Kismayo or Kismayu (Somali: Kismaayo; Arabic: كيسمايو, transliteration: Kīsmāyū; Italian: Chisimaio) is a port city in the Jubbada Hoose region of Somalia and is the country's third largest city (after Mogadishu and Hargeisa.)^[1] It is situated 328 miles (528 km) southwest of Mogadishu, near the mouth of the Jubba River, where that river flows into the Indian Ocean.^[2] As of 2007, the population is calculated to be around 256,000.^[3] “Arabic” redirects here. ... Due to the fact that the Arabic language has a number of phonemes that have no equivalent in English or other European languages, a number of different transliteration methods have been invented to represent certain Arabic characters, due to various conflicting goals. ... Categories: Stub | Commercial item transport and distribution | Transportation ... Jubbada Hoose is a region (gobolka) in southern Somalia. ... Mogadishu (Somali: Muqdisho, popularly Xamar; Arabic: ; Italian: ), is the largest city in Somalia, and its capital. ... Hargeisa (Somali: Hargeysa, Arabic: هرجيسا) is a city in Northwestern Somalia and the second largest city in Somalia. ... Bridge over the Jubba in Baardheere, Somalia The Juba or Jubba River (Somali: Jubba; Italian: ) is a river in southern Somalia. ...

History

The city, along with the surrounding region, was ruled by the Zanzibar sultans in 1835. From 1875 to 1876, Kismayu was occupied by Ottoman Egypt under Muhammad Ali. It was part of Trans-Juba, which belonged to the British, from July 1, 1895, as part of the East Africa Company's East Africa Protectorate. On July 15, 1924, it was ceded to Italy and became part of the Colony of Trans-Juba (Oltre Giuba). In 1926, the area was incorporated into the colony of Italian Somaliland, and became the capital of its Trans-Juba province.^[4] Map of Zanzibars main island Zanzibar is part of Tanzania Coordinates: , Country Tanzania Islands Unguja and Pemba Capital Zanzibar City Settled AD 1000 Government  - Type semi-autonomous part of Tanzania  - President Amani Abeid Karume Area  - Both Islands  637 sq mi (1,651 km²) Population (2004)  - Both Islands 1,070... This page contains a list of Sultans of Zanzibar, which merged with Tanganyika in 1964 to form Tanzania. ... Egypt was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1517. ... This article is about the viceroy of Egypt. ... Anthem Somalia Tosow Capital (and largest city) Kismayo Official languages Somali and English Government  -  President Barre Adan Shire Hiiraale Autonomy Part of Federated Somalia   -  Autonomy Declared 1998   -  Ended by JVA 2004   -  Re-established 2007   -  Recognition Not Recognized  Currency Somali shilling (SOS) Time zone EAT  -  Summer (DST) not observed (UTC+3... is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The Imperial British East Africa Company was the administrator of British East Africa. ... The East Africa Protectorate was a British dependency extending from the Indian Ocean inland to Uganda. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Anthem Somalia Tosow Capital (and largest city) Kismayo Official languages Somali and English Government  -  President Barre Adan Shire Hiiraale Autonomy Part of Federated Somalia   -  Autonomy Declared 1998   -  Ended by JVA 2004   -  Re-established 2007   -  Recognition Not Recognized  Currency Somali shilling (SOS) Time zone EAT  -  Summer (DST) not observed (UTC+3... Italian Somaliland was an Italian colony that lasted, apart from a brief interlude of British rule, from the late 19th century until 1960 in the territory of the modern-day East African nation of Somalia. ...

Districts

The city is divided into five'degmo' or districts. Farjano, Faanoole, Siinaay, shaqaalaha and Calanleey. Because the city started with Calenleey, it is the oldest of all four districts. The district is home to a diverse group of Somalis, including the Baajuun, Hindi (Indian), Carab (Arabs), Mushunguli (Bantu), Barawaani (Bravanese), and many other minorities.

Somali Civil War

Main article: Somali Civil War

After the former Somali President Siad Barre was overthrown, Kismayo became a city in constant turmoil, fought over by warring clans vying for control of the area. There was prolonged fight for control of the city among various tribes. The Somali Civil War is an armed conflict in Somalia that started in 1988. ... Mohamed Siad Barre (Somali: Maxamed Siyaad Barre) (1919 – January 2, 1995) was the Head of State of Somalia from 1969 to 1991. ...

Islamic Courts Union

Main article: Rise of the Islamic Courts Union (2006)

On January 16, 2006, nine people were killed in heavy fighting, between factions of the Jubba Valley Alliance, for control of Kismayo. On September 24, 2006, Kismayo was invaded by the Islamic Courts Union (ICU).^[5] Combatants Islamic Courts Union Pro-Islamist Militias Alleged: Eritrea Foreign Jihadists ARPCT, comprising Various Warlords Transitional Federal Government Puntland Autonomous Region Rahanweyn Resistance Army Ethiopia[1] Alleged:  Uganda[2] Commanders Muhammad Ibraheem Bilal Hasan Hersi Turki Yusuf Siad Inda-Addeh Mukhtar Robow Adan Ayrow Barre Adan Shire Hirale (Jubaland), Abdi... is the 16th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 267th day of the year (268th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Motto: none Anthem: none Capital formerly Mogadishu and Kismayu Largest city n/a Official languages Somali and Arabic Government Sharia Krytocracy  - Executive Chairman Sharif Sheikh Ahmed  - Shura Chairman Hassan Dahir Aweys Civil War Faction Has not declared autonomy or independence   - Established June 6th 2006 in Mogadishu  Area  - Total not finalized...

War in Somalia

Main article: War in Somalia (2006–present)

Following a great loss of territory to an Ethiopian-TFG army in December 2006, the ICU first retreated to the capital, Mogadishu, but abandoned Mogadishu without conflict on 28 December 2006, moving south towards Kismayo and allowing TFG and Ethiopian troops to take over the capital.^[6] It was feared that the ICU would make a defiant last stand in Kismayu. When the Battle of Jilib began on 31 December 2006, clan elders within Kismayo reportedly demanded that the ICU leave the city. Mohammed Arab, a clan leader said "We told them that they were going to lose, and that our city would get destroyed."^[7] However, a mutiny within the ICU caused their forces to disintegrate, and abandon both Jilib and Kismayo. They were reported to be fleeing towards the Kenyan border.^[8] Combatants Islamic Courts Union Pro-Islamist militias Alleged:  Eritrea Foreign Mujahideen al-Qaeda South:  Ethiopia Transitional Government of Somalia  United States North:  Ethiopia Galmudug Puntland After the invasion: AMISOM Commanders Hassan Aweys Sharif Ahmed Hasan Hersi Adan Ayrow Barre Adan Shire Hirale Abdi Qeybdid (Galmudug) Adde Musa (Puntland) Meles Zenawi... Mogadishu (Somali: Muqdisho, popularly Xamar; Arabic: ; Italian: ), is the largest city in Somalia, and its capital. ... Combatants Islamic Courts Union Pro-Islamist Militias Foreign fighters Transitional Federal Government Ethiopia[1][2] The Fall of Mogadishu began on December 27, 2006, when the militaries of Somalias United Nations-approved Transitional Federal Government and Ethiopia surrounded the Somalian capital of Mogadishu after a swift string of TFG... is the 362nd day of the year (363rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Combatants Islamic Courts Union Pro-Islamist Militias Foreign fighters Transitional Federal Government (TFG) Ethiopia Commanders Sharif Sheik Ahmed Yusuf Hassan TFG: Barre Adan Shire Hiiraale Strength 3,000 Islamic militia and foreign mujahideen 60 technicals Ethiopian tanks, artillery, MiG fighter-bombers The Battle of Jilib was a battle in the... is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Combatants Islamic Courts Union Pro-Islamist Militias Foreign fighters Transitional Federal Government (TFG) Ethiopia Commanders Sharif Sheik Ahmed Yusuf Hassan TFG: Barre Adan Shire Hiiraale The Fall of Kismayo occurred on January 1, 2007, when the militaries of Somalias Transitional Federal Government (TFG) and Ethiopian troops entered the Somali... Jilib (other names: Gilib, Gelib, Jillib, Jillio) is a town in Somalia, with an estimated population of approximately 45,000. ...

See also

• Fall of Kismayo

Combatants Islamic Courts Union Pro-Islamist Militias Foreign fighters Transitional Federal Government (TFG) Ethiopia Commanders Sharif Sheik Ahmed Yusuf Hassan TFG: Barre Adan Shire Hiiraale The Fall of Kismayo occurred on January 1, 2007, when the militaries of Somalias Transitional Federal Government (TFG) and Ethiopian troops entered the Somali...

References

The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 2nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... MSNBC, a combination of MSN and NBC, is a 24-hour cable news channel in the United States and Canada, and a news website. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• Kismayo web portal

Coordinates: 0°21′37″S, 42°32′55.6″E Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...