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The kiwifruit is the edible fruit of a cultivar group of the woody vine Actinidia deliciosa and hybrids between this and other species in the genus Actinidia. The fruit is native to southern China. Download high resolution version (1000x746, 231 KB) Kiwi This image shows a whole and a cut kiwi. ...
For other uses, see Scientific classification (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Plant (disambiguation). ...
Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of land plants. ...
Orders See text. ...
Families See text. ...
Genera Actinidia Clematoclethra Saurauia Ref: Delta 2002-08-04 Actiniaceae is a small family of plants. ...
Species Between 40-60; see text. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
For other uses, see Fruit (disambiguation). ...
This Osteospermum Pink Whirls is a successful cultivar. ...
A woody plant is a vascular plant that has a stem (or more than one stem) that is lignified to a high degree. ...
This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
Binomial name Actinidia deliciosa C.F.Liang. ...
This article is about a biological term. ...
Species Between 40-60; see text. ...
The most common cultivars of kiwifruit are oval, about the size of a large hen's egg (5–8 cm / 2–3 in long and 4.5–5.5 cm / 1¾–2 in diameter). It has a fibrous, dull green-brown skin and bright green or golden flesh with rows of small, black, edible seeds. The texture of the fruit is soft and with a unique flavour. This Osteospermum Pink Whirls is a successful cultivar. ...
A centimetre (American spelling centimeter, symbol cm) is a unit of length that is equal to one hundredth of a metre, the current SI base unit of length. ...
An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
In North America, South America, Europe, and East Asia most people refer to the fruit simply as "kiwi", which is also the name of an indigenous New Zealand bird. Originally known as the Chinese Gooseberry, the fruit was renamed for marketing reasons in the mid-20th century after the country's national symbol, originally as melonette and then as kiwifruit in order to avoid a tariff on imported melons.[1] North America North America is a continent [1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ...
South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ...
For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ...
East Asia Geographic East Asia. ...
Species See text. ...
A national symbol is a symbol of any entity considering itself and manifesting itself to the world as a national community – namely sovereign states, but also nations and countries in a state of colonial or other dependence, (con)federal integration, or even an ethnocultural community considered a nationality despite the...
History
 Kiwi fruit output in 2005 Actinidia deliciosa is native to southern China, where it is declared as the "National Fruit" of the People's Republic of China.[2] Other species of Actinidia are also found in China and range east to Japan and north into southeastern Siberia. Cultivation spread from China in the early 20th century, when seeds were introduced to New Zealand by Isabel Fraser, the principal of Wanganui Girls' College, who had been visiting mission schools in China. The seeds were planted in 1906 by a Wanganui nurseryman, Alexander Allison, with the vines first fruiting in 1910. Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_New_Zealand. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_Chile. ...
Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_Greece. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_Japan. ...
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Image File history File links Flag_of_Iran. ...
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UN and U.N. redirect here. ...
FAO redirects here. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 351 pixelsFull resolution (1425 × 625 pixel, file size: 58 KB, MIME type: image/png)This bubble map shows the global distribution of kiwifruit output in 2005 as a percentage of the top producer (Italy - 415,050 tonnes). ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 351 pixelsFull resolution (1425 × 625 pixel, file size: 58 KB, MIME type: image/png)This bubble map shows the global distribution of kiwifruit output in 2005 as a percentage of the top producer (Italy - 415,050 tonnes). ...
This article is about Siberia as a whole. ...
Wanganui is an urban area and district on the west coast of the North Island of New Zealand. ...
The familiar cultivar Actinidia deliciosa 'Hayward' was developed by Hayward Wright in Avondale, New Zealand around 1924. It was initially grown in domestic gardens, but commercial planting began in the 1940s. Italy is now the leading producer of kiwifruit in the world, followed by New Zealand, Chile, France, Greece, Japan and the United States. Kiwifruit is still produced in its birthplace China, but China has never made it to the top 10 list of kiwifruit producing countries. In China, it is grown mainly in the mountainous area upstream of the Yangtze River. It is also grown in other areas of China, including Sichuan. Avondale is the name of suburbs in the cities of Auckland and New Zealand. ...
The Yangtze River or Chang Jiang (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), or Drichu in Tibetan (Tibetan: འབ; Wylie: bri chu) is the longest river in Asia and the third longest in the world, after the Nile in Africa, and the Amazon in South America. ...
(Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: SzÅ4-chuan1; Postal map spelling: Szechwan and Szechuan) is a province in the central-western China with its capital at Chengdu. ...
Names This fruit had a long history before it was commercialised as kiwifruit and therefore had many other older names.
In Chinese:[3]
- Macaque peach (獼猴桃 míhóu táo): the most common name
- Macaque pear (猕猴梨 míhóu lí)
- Vine pear (藤梨 téng lí)
- Sunny peach (阳桃 yáng táo)
- Wood berry (木子 mù zi)
- Hairy bush fruit (毛木果 máo yee goh)
- Unusual fruit or wonder fruit (奇異果 qíyì guǒ): the most common name in Taiwan and Hong Kong (奇異果 kay yee goh). A quasi-transliteration of "kiwifruit", literally "strange fruit".
When introduced to New Zealand by Isabel Fraser it was called yáng táo in China. People in New Zealand thought it had a gooseberry flavour and began to call it the Chinese gooseberry, although it is not related to the Grossulariaceae (gooseberry) family. For other uses, see Macaca. ...
Binomial name (L.) Batsch Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Binomial name L. Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ribes uva-crispa See Physalis peruviana for the tomato-like fruit commonly known as the Cape gooseberry and kiwifruit for the fruit sometimes known as the Chinese gooseberry. ...
For the commune of the Ardèche in southern France, see Ribes, France. ...
New Zealand exported the fruit to the US in the 1950s. Among the exporters was the prominent produce company Turners and Growers, who were calling the berries melonettes, because the name Chinese gooseberry had political connotations due to the Cold War. An American importer, Norman Sondag of San Francisco, complained that melonettes was as bad as Chinese gooseberry because melons and berries were both subject to high import tariffs. In June 1959, during a meeting of Turners and Growers management in Auckland, Jack Turner suggested the name kiwifruit which was adopted and later became the industry-wide name.[4] For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ...
San Francisco redirects here. ...
For other uses, see Auckland (disambiguation). ...
Most New Zealand kiwifruit is now marketed under the brand-name label Zespri which is trademarked by a marketing company domiciled in New Zealand, ZESPRI International. The branding move also served to distinguish New Zealand kiwifruit from fruit produced by other countries who could cash in on the "Kiwi" name, as it was not trademarked. From 2005, Zespri launched a new promotional campaign worldwide featuring Japanese superstar Ayumi Hamasaki as their spokeswoman. Ayumi Hamasaki , born October 2, 1978) is an award-winning J-pop singer. ...
Cultivars Almost all kiwifruit in commerce belong to a few cultivars of Actinidia deliciosa: 'Hayward', 'Chico', and 'Saanichton 12'. The fruit of these cultivars are practically indistinguishable from each other and match the description of a standard kiwifruit given at the head of this article. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 533 pixelsFull resolution (2340 × 1560 pixel, file size: 3. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 533 pixelsFull resolution (2340 × 1560 pixel, file size: 3. ...
A new Cultivar Group of Actinidia chinensis known as Gold Kiwifruit or "Chinabelle", with yellow flesh and sweeter, less acidic flavour resembling a tropical fruit salad, was produced by the New Zealand Crown Research Institute, HortResearch and is being marketed worldwide in increasing volumes. Some wild vines in China have yellow fruit but are small and not commercially viable. Seeds from these plants were imported to New Zealand in 1987 and the company took 11 years to develop the new fruit through cross-pollination and grafting with green kiwi vines. Gold Kiwifruit have a smooth, bronze skin, a pointed cap at one end and distinctive golden yellow flesh with a less tart and more tropical flavour than green kiwifruit. It has a higher market price than green kiwifruit. Unlike the green cultivars, it is less hairy, so it can be eaten whole after rubbing off the thin, fluffy coat. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Fruit salad with kiwifruit, strawberries and oranges. ...
In the New Zealand state sector, a Crown Research Institute or CRI consists of a State-owned, semi-commercialised entity charged with conducting scientific research. ...
HortResearch (Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Limited) is a Crown Research Institute of New Zealand. ...
Food value Kiwifruit is a rich source of vitamin C, 1.5 times the DRI scale in the US. Its potassium content by weight is slightly less than that of a banana. It also contains vitamins A and E. The skin is a good source of flavonoid antioxidants. The kiwifruit seed oil contains on average 62% alpha-linolenic acid, an omega-3 fatty acid.[5] This image shows a whole kiwi in the background with a sliced one in the foreground. ...
This image shows a whole kiwi in the background with a sliced one in the foreground. ...
This article is about the nutrient. ...
The Dietary Reference Intake is a system of nutrition recommendations from the Institute of Medicine of the USA National Academy (IOM). ...
General Name, symbol, number potassium, K, 19 Chemical series alkali metals Group, period, block 1, 4, s Appearance silvery white Standard atomic weight 39. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
The structure of retinol, the most common dietary form of vitamin A Vitamin A is an essential human nutrient. ...
Tocopherol, or Vitamin E, is a fat-soluble vitamin in eight forms that is an important antioxidant. ...
Molecular structure of the flavone backbone (2-phenyl-1,4-benzopyrone) The term flavonoid refers to a class of plant secondary metabolites. ...
An antioxidant is a chemical that prevents the oxidation of other chemicals. ...
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is a polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid. ...
See Nomenclature of essential fatty acids for terms and discussion of ω (omega) nomenclature. ...
Kiwifruit is often reported to have mild laxative effects, possibly because of the high level of dietary fibre.[6] Laxatives (or purgatives are foods, compounds, or drugs taken to induce bowel movements, most often taken to treat constipation. ...
Dietary fibers are long-chain carbohydrates (polysaccharides) that are indigestible by the human digestive tract. ...
Raw kiwifruit is also rich in the protein-dissolving enzyme actinidin, (in the same family of thiol proteases as papain), which is commercially useful as a meat tenderizer but can be an allergen for some individuals. Specifically, people allergic to latex, papayas or pineapples are likely to be allergic to kiwifruit also. Reactions include tingling and sore mouth; swelling of the lips, tongue and face; rash; vomiting and abdominal pain; and, in the most severe cases, breathing difficulties, wheezing and collapse. The most common symptoms were unpleasant itching and soreness of the mouth, with the most common severe symptom being wheezing. Severe symptoms were most likely to occur in young children. Actinidin is a protein digesting enzyme present in kiwifruit. ...
Sulphydryl // In organic chemistry, a thiol is a compound that contains the functional group composed of a sulfur atom and a hydrogen atom (-SH). ...
Proteases (proteinases, peptidases, or proteolytic enzymes) are enzymes that break peptide bonds between amino acids of proteins. ...
Papain is a protease enzyme (EC 3. ...
An allergen is any substance (antigen), most often eaten or inhaled, that is recognized by the immune system and causes an allergic reaction. ...
This article is about the typesetting system. ...
Binomial name L. This article is about the fruit. ...
For other uses, see Pineapple (disambiguation). ...
This enzyme makes raw kiwifruit unsuitable for use in desserts containing milk or any other dairy products which are not going to be served within hours, because it soon begins to digest milk proteins. This applies to gelatin-based desserts as well, as the actinidin will dissolve the collagen proteins in gelatin very quickly, either liquifying the dessert, or preventing it from solidifying. However, the U.S. Department of Agriculture suggests that cooking the fruit for a few minutes before adding it to the gelatin will overcome this effect.[7] Sliced kiwifruit has long been regularly used as a garnish atop whipped cream on one of New Zealand and Australia's favourite desserts, the pavlova. A glass of cows milk. ...
A dairy farm near Oxford, New York in the United States. ...
USDA redirects here. ...
A pavlova bought from a Foodtown in New Zealand. ...
Cultivation
 Kiwifruit orchard, North Island, New Zealand Kiwifruit can be grown in most temperate climates with adequate summer heat. Where Actinidia deliciosa is not hardy, other species can be grown as substitutes. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (993x660, 478 KB) Summary Kiwi Fruit orchard, The North Island, New Zealand (20 January 2005. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (993x660, 478 KB) Summary Kiwi Fruit orchard, The North Island, New Zealand (20 January 2005. ...
Kiwifruit is commercially grown on sturdy support structures, as it can produce several tonnes per hectare, more than the rather weak vines can support. These are generally equipped with a watering system for irrigation and frost protection in the spring.
Kiwifruit vines require vigorous pruning, similar to that of grapevines. Fruit is borne on one-year-old and older canes, but production declines as each cane ages. Canes should be pruned off and replaced after their third year.
Kiwifruit plants are normally dioecious, meaning that individual plants are male or female. Only female plants bear fruit, and only when pollenized by a male plant. One male pollenizer is required for each three to eight female vines. An exception is the cultivar 'Issai', a hybrid (Actinidia arguta x rufa) from Japan, which produces perfect flowers and can self-pollinate; unfortunately it lacks vigour, is less hardy than most A. arguta forms and is not a large producer. Close-up of an Echinopsis spachiana flower, showing both carpels and stamen, making it a complete flower. ...
The words pollenizer (polleniser) and pollinator are often confused. ...
Kiwifruit is notoriously difficult to pollinate because the flowers are not very attractive to bees. Some producers blow collected pollen over the female flowers. But generally the most successful approach is saturation pollination, where the bee populations are made so large (by placing hives in the orchards) that bees are forced to use this flower because of intense competition for all flowers within flight distance. The kiwi tree is actually a vine. Pollination is an important step in the reproduction of seed plants: the transfer of pollen grains (male gametes) to the plant carpel, the structure that contains the ovule (female gamete). ...
Saturation pollination is a pollination technique for agricultural crops that are normally avoided by beekeepers because they do not yield a honey crop, or when bees are used in excess of the number that would be placed near the crop for honey production. ...
Male flower Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2560x1920, 1953 KB) Description: Female Kiwi-flower, about 5 cm in diameter Photo by: Mnolf Location: Rum, Tirol, Austria Date: 05. ...
| Male flowers Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 576 pixelsFull resolution (2216 × 1596 pixels, file size: 421 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ...
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Preparation and consumption
 Kiwifruit farm in Himachal Pradesh, India
 A kiwifruit spoon specifically designed for eating kiwifruit Kiwifruit can be eaten whole, like an apple (and rarely including the skin, which increases the tartness), cut in half and eaten like a passion fruit or peeled and sliced, like a pineapple. For people who prefer not to eat the skin, the fruit can be cut in half and then the flesh scooped out with a spoon. Kiwifruit is sometimes sold with a plastic tool designed for this purpose with a spoon at one end and a knife at the other. Another method is to slice the fruit into several rounds about 5 mm (¼ in) thick, possibly cutting each round into quarters, and serving it, skin-on, as a platter or with plain yogurt. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2816 × 2112 pixel, file size: 2. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2816 × 2112 pixel, file size: 2. ...
, Himachal Pradesh (Hindi: हिमाचल पà¥à¤°à¤¦à¥‡à¤¶, IPA: ) is a state in the north-west of India. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1229x819, 157 KB) Made by me. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1229x819, 157 KB) Made by me. ...
The fruit of Passiflora edulis Passion fruit (Portuguese: Maracuj ) comes from passion flower vines, plants of the genus Passiflora, native to tropical and sub-tropical America. ...
Kiwifruit can be peeled using a potato peeler, drawing up from the bottom towards the thicker, harder end where the fruit was attached to its branch. Cutting "against the grain" releases juice which lubricates the blade and a swifter, cleaner cut results.
Notes Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Image File history File links Commons-logo. ...
Image File history File links Wikispecies-logo. ...
Wikispecies is a wiki-based online project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation that aims to create a comprehensive free content catalogue of all species (including animalia, plantae, fungi, bacteria, archaea, and protista). ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...
is the 127th day of the year (128th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...
is the 162nd day of the year (163rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 336th day of the year (337th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
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