Kleptomania (Greek: κλέπτειν, kleptein, "to steal", μανία, "mania") is an inability or great difficulty in resisting impulses of stealing. Frequently this term is used for riches that steal something. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or disease. ... The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) is a coding of diseases and signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or diseases, as classified by the World Health Organization (WHO). ... // F00-F99 - Mental and behavioural disorders (F00-F09) Organic, including symptomatic, mental disorders (F00) Dementia in Alzheimers disease (F01) Vascular dementia (F011) Multi-infarct dementia (F02) Dementia in other diseases classified elsewhere (F020) Dementia in Picks disease (F021) Dementia in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (F022) Dementia in Huntingtons... The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or disease. ... The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. ... This article is an expansion of a section entitled Mania from within the main article Bipolar disorder. ...

People with this disorder are compelled to steal things, generally things of little or no value, such as pens, paper clips, tape, small toys, or packets of sugar. Some may not be aware that they have committed the theft. The majority of kleptomaniacs have preferences to certain items (again, usually subconsciously); for example, batteries or TV remotes.^{[citation needed]} Pens can refer to: Pen , Fountain pens - writing instruments Pens (Game) PENS (software) Japanese pens and stationery A nickname for the Pittsburgh Penguins Category: ... Metal paperclip A paperclip is a device which holds several sheets of paper together by means of pressure: it leaves the paper intact and can be easily removed. ... Look up Tape in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A teddy bear A toy is an object used in play. ... This article is about sugar as food and as an important and widely-traded commodity. ... Look up item in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For other uses, see Battery. ...

Kleptomania was first officially recognized in the US as a mental disorder in the 1960's in the case of the state of California v. Douglas Jones.

Kleptomania is distinguished from shoplifting or ordinary theft, as shoplifters and thieves generally steal for monetary value, or associated gains and usually display intent or premeditation, while people with kleptomania are not necessarily contemplating the value of the items they steal or even the theft until they are compelled. Of all reported shoplifting, only 1% are actually kleptomaniacs The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. ... A young waif steals a pair of boots Stealing redirects here. ...

Although a kleptomaniac may steal uncontrollably without realization, judicial courts in the United Kingdom and United States generally do not accept kleptomania as an affirmative defense.^{[citation needed]} This disorder usually begins during puberty and usually lasts until late adulthood. In some cases, the disorder may never stop and lasts throughout the person's life. People with this disorder are likely to have a comorbid condition, specifically paranoid, schizoid or borderline personality disorder.^[1] Kleptomania can occur after traumatic brain injury and carbon monoxide poisoning.^[2][3] In the law, the judiciary or judicial system is the system of courts which administer justice in the name of the sovereign or state, a mechanism for the resolution of disputes. ... An affirmative defense is a defense used in litigation between private parties in common law jurisdictions. ... In medicine and in psychiatry, comorbidity refers to: The presence of one or more disorders (or diseases) in addition to a primary disease or disorder. ... Paranoid personality disorder is a psychiatric diagnosis characterized by paranoia characterized by a pervasive and long-standing suspiciousness and generalized mistrust of others. ... Schizoid redirects here. ... Borderline Personality Disorder (DSM-IV Personality Disorders 301. ... Traumatic brain injury (TBI), traumatic injuries to the brain, also called intracranial injury, or simply head injury, occurs when a sudden trauma causes brain damage. ... Carbon monoxide poisoning occurs after the inhalation of carbon monoxide gas. ...

Kleptomania is usually thought of as part of the obsessive-compulsive disorder spectrum, although emerging evidence suggests that it may be more similar to addictive and mood disorders. In particular, this disorder is frequently co-morbid with substance use disorders, and it is common for individuals with kleptomania to have first-degree relatives who suffer from a substance use disorder.^[4] This article is about the concept of addiction. ... A mood disorder is a condition where the prevailing emotional mood is distorted or inappropriate to the circumstances. ...

Diagnosis

The DSM-IV-TR lists the following five criteria for kleptomania: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association, is the handbook used most often in diagnosing mental disorders in the United States and other countries. ...

• Recurrent failure to resist impulses to steal objects that are not needed for personal use or for their monetary value.
• Increasing sense of tension immediately before committing the theft.
• Pleasure, gratification, or relief at the time of committing the theft.
• The stealing is not committed to express anger or revenge and is not in response to a delusion or a hallucination.
• The stealing is not better accounted for by conduct disorder, a manic episode, or antisocial personality disorder.

This article is about the emotion. ... For other uses, see Revenge (disambiguation). ... A delusion is commonly defined as a fixed false belief and is used in everyday language to describe a belief that is either false, fanciful or derived from deception. ... A hallucination is a perception in the absence of a stimulus that the person may or may not believe is real. ... Conduct disorder is a psychiatric category to describe a pattern of repetitive behavior where the rights of others or the social norms are violated. ... A manic episode is a period of unusually high energy, sometimes including uncontrollable excitement. ... Antisocial personality disorder (APD) is a mental disorder defined by the American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual: The essential feature for the diagnosis is a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood. ...

Treatments

Kleptomania has several different treatments. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is recommended as an adjuvant to medication. Cognitive therapy or cognitive behavior therapy is a kind of psychotherapy used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, phobias, and other forms of psychological disorder. ... In medicine, adjuvants are agents which modify the effect of other agents while having few if any direct effects when given by themselves. ...

Some medications that are used for people diagnosed with kleptomania are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, mood stabilizers and opioid antagonists.^[5] The only open-trial of medication for kleptomania showed naltrexone significantly reduced the intensity of urges to steal, stealing thoughts and stealing behavior.^[6] A similar three year follow-up of patients treated only with naltrexone showed a clinically significant reduction in kleptomanic behavior.^[7] Doctors in the US have been treating diagnosed kleptomaniacs with mood-altering drugs such as Prozac and Seroxat, on the presumption that it could be triggered by changes in the levels of serotonin in the brain, which is what they think happens in depression. Psychological counselling, to get at the underlying causes of unhappiness, is more likely to effect a long-term cure. Discussing the disorders with others with the same condition was also noted to help. SSRI redirects here; for other uses, see SSRI (disambiguation). ... A mood stabilizer is a psychiatric medication used to treat mood disorders characterized by rapid and unstable mood shifts. ... An opioid is any agent that binds to opioid receptors found principally in the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. ... Naltrexone is an opioid receptor antagonist used primarily in the management of alcohol dependence and opioid dependence. ...

Relationship to OCD

Kleptomania is often thought of being a part of obsessive-compulsive disorder, since the irresistible and uncontrollable actions are similar to the frequently excessive, unnecessary and unwanted rituals of OCD. Some individuals with kleptomania demonstrate hoarding symptoms that resemble those with OCD.^[8]. Prevalence rates between the two disorders do not demonstrate a strong relationship. Studies examining the comorbidity of OCD in subjects with kleptomania have inconsistent results, with some showing a relatively high co-occurrence (45%-60%)^[9][10] while others demonstrate low rates (0%-6.5%).^[11][12] Similarly, when rates of kleptomania have been examined in subjects with OCD, a relatively low co-occurrence was found(2.2%-5.9%).^{[13] [6]}

References