead the Romans to conqueror most of the Mediterranean World and would survive for the next five hundred years until the rise of Julius Caesar and Caesar Augustus. See also Roman Republic (18th century) and Roman Republic (19th century) The Roman Republic (Latin: Res Publica Romanorum) was the republican government of the city of Rome and its territories from 510 BC until the establishment of the Roman Empire, which sometimes placed at 44 BC the year of Caesar... Centuries: 7th century BC - 6th century BC - 5th century BC Decades: 550s BC - 540s BC - 530s BC - 520s BC - 510s BC - 500s BC - 490s BC - 480s BC - 470s BC - 460s BC - 450s BC Events and Trends 509 BC - Foundation of the Roman Republic 508 BC - Office of pontifex maximus created... For modern diplomatic consuls, see Consulate general. ... Satellite image The Mediterranean Sea is a part of the Alanic Ocean almost completely enclosed by land, on the north by Europe, on the south by Africa, and on the east by Asia. ... Jump to: navigation, search Bust of Julius Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar (Classical Latin: IMP·C·IVLIVS·CAESAR·DIVVS¹) (b. ... Bust of Augustus Caesar Caesar Augustus (Latin:IMP·CAESAR·DIVI·F·AVGVSTVS) ¹ (23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), known earlier in his life as Gaius Octavius or Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, is considered the first Roman Emperor, though he denies the use of imperator in favor of princeps...

Republican Offices from the King

With its kings gone, Rome lacked leadership. To solve this problem, the Consuls were instituted. Initially, the Consuls possessed all of the King’s powers only in the form of two men that could veto each other’s actions and served for a one-year term. Later, the Consuls’ powers were broken down into other magistrates that each held a small portion of the King’s original powers. First among these was the Praetor, which removed the Consuls’s judicial authority from them. Next came the Censor, which stripped from the Consuls the power to conduct the census. For modern diplomatic consuls, see Consulate general. ... // Definition According to Cicero, Praetor was a title which designated the consuls as the leaders of the armies of the state. ... For omission and secrecy, see Censorship. ...

As for the King’s religious authority, it was given to two religious offices: the Rex Sacrorum and the Pontifex Maximus. The Rex Sacrorum was the de jure highest religious official for the Republic, whose sole purpose was to make the annual sacrifice to Jupiter that had been reserved for the King. The Pontifex Maximus, however, was the de facto highest religious official. In this office, most of the King’s religious authority was vested. He had the power to appoint all Vestal Virgins, Flamens, Pontiffs, and even the Rex Sacrorum himself. By the beginning of the 1st Century BC, the Rex Sacrorum was all but forgotten and the Pontifex Maximus given almost complete religious authority over the Roman religion. A sacred king, according to the systematic interpretation of mythology developed by Sir James George Frazer in his influential book The Golden Bough, was a king who represented a solar deity in a periodically re-enacted fertility rite. ... Jump to: navigation, search Alternate meanings: see Pontifex (disambiguation) In Ancient Rome, the Pontifex Maximus was the high priest of the collegium of the Pontifices, the most august position in Roman religion, open only to a patrician, until 254 BC, when a plebian occupied this post. ... Look up De jure in Wiktionary, the free dictionary De jure (in Classical Latin de iure) is an expression that means based on law, as contrasted with de facto, which means in fact. The terms de jure and de facto are used like in principle and in practice when one... De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without... (2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century - other centuries) The 1st century BC starts on January 1, 100 BC and ends on December 31, 1 BC. An alternative name for this century is the last century BC. (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) // Events The Roman Republic...

Nine years after the expulsion of Tarquinius, the Romans instituted the Dictatorship. This Dictator was given complete authority over all Rome’s civil and military matters and there was no appeal from his decisions. His power was so absolute that the Romans only dared to appoint a Dictator in times of severe emergencies. The sole thing that kept this Dictator from becoming another King of Rome was his six-month term limit. Dictator was a political office of the Roman Republic. ...

With the ascent of Julius Caesar and his adoptive son Caesar Augustus, the powers of the King almost returned. Julius Caesar was elected both Pontifex Maximus and Dictator for life, which gave him all the powers of the ancient Kings, and then some. After his assassination on the Ides of March, 44 BC, his adoptive son Caesar Augustus gained the power of Consular Imperium and the powers of the Tribune of the People combined with the position of Pontifex Maximus and Princeps Senatus made him almost King-like. What finally changed Rome back into a monarchal system, however, was Augustus' gaining the power to appoint a successor with all of his powers. With that, the Roman Republic ended and the Roman Empire ruled by the Roman Emperors began, and the monarchs returned. Jump to: navigation, search Bust of Julius Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar (Classical Latin: IMP·C·IVLIVS·CAESAR·DIVVS¹) (b. ... Bust of Augustus Caesar Caesar Augustus (Latin:IMP·CAESAR·DIVI·F·AVGVSTVS) ¹ (23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), known earlier in his life as Gaius Octavius or Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, is considered the first Roman Emperor, though he denies the use of imperator in favor of princeps... In the Roman calendar the ides of March falls on March 15. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC - 40s BC - 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC 0s Years: 49 BC 48 BC 47 BC 46 BC 45 BC 44 BC 43 BC 42 BC 41 BC... Tribune (from the Latin: tribunus; Greek form tribounos) was a title shared by several elected magistracies and other governmental and/or (para)military offices of the Roman Republic and Empire. ... The princeps senatus (plural principes senatus) was the leader of the Roman senate. ... The Roman Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Ancient Roman polity in the centuries following its reorganization under the leadership of Octavian (better known as Caesar Augustus). ... Roman Emperor is the title historians use to refer to rulers of the Roman Empire, after the epoch conventionally named the Roman Republic. ...

See also

• Timeline of Ancient Rome
• Feral children in mythology and fiction

Jump to: navigation, search This is a Timeline of events concerning Ancient Rome, from the city foundation until the last attempt of the Roman Empire of the East to conquer Rome. ... For documented cases of real children raised by animals, see Feral children. ...

External links

• Patria Potestas: a view of suppressed matrilinearity in the early legends of Rome
• The Kings of Rome