Kitbuqa Noyen was the Christianlieutenant and confidant of Hulagu Khan, assisting him in his conquests in Persia and the Middle East. He was in command of one of the flanks which advanced on and sacked Baghdad, and he assisted in the conquest of Damascus. He was left in charge of the Mongol army remaining in the Middle East when Hulagu Khan returned to Mongolia after the death of his brother, the Great KhanMöngke, and was advancing towards Egypt when confronted by the Mamluk army. A Christian is a follower of Jesus of Nazareth. ... A Lieutenant is a military, paramilitary or police officer. ... Hulagu Khan (also known as Hülegü, and Hulegu) (1217 – 8 February 1265) was a Mongol ruler who conquered much of Southwest Asia. ... Persia and Persian can refer to: the Western name for Iran. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ... The Battle of Baghdad in 1258 is one of the most famous victories of Hulegu Khan, grandson of Ghengis Khan. ... Damascus by night, pictured from Jabal Qasioun; the green spots are minarets Damascus (Arabic officially دمشق Dimashq, colloquially ash-Sham الشام) is the capital city of Syria and is the oldest inhabited city in the world. ... Honorary guard of Mongolia. ... KHAGAN, alternatively spelled Chagan, Qaqan etc, is a title of royal or imperial rank in Mongolian and Turkic languages. ... Möngke Khan (1208-1259, also transliterated as Mongke, Mongka, Möngka, Mangu) was the fourth khan of the Mongol Empire. ... An Ottoman Mamluk, from 1810 Mamluks (also Mameluks, Mamelukes) (the Arabic word usually translates as owned, singular: مملوك plural: مماليك) comprised slave soldiers used by the Muslim caliphs and the Ottoman Empire, and who on more than one occasion seized power for themselves. ...
Kitbuqa was killed at Ain Jalut (spring of Goliath) in the Mongol defeat by the Mamlukes. Mamluk histories paint him as a great warrior who refused to retreat when the Mongols were clearly being overpowered at Ain Jalut, and who wanted death in battle over retreat and shame. Ironically, he was apparantly captured alive and executed. Mamluk histories say that he expected his death to be avenged by Hulagu Khan, which never occurred. Kitbuqa's death and the defeat of the Mongols at Ain Jalut marked the beginning of the end for the Mongol Empire. It was the first occasion they had been decisively defeated and failed to avenge such a loss. The Battle of Ain Jalut (or Ayn Jalut, the Spring of Goliath) took place on September 3, 1260 between the Mameluks and the Mongols in Palestine. ... The Mongol Empire (1206–1368) was the largest contiguous empire in world history. ...
His mother was a passionate Nestorian Christian, as was his wife, Dotuz Khatun and his closest friend and general, Kitbuqa.
Indeed, although the succession was finally settled by imprisonment of one of his brothers, and another elevated to Great Khan, (Kublai Khan), the truth is that after 1258 there was no unified Mongol Empire, but four separate kingdoms, including the Il-Khanate of Persia established by Hulagu.
In the meantime, the Mongols led by Kitbuqa had fallen out with the crusaders holding the coast of Palestine, and the Mamluks were able to ally with them, pass through their territory, and destroy the Mongol army at the Battle of Ain Jalut.
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