During the decline of the Han Dynasty, the northern part of China was under the control of Cao Cao, the Imperial Secretariat to the last Han emperor (see Unification of northern China). In 213, he was titled Wei Gong (duke of Wei) and given ten cities as his domain. This area was named the "State of Wei". At that time, the southern part of China was already divided into two areas controlled by two warlords (later the Kingdom of Shu and Kingdom of Wu). In 216, Cao Cao was promoted to Wei Wang (king of Wei).
In 220, Cao Cao died and his son Cao Pi succeded to the title Wei Wang and the position as Imperial Secretarist. Later that year, Cao Pi seized the imperial throne and claimed to have founded the Wei dynasty, but Liu Bei of Shu immediately contested his claim to the throne, and Sun Quan followed suite in 222.
Wei conquered the Kingdom of Shu in 263. Shortly afterwards, in 265, the Wei dynasty was overthrown by its last Imperial Secretariat, Sima Yan, founder of the Jin Dynasty (265-420).
In 213, Cao Cao was named Wei Gong (Duke of Wei) and was given 10 cities under his domain entitled the "State of Wei." At that time, the southern part of China was already divided into two areas (later the Kingdom of Shu and Kingdom of Wu) controlled by two warlords.
Wei conquered the Kingdom of Shu in 263.
Shortly afterwards, in 265, the Wei Dynasty was overthrown by its last Imperial Secretariat Sima Yan, founder of the Jin Dynasty (265-420).
In a strict academic sense it refers to the period between the foundation of the Wei in 220 and the conquest of the Wu by the Jin Dynasty in 280.
The later part of this period was marked by the destruction of Shu by Wei (263), the overthrow of Wei by the Jin Dynasty (265), and the destruction of Wu by Jin (280).
This was similar to the deposal of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty by Cao Pi, the founder of the Wei Dynasty.
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