The Kingdom of Westphalia is a historical state in present-day Germany that existed from 1807-1813. While formally independent, it was a vassal state of France, ruled by Napoleon's brother Jérôme Bonaparte. It was named after Westphalia, but had little territory in common with that area. 1807 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1813 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... A vassal, in European medieval feudalism terminology, is one who through a commendation ceremony (composed of homage and fealty) enters into mutual obligations with a lord, usually military conscription and mutual protection, in exchange for a fief. ... Bonaparte as general Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a general of the French Revolution and was the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from November 11, 1799 to May 18, 1804, then as Emperor of the French (Empereur des Français... Jérôme Bonaparte Jérôme Bonaparte (November 15, 1784 - June 24, 1860) was the youngest brother of Emperor Napoleon I of France. ... Westphalia (in German, Westfalen) is a (historic) region in Germany, centred on the cities of Dortmund, Münster, Bielefeld, and Osnabrück and now included in the Bundesland of North Rhine-Westphalia (and the (south-)west of Lower Saxony). ...

The Kingdom of Westphalia was created in 1807 by merging territories ceded by Prussia in the Peace of Tilsit, among them the former Electorate of Hanover, with the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg and the Electorate of Hesse. Its capital was Cassel; it was a member of the Confederation of the Rhine. A number of social reforms were implemented in the kingdom, such as the abolishment of servitude, the right of free enterprise, and the Napoleonic code. The kingdom was dissolved after the Battle of Leipzig in 1813 and its predecessor states were reestablished. 1807 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 The word Prussia (German: Preußen or Preussen, Polish: Prusy, Lithuanian: Prūsai, Latin: Borussia) has had various (often contradictory) meanings: The land of the Baltic Prussians (in what is now parts of southern Lithuania, the Kaliningrad exclave of Russia and... The Treaties of Tilsit were two agreements signed by Napoleon I of France in the town of Tilsit in July, 1807. ... Hanover (German Hannover) is a historical territory in todays Germany. ... Brunswick-Lüneburg was an historical state within the Holy Roman Empire. ... Hesse-Kassel (Hessen-Kassel) was a German principality that came into existence when the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided in 1568 upon the death of Landgrave Philip of Hesse and his eldest son Wilhelm IV inherited the northern portion and established his capital in Kassel. ... Map of Germany showing Kassel Watershed of the river Weser Kassel [ˈkasl̩] (until 1926 officially Cassel) is a city in central Germany. ... -1... Costumes of Slaves or Serfs, from the Sixth to the Twelfth Centuries, collected by H. de Vielcastel, from original Documents in the great Libraries of Europe. ... Capitalism generally refers to in philosophy and politics, a social system based on the principle of individual rights, including property rights. ... The original Napoleonic Code, or Code Napoléon (originally called the Code civil des francais, or civil code of the French), was the French civil code, established at the behest of Napoléon. ... Map of battle by 18 October 1813, from Meyers Encyclopaedia The Battle of Leipzig (October 16-19, 1813), also called the Battle of the Nations, was the largest conflict in the Napoleonic Wars and one of the worst defeats suffered by Napoleon Bonaparte. ... 1813 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...