KV1 model 1941
KV1 model 1940 s ekranami (with appliqué), or KV1-E
Type	heavy tank
Place of origin	Soviet Union
Specifications
Weight	45 tonnes
Length	6.75 m
Width	3.32 m
Height	2.71 m
Crew	5
Armor	90 mm
Primary armament	76.2 mm gun model F-34
Secondary armament	4×DT machine guns
Engine	12-cyl. diesel model V-2 600 hp (450 kW)
Power/weight	13 hp/tonne
Suspension	Torsion bar
Operational range	335 km
Speed	35 km/h

The Kliment Voroshilov (KV) tanks were a series of Soviet heavy tanks, named after the Soviet defense commissar and politician Kliment Voroshilov. At the time of the German invasion of the Soviet Union in World War II, about 500 KV tanks (with about 1,000 T-34 medium tanks) comprised a portion of Soviet tank forces which was clearly superior to German tanks of the period. Image File history File links Kv1e. ... Military vehicles are commonly armoured to withstand the impact of shrapnel, bullets or shells, protecting the soldiers inside from enemy fire. ... The F-34 76. ... The Ruchnoy Pulemyot Degtyarev pakhotnyi (Degtyarev hand-held infantry machine gun), more commonly called the DP-28, was a light machine gun used by the Soviet Union starting in 1928. ... Tank classification can be done either by weight or by role. ...   (Russian: ), popularly known as Klim Voroshilov (Russian: ) (February 4 [O.S. January 23] 1881 – December 2, 1969) was a Soviet military commander and politician. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... The T-34 is a Soviet medium tank produced from 1940–58. ... Tanks Panzer I The Panzer I wasnt intended as a combat vehicle, but more to familiarise industry and the army with tanks. ...

Development history

After disappointing results with the multi-turreted T-35 heavy tank, Soviet tank designers started drawing up replacements. The T-35 conformed to the 1920s notion of a 'breakthrough tank' with very heavy firepower, but poor mobility and armor protection. The Spanish Civil War demonstrated the need for much heavier armor on tanks, and was the main influence on Soviet tank design just prior to World War II. The T-35 was a Soviet multi-turreted heavy tank of the interwar period and early Second World War that saw limited production and service with the Red Army. ... Combatants Spanish Republic With the support of: Soviet Union[1] Nationalist Spain With the support of: Italy Germany Commanders Manuel Azaña Francisco Largo Caballero Juan Negrín Francisco Franco Gonzalo Queipo de Llano Emilio Mola José Sanjurjo Casualties 500,000[2] The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

The T-100 (pictured) and SMK were competing designs originally specified with five turrets, reduced to three, and finally built with two.

Several competing designs were offered, and even more were drawn up prior to reaching prototype stage. All had heavy armor, torsion-bar suspension, wide tracks, and were of welded and cast construction. One of the main competing designs was the SMK, which lowered the number of turrets from the T-35's five to two, mounting the same combination of 76.2 mm and 45 mm weapons. When two prototypes were ordered though, it was decided to create one with only a single turret, but more armour. This new single-turret tank was the KV. The smaller hull size and single turret enabled the designer to add more armor while keeping the weight within manageable limits. Image File history File links T-100. ... Image File history File links T-100. ... Torsion beam suspension, also known as a torsion bar or torsion spring suspension, is a vehicle suspension system. ...

The KV-2 Heavy Artillery Tank's 152-mm howitzer was housed in an enormous turret. It was called the Dreadnought by its crews (Zaloga 1984:118–19).

When the Soviets entered the Winter War, the SMK, KV and a third design, the T-100, were sent to be tested in combat conditions. The heavy armour of the KV proved highly resilient to Finnish anti-tank weapons, making it more effective than the other designs. It was soon put into production, both as the original 76-mm-armed KV-1 Heavy Tank and the 152 mm howitzer-mounting assault gun, the KV-2 Heavy Artillery Tank. Image File history File links KW-2_1940. ... Image File history File links KW-2_1940. ... 19th century 12 pounder (5 kg) mountain howitzer displayed by the National Park Service at Fort Laramie in Wyoming, USA A howitzer is a type of artillery piece that is characterized by a relatively short barrel and the use of comparatively small explosive charges to propel projectiles at trajectories with... Corbelled corner turrets at Newark Castle, Port Glasgow. ... Combatants Finland Soviet Union Commanders Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim Kliment Voroshilov, later Semyon Timoshenko Strength 250,000 men 30 tanks 130 aircraft[1][2] 1,000,000 men 3,000 tanks 3,800 aircraft[3][4] Casualties 26,662 dead 39,886 wounded 1,000 captured[5] 126,875 dead... The T-100 was a tank developed by the Russians in 1934 and 1935. ... Anti-tank, or simply AT, refers to any method of combating military armored fighting vehicles, notably tanks. ... 19th century 12 pounder (5 kg) mountain howitzer displayed by the National Park Service at Fort Laramie in Wyoming, USA A howitzer is a type of artillery piece that is characterized by a relatively short barrel and the use of comparatively small explosive charges to propel projectiles at trajectories with... German StuG III with high-velocity 75 mm gun, 1943 An assault gun is a gun or howitzer mounted on a motor vehicle or armored chassis, designed for use in the direct fire role in support of infantry when attacking other infantry or fortified positions. ...

The 45-ton KV outweighed most other tanks of the era, being about twice as heavy as the heaviest contemporary German tanks. The KV's strengths included armor that was impenetrable by any tank-mounted weapon then in service except at pointblank range, good firepower, and good traction on soft ground. Along with these strengths, its flaws were quite serious. It was very slow and difficult to steer. The transmission was unreliable. The ergonomics were poor, with limited visibility and no turret basket. Its weight tended to strain smaller bridges. As improvements were made, no thought was put into upgrading the engine, making it slower with the more armor added.

Further development

KV-1E produced in 1941, displayed in Finnish Tank Museum in Parola

By 1942, when the Germans were fielding large numbers of long-barrelled 50-mm and 75-mm guns, the KVs armor was no longer invincible, and other flaws came to the fore. While its 76.2 mm gun was adequate, it was the same gun as carried by smaller, faster, and cheaper T-34 medium tanks. It was much more difficult to manufacture and thus more expensive than the T-34. In short, its advantages no longer outweighed its drawbacks. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1099x657, 436 KB) Soviet KV-1E tank manufactured in 1941 and captured by the Finns in late 1941, displayed in Finnish Tank Museum (Panssarimuseo) in Parola. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1099x657, 436 KB) Soviet KV-1E tank manufactured in 1941 and captured by the Finns in late 1941, displayed in Finnish Tank Museum (Panssarimuseo) in Parola. ... Parola is a town in the municipality of Hattula in Finland. ... German PaK 40 75 mm anti-tank gun The PaK 40 was a German 75 mm anti-tank gun developed in 1939-1941 by Rheinmetall and used during the Second World War. ... The T-34 is a Soviet medium tank first produced in 1940. ...

Nonetheless, because of its initial superior performance, the KV-1 was chosen as one the few tanks to continue production following the Soviet reorganization of tank production. Due to the new standardization, it shared the same engine, gun and transmission as the T-34, was built in large quantities, and received frequent upgrades. The T-34 is a Soviet medium tank first produced in 1940. ...

When production shifted to the Ural mountain 'Tankograd' complex, the KV-2 was dropped. The KV-2, while impressive on paper, had been designed as a slow-moving bunker-buster. It was less useful in the type of highly mobile, fluid warfare that developed in WW2. The turret was so heavy it was difficult to traverse on non-level terrain, and it was expensive to produce. Only about 250 KV-2s were made, all in 1940-41, making it one of the rarer Soviet tanks. Chelyabinsk (Russian Челя́бинск; also transliterated as Cheljabinsk, Čeljabinsk, and Čelyabinsk) is a Russian city just to the east of the Ural Mountains. ...

KV-1 produced in 1942, displayed in Finnish Tank Museum in Parola

As the war continued, the KV-1 continued to get more armour to compensate for the increasing effectiveness of German weapons. This culminated in the KV-1 model 1942 (KV-1C), which was protected by very heavy armour, but lacked a corresponding improvement to the engine. Tankers complained that although they were well-protected, their mobility was poor and they had no firepower advantage over the T-34 medium tank. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1099x680, 484 KB) Soviet KV-1 tank manufactured in 1942 and captured by the Finns in April 1942, displayed in Finnish Tank Museum (Panssarimuseo) in Parola. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1099x680, 484 KB) Soviet KV-1 tank manufactured in 1942 and captured by the Finns in April 1942, displayed in Finnish Tank Museum (Panssarimuseo) in Parola. ...

In response to criticisms, the lighter KV-1S (Russian language: КВ-1С) was released, with thinner armour and a smaller, lower turret in order to reclaim some speed. Importantly, the KV-1S also had a commander's cupola with all-around vision blocks, a first for a Soviet heavy tank. However, the thinning-out of the armor called into question why the tank was being produced at all, when the T-34 could seemingly do everything a KV could do, much more cheaply. The Soviet heavy tank program was close to cancellation in mid-1943.

The appearance of the German Panther tank in the summer of 1943 convinced the Red Army to make a serious upgrade of its tank force for the first time since 1941. Soviet tanks needed bigger guns to take on the growing numbers of Panthers and the few Tigers. The Panther ( ) was a tank fielded by Germany in World War II that served from mid-1943 to the end of the European war in 1945. ...

A stopgap upgrade to the KV series was the short-lived KV-85. This was a KV-1S with a new turret designed for the KV-13, mounting the same 85 mm D-5T gun as the SU-85 and early versions of the T-34-85. Already-high demand for the gun slowed production of the KV-85 tremendously, and only 130 were built before the KV design was replaced. The KV-85 was produced in the fall and winter of 1943-44, and most were expended that spring and summer. The 85mm M39 was one of the most prolific and widespread Soviet antiaircraft guns, and many were used all the way into the 1970s. ... The SU-85 was a Soviet self-propelled gun used during World War II. History The SU-85 was based on the earlier SU-122, which itself was based on the T-34. ...

Successor

A new heavy tank design entered production late in 1943 based on the work done on the KV-13. Because Kliment Voroshilov had fallen out of political favour, the new heavy tank series was named the Iosif Stalin tank, after Iosif (Joseph) Stalin. The KV-13 program's IS-85 prototype was accepted for production as the IS-1 heavy tank. After testing with both 100 mm and 122 mm guns, the 122 mm gun was selected as the main armament of the new tank. Proving-ground tests showed that the larger A-19 122 mm gun could defeat the armour of the German Panther tank. The 122 mm fired a much larger HE round than the 100 mm and there was a surplus of production capacity for the gun and ammunition. The IS-122 design replaced the IS-85, and began mass production as the IS-2. The 85 mm gun saw service in the lighter SU-85 and T-34-85. Tank classification can be done either by weight or by role. ...   (Russian: ), popularly known as Klim Voroshilov (Russian: ) (February 4 [O.S. January 23] 1881 – December 2, 1969) was a Soviet military commander and politician. ... The Iosif Stalin tank (or IS tank, named after the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin), was a heavy tank developed by the Soviet Union during World War II. The tanks in the series are also sometimes called JS or ИС tanks. ... Versions of the D-10 were mounted on new T-54 and T-55 tanks until at least 1979, as well as on Chinese Type 59s. ... A-19 was a Soviet 122 mm field gun developed in early 1930s. ... The Panther ( ) was a tank fielded by Germany in World War II that served from mid-1943 to the end of the European war in 1945. ... The Iosef Stalin tank, named after Joseph Stalin, was a heavy tank developed by the Soviet Union during World War II. It is sometimes transliterated Iosif Stalin, from the Russian, Иосиф Сталин. The tanks in the series are also sometimes called... The SU-85 was a Soviet self-propelled gun used during World War II. History The SU-85 was based on the earlier SU-122, which itself was based on the T-34. ...

A destroyed Soviet KV-1 in September 1941, during Operation Barbarossa

Some KVs remained in service right up to the end of the war, although in greatly diminishing numbers as they wore out or were knocked out. The 260th Guards Heavy Breakthrough Tank Regiment, based on the Leningrad front, operated a number of 1941-vintage KV-1s at least as late as the summer of 1944 before re-equipping with IS-2s. A regiment of KVs saw service in Manchuria in August 1945, and a few KV-85s were used in the Crimea in the summer of 1944. The Finnish forces had two KVs, a Model 1940 and Model 1941, both of which received minor upgrades in their service, and both of which survived the war. A single captured KV-2 was used by German forces in 1945 against US forces in the Ruhr. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The current version of this article or section is written in an informal style and with a personally invested tone. ... British regiment A regiment is a military unit, consisting of a variable number of battalions - commanded by a colonel. ...

Models

Note: the Soviets did not recognize production models of KV-1 during the war, therefore designations like model 1939 (or M1939, Russian: Obr. 1939) were introduced later in military publications. These designations however are not strict and describe leading changes, while other changes might be adapted earlier or later in specific production batches. Designations like KV-1A were applied by the Germans during the war.

• KV-1
  • Model 1939
    

    KV-1 model 1939
    – First production models, these tanks were prone to frequent breakdowns, but were highly resilient to anti-tank weapons during the Winter War. These tanks were armed with the 76 mm L-11 tank gun, recognizable due to a recuperator above a barrel. Most tanks were lacking the hull machine gun. 141 were built.
  • Model 1940 (German designation: KV-1A) – Used the F-32 76 mm gun and a new mantlet. The main production model by the time of the German invasion.
  • Model 1940 s ekranami ("with screens") or KV1-E – with additional bolted-on appliqué armour and F-32 gun.
  • Model 1941 (KV-1B) – Up-armoured with 25 to 35 mm added to the turret, hull front and sides. Turret was now cast instead of welded. This tank was armed with the longer-barrelled F-34, and later ZiS-5 76.2 mm tank guns.
  • Model 1942 (KV-1C) – Fully cast turret with thicker armour or welded turret with thicker armour, again up-armoured and used an improved engine and the 76 mm ZiS-5 tank gun.
  • KV-1S – A lighter variant of late 1942 with higher speed, but thinner armour. A new, smaller, cast turret and redesigned rear hull were used. 1370 were built.
• KV-85 – A KV-1S with the 85 mm D-5T gun in an IS-1's turret, 130 of these tanks were produced in September-October 1943 as a stopgap until the IS tank series entered production.
• KV-13 - Prototype designation for an advanced redesign of the KV series, which was renamed and resulted in the production of the IS-2.

Image File history File links Kv1_m39. ... A recuperator is a heat exchanger that helps boost the efficiency of some gas turbine engines. ... A picture of a destroyed M113 armoured personnel carrier showing a section of the armour. ... The F-34 76. ... The F-34 76. ... The Iosef Stalin tank, named after Joseph Stalin, was a heavy tank developed by the Soviet Union during World War II. It is sometimes transliterated Iosif Stalin, from the Russian, Иосиф Сталин. The tanks in the series are also sometimes called...

Table of tank models

The T-35 was a Soviet multi-turreted heavy tank of the interwar period and early Second World War that saw limited production and service with the Red Army. ... The T-100 was a tank developed by the Russians in 1934 and 1935. ... The Iosef Stalin tank, named after Joseph Stalin, was a heavy tank developed by the Soviet Union during World War II. It is sometimes transliterated Iosif Stalin, from the Russian, Иосиф Сталин. The tanks in the series are also sometimes called... The Iosef Stalin tank, named after Joseph Stalin, was a heavy tank developed by the Soviet Union during World War II. It is sometimes transliterated Iosif Stalin, from the Russian, Иосиф Сталин. The tanks in the series are also sometimes called... A tonne (also called metric ton) is a non-SI unit of mass, accepted for use with SI, defined as: 1 tonne = 103 kg (= 106 g). ... The F-34 76. ... The 85mm M39 was one of the most prolific and widespread Soviet antiaircraft guns, and many were used all the way into the 1970s. ... The Ruchnoy Pulemyot Degtyarev pakhotnyi (Degtyarev hand-held infantry machine gun), more commonly called the DP-28, was a light machine gun used by the Soviet Union starting in 1928. ... The DShK (ДШК, for Дегтярёва Шпагина Крупнокалиберный, Degtyarev-Shpagin Large Calibre) is a Soviet heavy anti-aircraft machine gun firing 12. ... Gasoline or petrol is a petroleum-derived liquid mixture consisting mostly of hydrocarbons and enhanced with benzene or iso-octane to increase octane ratings, used as fuel in internal combustion engines. ... Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel (1858-1913), inventor of the diesel engine. ... The litre or liter (U.S. spelling, see spelling differences) is a unit of volume. ... Kilometres per hour (American spelling: kilometers per hour) is a unit of both speed (scalar) and velocity (vector). ... km redirects here. ... A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ...

Variants

• KV-2 (334) – A heavy assault tank with the M-10 152 mm howitzer, the KV-2 was produced at the same time as the KV-1. Due to the size of its heavy turret and gun, the KV-2 was slower and had a much higher profile than the KV-1. The extra weight also increased the breakdown rate of the vehicle and production was soon halted. The original KV-2 was built on the chassis of the KV-1, while the improved KV-2B was built on that of the KV-1 M1940.

• KV-8 (42) – A KV-1 fitted with the ATO-41 flame-thrower in the turret, beside a machine gun. In order to accommodate the new weapon, the main gun was restricted to a smaller 45 mm Gun M1932, though it was disguised to look like the standard 76 mm.
• KV-8S (25) – A KV-1S with the coaxial turret machine gun replaced by an ATO-41 flame-thrower, and the main gun restricted to a 45 mm.
• KV-14 – Prototype designation for a 152 mm self-propelled gun, accepted for service as the SU-152.

152-mm howitzer model 1938 (M-10) (Russian: ) was a Soviet 152. ... German troops use a flamethrower on the Eastern Front during the Second World War A flamethrower is a mechanical device designed to throw flames or, more correctly, project an ignited stream of liquid. ... A self-propelled gun is an armored fighting vehicle which primarily based on and serves to transport the gun with which its equipped. ... The SU-152 was a Soviet heavy self-propelled gun used during World War II. It was a self-propelled 152-mm gun-howitzer, on the chassis of a KV-1S heavy tank. ...

Combat history

Raseiniai

When Operation Barbarossa began, the Red Army was equipped with 508 KV tanks (Zaloga & Grandsen 1984:125). So effective was its armour that the Germans were incapable of destroying it with their tanks or anti-tank weapons and had to rely on air support and anti-aircraft artillery (flak) or 105 mm howitzers to knock them out. On 23–24 June, a single KV-2 effectively pinned down elements of the German 6th Panzer Division for a full day at the bridgeheads of the Dubissa River below Raseiniai, Lithuania, playing a prominent role in delaying the advance of Panzergruppe 4 on Leningrad (Zaloga & Grandsen 1981:10–12) until it ran out of ammo and the crew was forced to abandon the tank and withdraw. The current version of this article or section is written in an informal style and with a personally invested tone. ... For other organizations known as the Red Army, see Red Army (disambiguation). ... German 88 mm guns were used in anti-aircraft and anti-tank roles. ... Location Ethnographic region Samogitia County Kaunas County Municipality Raseiniai district municipality Elderate Raseiniai town elderate Number of elderates Coordinates General information Capital of Raseiniai district municipality Raseiniai town elderate Raseiniai elderate Population (rank) 12,541 in 2001 (30th) First mentioned 1253 Granted city rights 1492–1506 Raseiniai ( (help· info)) is...

Krasnogvardeysk

On August 14, 1941, the vanguard of the German 8th Panzer Division was near the Krasnogvardeysk village near Leningrad, and the only Soviet force available at the time to attempt to stop the German advance was five well-disguised KV-1 tanks, dug in within a grove at the edge of a swamp. KV-1 tank no. 864 was commanded by the leader of this small force, Lieutenant Kolobanov. August 14 is the 226th day of the year (227th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the movie, see 1941 (film). ... Symbol of the Polish 1st Legions Infantry Division in NATO code A division is a large military unit or formation usually consisting of around ten to twenty thousand soldiers. ... Leningrad (Russian: Ленинград) may mean: St. ... Soviet redirects here. ... Lieutenant is a military, naval, paramilitary, fire service or police officer rank. ...

The geography favored the Soviet defenders as the only road in the region passed the swamp, and the defenders commanded this choke point from their hidden position. Lieutenant Kolobanov had carefully studied the situation and readied his detachment the day before. Each KV-1 tank carried twice the normal amount of ammunition, two thirds being armor-piercing rounds. Kolobanov ordered his other commanders to hold their fire and await orders. He did not want to reveal the total force, so only one exposed tank would engage the enemy, one at a time, while the still-hidden ones would continue to lie in wait and ambush the enemy. Soviet redirects here. ...

On August 14, the German 8th Panzer Division's vanguard ventured directly into the well-prepared Soviet ambush, with Kolobanov knocking out the leading German tank on his first round. The Germans falsely assumed that their lead tank had hit an anti-tank mine, and failed to realize that they were ambushed. The German column stopped, giving Kolobanov the opportunity to destroy the second tank in the German column. Only now did the Germans realize they were under attack, but failed to find the source of the shots. While the German tanks were firing blindly, Kolobanov knocked out the trailing German tank, thus boxing in the entire column. Look up vanguard in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... An Anti-tank mine, or AT mine is similar to a Landmine except generally designed with a less sensitive trigger and more explosive power so as to be able to take out an armored vehicle, and not go off until such a vehicle comes along. ...

Although the Germans correctly guessed the direction of fire, they could only spot Lt. Kolobanov's tank, and now attempted to engage an unseen enemy. German tanks moving off the road bogged down in the surrounding soft ground, becoming easy targets. 22 German tanks and 2 towed artillery pieces fell victim to Kolobanov's No. 864 before it ran out of ammunition. Kolobanov ordered in another KV-1, and 21 more German tanks were destroyed before the half-hour-long battle ended. Artillery with Gabion fortification Cannons on display at Fort Point Continental Artillery crew from the American Revolution Firing of an 18-pound gun, Louis-Philippe Crepin, (1772 – 1851) A forge-welded Iron Cannon in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu. ...

After the battle, the crew of No. 864 counted a total of 135 hits on their tank, none penetrating the KV-1's armor. Lt. Kolobanov was awarded the Order of Lenin, while his driver Usov was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. The Order of Lenin (Russian: Орден Ленина, Orden Lenina), named after the leader of the Russian October Revolution, was the highest national order of the Soviet Union. ... The Soviet government of Russia established the Order of the Battle Red Banner, better-known as the Order of the Red Banner (in Russian: Орден Крaсного Знамени Orden Krasnogo Znameni) on September 16, 1918 during the Russian Civil War. ...

It must be said, however, the Soviet victory was the result of a well-planned ambush in advantageous ground, and more importantly, technical superiority: most of the German tanks in this battle were Panzer IIs, armed with 20-mm guns, and a few Panzer IIIs, which were armed with short-barreled 37-mm KwK 36 L/46.5 guns. The German tank guns had neither the range nor the power of the 76-mm main gun of a KV-1, and the narrower track width of the German tanks caused them to become trapped in the swampy ground. The Panzer II was a German tank used in World War II. Designed as a stopgap while other tanks were developed, it played an important role in the early years of World War II, during the Polish and French campaigns. ... The Panzerkampfwagen III (PzKpfw III), more commonly referred to as the Panzer III, was a tank developed in the 1930s by Nazi Germany and used extensively in World War II. It was designed to fight other armoured fighting vehicles, serving alongside the infantry-support Panzer IV. It soon became obsolete... The 3. ...

References

• Zaloga, Steven J. and James Grandsen (1981). Soviet Heavy Tanks. London: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 0-85045-422-0.
• Zaloga, Steven J. and James Grandsen (1984). Soviet Tanks and Combat Vehicles of World War Two. London: Arms and Armour Press. ISBN 0-85368-606-8.
• Zaloga, Steven J. and Peter Sarson (1996). KV-1 & 2 Heavy Tanks 1939–1945. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-85532-496-2.

Steven Zaloga is an expert on military technology. ...

See also

• Comparison of early World War II tanks
• March of the Soviet Tankmen

Categories: World War II tanks ... March of the Soviet Tankmen (Russian: ) is a military march composed in the 1939 by the Pokrass brothers, lyrics by Laskin. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

KV tank

• LemaireSoft
• OnWar specifications: KV-1 M39, KV-1e M40, KV-1 M41, KV-1S, KV-85, KV-2
• Russian Battlefield: KV-1, KV-1S, KV-2, KV-8, KV-85, KV-3
• World War II Vehicles