Kitos War
Roman Empire after 120
Date 115—117 Location Cyprus, Libya, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Judea, Syria Result Revolt was suppressed by the Roman Empire
Combatants
Roman Empire	Jews of Iudaea
Commanders
Lusius Quietus	Lukuas or Andreas
Casualties
Roman & Greek deaths: 200,000 in Cyrene, 240,000 in Cyprus (per Cassius Dio). Unknown deaths in Egypt, Mesopotamia, Judea, and Syria.	?

The Kitos War (115—117) [hebrew: mered ha'galoyot (מרד הגלויות) or mered ha'tfutzot (מרד התפוצות) trans: Rebellion of the exile] is the name given to the second of the Jewish-Roman wars. The name comes from the Mauretanian Roman general Lusius Quietus who ruthlessly suppressed a Jewish revolt in Mesopotamia and was sent to Iudaea to handle the revolt there as procurator under Trajan, a position he held until he was recalled to Rome and executed by Hadrian. Jewish-Roman War can refer to several revolts by the Jews of Judea against the Roman Empire: The First Jewish-Roman War (66–73 CE), sometimes called the First Jewish Revolt. ... Combatants Roman Empire Jews of Iudaea Province Commanders Vespasian, Titus Simon Bar-Giora, Yohanan mi-Gush Halav (John of Gischala), Eleazar ben Simon Strength 70,000? 1,100,000? Casualties Unknown 1,100,000? (majority Jewish civilian casualties) The first Jewish-Roman War (years 66–73 CE), sometimes called The... Combatants Roman Empire Jews of Iudaea Commanders Hadrian Simon Bar Kokhba Strength  ?  ? Casualties Unknown 580,000 Jews (mass civilian casualties), 50 fortified towns and 985 villages razed (per Cassius Dio). ... Image File history File links Roman_Empire_Map. ... Events Roman Empire Trajan was cut off in southern Mesopotamia after his invasion of that region and captures of the Parthian capital Ctesiphon. ... Trajan subdued a Judean revolt, then fell seriously ill, leaving Hadrian in command of the east. ... Motto Senatus Populusque Romanus (SPQR) The Roman Empire at its greatest extent, c. ... Iudaea was the name of a Roman province, which extended over Judaea (Palestine). ... Lusius Quietus was a Roman general and governor of Judea in AD 117 Originally a Moorish prince, his military ability won him the favor of Trajan, who even designated him as his successor. ... Andreas may refer to: St. ... Cassius Dio Cocceianus (ca. ... Events Roman Empire Trajan was cut off in southern Mesopotamia after his invasion of that region and captures of the Parthian capital Ctesiphon. ... Trajan subdued a Judean revolt, then fell seriously ill, leaving Hadrian in command of the east. ... Jewish-Roman War can refer to several revolts by the Jews of Judea against the Roman Empire: The First Jewish-Roman War (66–73 CE), sometimes called the First Jewish Revolt. ... Lusius Quietus was a Roman general and governor of Judea in AD 117 Originally a Moorish prince, his military ability won him the favor of Trajan, who even designated him as his successor. ... Mesopotamia refers to the region now occupied by modern Iraq, eastern Syria, southeastern Turkey, and Southwest Iran. ... Iudaea was the name of a Roman province, which extended over Judaea (Palestine). ... Template:Infobox boobies the Roman emperor This article is about the Roman Emperor. ... Publius Aelius Traianus Hadrianus (January 24, 76 – July 10, 138), known as Hadrian in English, apart of Stoic and Epicurean philosopher, he was a Roman emperor from 117 – 138, and a member of the gens Aelia. ...

In 115, the Roman army led by Trajan was fighting against one of its major enemies, the Parthian Empire. The diasporic Jews started a revolt in Cyrenaica that also involved Aegyptus and Cyprus. In Cyrene (Cyrenaica), the rebels (led by a Lukuas or Andreas, who called himself "king" according to Eusebius of Caesarea), destroyed many temples, including those to Hecate, Jupiter, Apollo, Artemis, and Isis, as well as the civil structures symbols of Rome, the Caesareum, the basilica, and the thermae. The Greek and Roman population was exterminated. Events Roman Empire Trajan was cut off in southern Mesopotamia after his invasion of that region and captures of the Parthian capital Ctesiphon. ... Template:Infobox boobies the Roman emperor This article is about the Roman Emperor. ... Parthian Empire at its greatest extent, c60 BCE. The Parthian Empire was the dominating force on the Iranian plateau beginning in the late 3rd century BCE, and intermittently controlled Mesopotamia between ca 190 BCE and 224 CE. Parthia was the arch-enemy of the Roman Empire in the east and... The Roman Empire ca. ... The Roman Empire ca. ... Cyrene, the ancient Greek city (in present-day Libya) was the oldest and most important of the five Greek cities in the region and gave eastern Libya the classical name Cyrenaica that it has retained to modern times. ... Eusebius of Caesarea Eusebius of Caesarea (c. ... For other uses, see Hecate (disambiguation). ... Jupiter et Thétis - by Jean Ingres, 1811. ... Lycian Apollo, early Imperial Roman copy of a fourth century Greek original (Louvre Museum) In Greek and Roman mythology, Apollo (Ancient Greek , Apóllōn; or , Apellōn), the ideal of the kouros (a beardless youth), was the archer-god of medicine and healing, light, truth, archery and also a... The Diana of Versailles, a Roman copy of a sculpture by Leochares (Louvre Museum) Artemis (Greek: nominative , genitive ) in Greek mythology the daughter of Zeus and of Leto and the twin sister of Apollo was one of the most widely venerated of the gods and manifestly one of the oldest... This article discusses the ancient goddess. ... St. ... Roman public baths in Bath, England. ...

According to the Jewish Encyclopedia, "...about 200,000 Romans and Greeks had been killed (Dio Cassius, lxviii. 32). By this outbreak Libya was depopulated to such an extent that a few years later new colonies had to be established there (Eusebius, "Chronicle" from the Armenian, fourteenth year of Hadrian). Bishop Synesius, a native of Cyrene in the beginning of the fifth century, speaks of the devastations wrought by the Jews ("Do Regno," p. 2).[1] The Jewish Encyclopedia was an encyclopedia originally published between 1901 and 1906 by Funk and Wagnalls. ... Synesius (c. ...

Then Lukuas moved towards Alexandria, entered the city abandoned by the Roman troops in Egypt led by governor Marcus Rutilius Lupus, and set fire to the city. The pagan temples and the tomb of Pompey were destroyed. Trajan sent new troops under the praefectus pretorius Quintus Marcius Turbo, but Egypt and Cyrenaica were pacified only in autumn 117. The situation was pacified also in Cyprus, where Jews led by Artemion had taken control of the island. According to the Jewish Encyclopedia, "Under the leadership of one Artemion, the Cyprian Jews participated in the great uprising against the Romans under Trajan (117), and they are reported to have massacred 240,000 Greeks (Dio Cassius, lxviii. 32)." [2] The Roman army reconquered the capital and the Jews were forbidden to live in the island. Alexandria (Greek: , Coptic: , Arabic: , Egyptian Arabic: Iskindireyya), (population of 3. ... We dont have an article called Marcus Rutilius Lupus Start this article Search for Marcus Rutilius Lupus in. ... Pompey, Pompey the Great or Pompey the Triumvir [1] (Classical Latin abbreviation: CN·POMPEIVS·CN·F·SEX·N·MAGNVS[2], Gnaeus or Cnaeus Pompeius Magnus) (September 29, 106 BC–September 29, 48 BC), was a distinguished military and political leader of the late Roman republic. ... Marcius Turbo (also referred to as Quintus Marcius Turbo) was a Roman general during the 2nd century who served under two of the Five Good Emperors, Trajan and Hadrian. ... Trajan subdued a Judean revolt, then fell seriously ill, leaving Hadrian in command of the east. ... The Jewish Encyclopedia was an encyclopedia originally published between 1901 and 1906 by Funk and Wagnalls. ... Template:Infobox boobies the Roman emperor This article is about the Roman Emperor. ...

A new revolt sprang up in Mesopotamia, while Trajan was leading his troops against the Parthians, in the Persic Gulf. Trajan reconquered Nisibis (Nusaybin in Turkey), the capital of Osroene Edessa, and Seleucia on the Tigris (Iraq), each of which housed ancient and important Jewish communities. After the end of the revolt, Trajan was uneasy with the situation, and sent the Mauretanian general Lusius Quietus, to kill Cypriot, Mesopotamian and Syrian Jewish suspects, appointing him governor of Iudaea. Mesopotamia refers to the region now occupied by modern Iraq, eastern Syria, southeastern Turkey, and Southwest Iran. ... Template:Infobox boobies the Roman emperor This article is about the Roman Emperor. ... The newly excavated Church of Saint Jacob in Nisibis. ... Osroene (also: Osrohene, Osrhoene; Syriac: ܡܠܟܘܬܐ Ü•Ü’ܝܬ Ü¥Ü£ÜªÜ Ü¥ÜÜ¢Ü¶Ü), also known by the name of its capital city, Edessa (modern Sanli Urfa, in Syriac: ܐܘܪܗܝ), was one of several kingdoms arising from the dissolution of the Seleucid Empire. ... The heritage of Roman Edessa survives today in these columns at the site of Urfa Castle, dominating the skyline of the modern city of Åžanlı Urfa. ... The name Seleucia may denote any one of several cities in the Seleucid Empire. ... In Antiquity, Mauretania was originally an independent Berber kingdom on the Mediterranean coast of north Africa (named after the Maure tribe, after whom the Moors were named), corresponding to western Algeria, and northern Morocco. ... Lusius Quietus was a Roman general and governor of Judea in AD 117 Originally a Moorish prince, his military ability won him the favor of Trajan, who even designated him as his successor. ...

The insurrection of the Jews of Cyrene, Cyprus, and Egypt in the last years of the emperor Trajan had not been entirely suppressed when Hadrian assumed the reins of government in 118. The seat of war was transferred to Iudaea, whither the Jewish leader Lukuas had fled.^[1] Marcius Turbo had pursued him, and had sentenced to death the brothers Julian and Pappus, who had been the soul of the rebellion. But Turbo was himself executed upon special orders sent from Rome, and the lives of the brothers were saved.^[2] Lusius Quietus, the conqueror of the Jews of Mesopotamia, was now in command of the Roman army in Iudaea, and laid siege to Lydda, where the Jews had gathered. The distress became so great that the patriarch Rabban Gamaliel II, who was shut up there and died soon afterward, permitted fasting even on Ḥanukkah. Other rabbis, such as the peace-loving R. Joshua b. Hananiah, condemned this measure.^[3] Soon afterward Lydda was taken and masses of the Jews were executed; the "slain of Lydda" are often mentioned in words of reverential praise in the Talmud.^[4] Pappus and Julian were among those executed by the Romans in the same year.^[5] The foregoing are the most important events of the campaign of Quietus as mentioned in rabbinical sources.^[6] Events The Roman Forum, which had been commissioned by the late Emperor Trajan, is finished. ... Lod (Hebrew לוד; Arabic اللد al-Ludd, Greco-Latin Lydda) is a city in the Center District of Israel in Israel. ... Gamaliel II was the son of Simon ben Gamaliel, one of Jerusalems foremost men in the war against the Romans (vide Josephus, Bellum Jud. ...

However, the situation was not easy for the Romans, who were obliged, under Hadrian to permanently move the Legio VI Ferrata to control Iudaea, and to counter the later Bar Kokhba's revolt. Publius Aelius Traianus Hadrianus (January 24, 76 – July 10, 138), known as Hadrian in English, apart of Stoic and Epicurean philosopher, he was a Roman emperor from 117 – 138, and a member of the gens Aelia. ... Legio VI Ferrata (Ironclad) was a Roman legion. ... Combatants Roman Empire Jews of Iudaea Commanders Hadrian Simon Bar Kokhba Strength  ?  ? Casualties Unknown 580,000 Jews (mass civilian casualties), 50 fortified towns and 985 villages razed (per Cassius Dio). ...

References and external links

• "BAR KOKBA AND BAR KOKBA WAR" article from Jewish Encyclopedia (public domain)
• "Cyprus: In Roman Times" article from Jewish Encyclopedia (public domain)
• "Cyrene" article from Jewish Encyclopedia (public domain)
• "The revolt against Trajan", from livius.org
• Eusebius Ecclesiastical History 4.2

Notes

1. ^ Abulfaraj, in Münter, "Der Jüdische Krieg," p. 18, Altona and Leipsic, 1821
2. ^ Sifra, Emor, viii. 9 [ed. Weiss, p. 99d]; Meg. Ta'anit xii.; Ta'anit 18b; Sem. viii.; Eccl. R. iii. 17
3. ^ Ta'anit ii. 10; Yer. Ta'anit ii. 66a; Yer. Meg. i. 70d; R. H. 18b
4. ^ Pes. 50a; B. B. 10b; Eccl. R. ix. 10
5. ^ Ta'anit 18b; Yer. Ta'anit 66b
6. ^ See also "Revue Etudes Juives," xxx. 212