The Knights Hospitaller (also known as Knights of Rhodes, Knights of Malta, Cavaliers of Malta, and the Order of St. John of Jerusalem) is a tradition which began as a Benedictine hospitaller religious order founded in Jerusalem, following the First Crusade around 1100, and soon became a Catholic military order under its own charter, and was charged with the care and defense of pilgrims to the Holy Land. Following the loss of Christian territory in the Holy Land, the Order operated from Rhodes, over which it was sovereign, and later from Malta where it administered a vassal state under the Spanish viceroy of Sicily. Although this state came to an end with the ejection of the Order from Malta by Napoleon, the Order as such survived. This page deals with the order after its revival in the 19th century. ... A Benedictine is a person who follows the Rule of St Benedict. ... See drugs, medication, and pharmacology for substances that are used to treat patients. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Monasticism. ... Jerusalem (Hebrew: , Yerushaláyim or Yerushalaim; Arabic: , al-Quds; official Arabic in Israel: أورشليم القدس, Urshalim-Al-Quds) is the capital of Israel. ... The First Crusade was launched in 1095 by Pope Urban II to regain control of the sacred city of Jerusalem and the Christian Holy Land from Muslims. ... A military order is a Christian order of knighthood that is founded for crusading, i. ... For albums named Pilgrim, see Pilgrim (album). ... The phrase The Holy Land (Arabic الأرض المقدسة, al-Arḍ ul-Muqaddasah; Hebrew ארץ הקודש: Standard Hebrew Éreẓ haQodeš, Tiberian Hebrew ʾÉreṣ haqQāḏēš; Latin Terra Sancta) generally refers to Israel, otherwise known as Palestine (sometimes including Jordan, Syria and parts of Egypt). ... Location map of Rhodes Rhodes, (Greek: Ρόδος (pron. ... Sovereignty is the exclusive right to exercise supreme political (e. ... Look up vassal in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Sicily (Sicilia in Italian and Sicilian, Σικελία in Greek) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,700 sq. ... For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). ...

The Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta (abbreviated SMOM) is the main successor to this tradition. The Order of the Dames of Malta is the female auxiliary to the Knights. Dames of Malta are female members of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. ...

Baron Vassiliev, a 19th-century Knight Commander

Image File history File links Baron Vassiliev, a 19th century knight commander, wearing the uniform of the Order of Malta. ... Image File history File links Baron Vassiliev, a 19th century knight commander, wearing the uniform of the Order of Malta. ...

History

Foundation and early history

In 600, Abbot Probus was commissioned by Pope Gregory the Great to build a hospital in Jerusalem to treat and care for Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land. In 800, Charlemagne, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, enlarged Probus' hostel and added a library to it. About 200 years later, in 1005, Caliph Al Hakim destroyed the hostel and three thousand other buildings. In 1023, merchants from Amalfi and Salerno in Italy were given permission by the Caliph Ali az-Zahir of Egypt to rebuild the hospice in Jerusalem. The hospice, which was built on the site of the monastery of Saint John the Baptist, took in Christian pilgrims traveling to visit the Christian holy sites. It was served by Benedictine Brothers. Abbots coat of arms The word abbot, meaning father, has been used as a Christian clerical title in various, mainly monastic, meanings. ... This antoninianus minted under Probus (c. ... Saint Gregory I, or Gregory the Great (called the Dialogist in Eastern Orthodoxy) (circa 540 - March 12, 604) was pope of the Catholic Church from September 3, 590 until his death. ... Jerusalem (Hebrew: , Yerushaláyim or Yerushalaim; Arabic: , al-Quds; official Arabic in Israel: أورشليم القدس, Urshalim-Al-Quds) is the capital of Israel. ... Charlemagne (742 or 747 – 28 January 814) (also Charles the Great[1]; from Latin, Carolus Magnus[2]), son of King Pippin the Short and Bertrada of Laon, was king of the Franks from 768 to 814 and king of the Lombards from 774 to 814. ... The Holy Roman Empire and from the 16th century on also The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation was a political conglomeration of lands in Central Europe in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. ... Caliph is the term or title for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam. ... Hakim bi-Amr Allah (literally: Ruler by Gods Command), known as the Mad Caliph, was the sixth Fatimid Caliph in Egypt, ruling from 996 to 1021. ... The Amalfi coast. ... Map of Italy showing Salerrno southeast of Naples Salerno is a town and a province capital in Campania, south-western Italy, located on the gulf of the same name on the Tyrrhenian Sea. ... ˤAlī az-Zāhir (20 June 1005 – 13 June 1036) (Arabic: الظاهر بالله) was the Seventh Caliph of the Fātimids (1021 - 1036). ... Palliative care is any form of medical care or treatment that concentrates on reducing the severity of the symptoms of a disease or slows its progress rather than providing a cure. ... Jerusalem (Hebrew: , Yerushaláyim or Yerushalaim; Arabic: , al-Quds; official Arabic in Israel: أورشليم القدس, Urshalim-Al-Quds) is the capital of Israel. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... A Benedictine is a person who follows the Rule of St Benedict. ...

The monastic hospitaller order was founded following the First Crusade by the Blessed Gerard, whose role as founder was confirmed by a Papal bull of Pope Paschal II in 1113. Gerard acquired territory and revenues for his order throughout the Kingdom of Jerusalem and beyond. His successor, Raymond du Puy de Provence, established the first significant Hospitaller infirmary near the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. Initially the group just cared for those pilgrims who made it to Jerusalem, but the order soon extended into providing an armed escort to pilgrims. The escort soon grew into a substantial force. The First Crusade was launched in 1095 by Pope Urban II to regain control of the sacred city of Jerusalem and the Christian Holy Land from Muslims. ... Gerard ( 1040–1120), variously surnamed Tum, Tune, Tenque or Thom, founder of the order of the Knights of St. ... Papal bull of Pope Urban VIII, 1637, sealed with a leaden bulla. ... Paschal II, né Ranierius (born in Bleda, near Forlì, Romagna - d. ... Official language Latin, French, Italian, and other western languages; Greek and Arabic also widely spoken Capital Jerusalem, later Acre Constitution Various laws, so-called Assizes of Jerusalem The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a Christian kingdom established in the Levant in 1099 by the First Crusade. ... Raymond du Puy de Provence was the second Grand Master of the Order of St John of Jerusalem (Knights Hospitaller). ... A physician visiting the sick in a hospital. ... Main Entrance to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, called the Church of the Resurrection (Anastasis in Greek and Surp Harutyun in Armenian) by Eastern Christians, is a Christian church now within the walled Old City of Jerusalem. ...

Together with the Knights Templar, formed in 1119, they became one of the most powerful Christian groups in the area. The order came to distinguish itself in battles with the Muslims, its soldiers wearing a black surcoat with a white cross.
This article is about the medieval military order. ... A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Turkish: Müslüman, Persian and Urdu: مسلمان, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of Islam. ...

By the mid-12th century, the order was clearly divided into military brothers and those who worked with the sick. It was still a religious order and had useful privileges granted by the Papacy. For example, the order was exempt from all authority save that of the Pope, and it paid no tithes and was allowed its own religious buildings. Many of the more substantial Christian fortifications in the Holy Land were the work of either the Templars or Hospitallers. At the height of the Kingdom of Jerusalem the Hospitallers held seven great forts and 140 other estates in the area. The two largest of these, their bases of power in the Kingdom and in the Principality of Antioch, were the Krak des Chevaliers and Margat. The property of the Order was divided into priories, subdivided into bailiwicks, which in turn were divided into commanderies. Frederick Barbarossa, the Holy Roman Emperor, pledged his protection to the Knights of St. John in a charter of privileges granted in 1185. The Pope is the Catholic Bishop and patriarch of Rome, and head of the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches. ... Official language Latin, French, Italian, and other western languages; Greek and Arabic also widely spoken Capital Jerusalem, later Acre Constitution Various laws, so-called Assizes of Jerusalem The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a Christian kingdom established in the Levant in 1099 by the First Crusade. ... The Principality of Antioch (in red) within the frame of the Crusader states. ... Krak des Chevaliers Gothic cloister by the fortress yard Krak des Chevaliers (also Crac des Chevaliers, fortress of the knights in a mixture of Arabic and French) was the headquarters of the Knights Hospitaller in Syria during the Crusades. ... Margat, also known as Marqab (from the Arabic Qalaat al-Marqab, Castle of the Watchtower) was a Crusader fortress in modern Syria. ... A priory is a monastery governed by a prior or prioress. ... A bailiwick is the area of jurisdiction of a bailiff. ... Commandry (British English), or commandery (American English), was the smallest division of the European landed estate or manor under the control of a commendator, or commander, of an order of knights. ... Frederick Barbarossa in a 13th century Chronicle. ... The Holy Roman Empire and from the 16th century on also The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation was a political conglomeration of lands in Central Europe in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. ...

Grand Master and senior knights Hospitaller in the 14th century

grand master & senior knights hospitaller after 1307 move to rhodes This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Grand Master is the typical title of the supreme head of various military orders of knighthood, a type of religious order including the Knights Templar, a class of sectarian order such as the Ancient Order of Hibernians, the Orange Order, but who in the case of a sovereign order such...

Knights of Cyprus and Rhodes

The rising power of Islam eventually pushed the Knights out of their traditional holdings in Jerusalem. After the fall of the Kingdom of Jerusalem (Jerusalem itself fell in 1187), the Knights were confined to the County of Tripoli, and when Acre was captured in 1291 the order sought refuge in the Kingdom of Cyprus. Finding themselves becoming enmeshed in the politics of that kingdom, their Grand Master Guillaume de Villaret created a plan of acquiring their own temporal domain, selecting Rhodes to be their new home. His successor Fulkes de Villaret executed the plan, and on 15 August 1309, after over two years of campaigning, the island of Rhodes surrendered to the knights. They also gained control of a number of neighboring islands, as well as the Anatolian ports of Bodrum and Castellorizon. For other uses, including people named Islam, see Islam (disambiguation). ... Armenian Cilicia and Crusader States The County of Tripoli was the last of the four major Crusader states in the Levant to be created. ... The Old City of Akko in the 19th or early 20th century, looking south-west from atop the Land Wall Promenade, the open space now a parking lot. ... The Kingdom of Cyprus was a Roman Catholic Crusader kingdom on the island of Cyprus in the late Middle Ages. ... This page is a candidate to be moved to Wiktionary. ... Location map of Rhodes Rhodes, (Greek: Ρόδος (pron. ... August 15 is the 227th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (228th in leap years), with 138 days remaining. ... Events August 15 - The city of Rhodes surrenders to the forces of the Knights of St. ... Location map of Rhodes Rhodes, (Greek: Ρόδος (pron. ... Asia Minor lies east of the Bosporus, between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean. ... Bodrum Castle can be seen on the upper left corner, Bodrum marina is located on the right side of the bay Bodrum (formerly Budrum, previously Petronium, originally Halicarnassus) is a Turkish port in MuÄŸla Province. ... Kastellórizo is a small Greek island less than 5 km off the south coast of Turkey, about 110 km east of Rhodes. ...

The Knights Templar were dissolved in 1312 and much of their property was given to the Hospitallers. The holdings were organized into eight tongues (one each in Aragon, Auvergne, Castile, England, France, Germany, Italy, and Provence). At Rhodes and later Malta, the knights of each "tongue" were headed by a Bailli. The English Grand Prior at the time was Philip Thame, who acquired the estates allocated to the English tongue from 1330 to 1358. The Seal of the Knights — the two riders have been interpreted as a sign of poverty or the duality of monk/soldier. ... For the religious phenomenon, see Glossolalia. ... Capital Zaragoza Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 4th  47 719 km²  9,4% Population  â€“ Total (2005)  â€“ % of Spain  â€“ Density Ranked 11th  1 269 027  2,9%  26,59/km² Demonym  â€“ English  â€“ Spanish  Aragonese  aragonés Statute of Autonomy August 16, 1982 ISO 3166-2 AR Parliamentary representation  â€“ Congress seats  â€“ Senate... Auvergne coat of arms Auvergne (Occitan: Auvèrnha) was the name of an historically independent county in the center of France, as well as later a province of France. ... The starting point of Crown of Castile can be considered when the union of the Kingdoms of Castile and Leon in 1230 or the later fusion of their Cortes (their Parlaments). ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification    - by Athelstan AD927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi   - Water (%) Population... Coat of arms of Provence Provence (Provençal Occitan: Provença in classical times or Prouvènço in the current Mistralian or Provençal dialect) is a former Roman province and is now a region of southeastern France, located on the Mediterranean Sea adjacent to the Italian border. ... A Bailiff in a United States courtroom Bailiff (from Late Latin bajulivus, adjectival form of bajulus) is a governor or custodian; cf. ...

On Rhodes, now known as the Knights of Rhodes they were forced to become a more militarized force, fighting especially with the Barbary pirates. They withstood two invasions in the 15th century, one by the Sultan of Egypt in 1444 and another by the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II in 1480 who after the fall of Constantinople made the Knights a priority target. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Sultan of Egypt was the title used for the leader of a number of Muslim dynasties that ruled over Egypt. ... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power (1683) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Söğüt (1299-1326), Bursa (1326-1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah... Mehmed II (also known as el-Fatih (الفاتح), the Conqueror, in Ottoman Turkish, or, in modern Turkish, Fatih Sultan Mehmet) (March 30, 1432 – May 3, 1481) (Arabic: محمد الثاني) was first the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire for a short time from 1444 to 1446, and later from 1451 to 1481. ... Combatants Byzantine Empire Ottoman Empire Commanders Constantine XI† Mehmed II Strength 7,000 100,000 Casualties Entire garrison killed or captured Unknown, but heavy The Fall of Constantinople was the conquest of the Byzantine capital by the Ottoman Empire under the command of Sultan Mehmed II, on Tuesday, May 29...

However in 1522 an entirely new sort of force arrived when 400 ships under the command of Suleiman delivered 200,000 men to the island. Against this force the Knights had about 7,000 men-at-arms and the walls of the city. The siege lasted six months, at the end of which the survivors were allowed to leave Rhodes and retreated to Sicily. In exchange, the knights promised to leave Suleiman's dominions in peace. It would not be a promise they would keep. Suleiman I (Modern Turkish: Süleyman; Arabic: ‎ Sulaymān) (November 6, 1494 – September 5/6, 1566), was the tenth Osmanli Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, and its longest-serving, reigning from 1520 to 1566. ... Sicily (Sicilia in Italian and Sicilian, Σικελία in Greek) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,700 sq. ...

Knights of Malta

Re-enactment of 16th century military drills conducted by the Knights. Fort Saint Elmo, Valletta, Malta, May 8, 2005.

After seven years of moving from place to place in Europe, the Knights were re-established on Malta in 1530, when the Holy Roman Emperor, King Charles V of Spain, gave them Malta, Gozo and the North African port of Tripoli as fief, under the overlordship of the Spanish Viceroy of Sicily. Their annual fee for the island was a single Maltese falcon, which they had to give annually on All Souls Day to the Viceroy, who acted as the King's representative. (This historical fact was used as the plot hook in Dashiell Hammett's famous book The Maltese Falcon.) Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 1741 KB)Reenactment of 16th-century military drills by the Knights. ... Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 1741 KB)Reenactment of 16th-century military drills by the Knights. ... Fort St Elmo is a fortification on the island of Malta. ... Valletta, population 7048 (official estimate for 2000), is the capital city of Malta - The city is located at , (35. ... May 8 is the 128th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (129th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Charles V may refer to: Charles V of France, the Wise (1338–1380). ... Gozo is an island of the Maltese archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea, second in size to Malta Island. ... All Souls Day by William Bouguereau All Souls Day (Commemoratio omnium fidelium defunctorum), also called Defuncts Day in Mexico and Belgium, is the day set apart in the Roman Catholic Church for the commemoration of the faithful departed. ... Samuel Dashiell Hammett (May 27, 1894 – January 10, 1961) was an American author of hard-boiled detective novels and short stories. ... Actors Bogart, Lorre, Astor and Greenstreet in The Maltese Falcon (1941) The Maltese Falcon (1930) is a detective novel by Dashiell Hammett that has been adapted several times for the cinema. ...

It was from here that the Hospitallers continued their actions against piracy, their fleet targeting the Barbary pirates. Although they had only a small number of ships, they nevertheless quickly drew the ire of the Ottomans who were less than happy to see the order resettled. Accordingly, they assembled another massive army in order to dislodge the Knights from Malta, and in 1565 invaded, starting the Great Siege of Malta. This siege proved one of the great victories of history for an undermanned and vastly outnumbered defense force, numbering some 700 knights and about 8000 soldiers. At first the battle looked to be a repeat of the one on Rhodes. Most of the cities were destroyed and about half the Knights died in battle. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power (1683) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Söğüt (1299-1326), Bursa (1326-1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah... The Siege of Malta (also known as the Great Siege of Malta) took place in 1565 when the Ottoman Empire invaded the island, held by the Knights Hospitaller. ...

On 18 August the position of the besieged was becoming desperate: dwindling daily in numbers, they were becoming too feeble to hold the long line of fortifications. But when his council suggested the abandonment of Il Borgo and Senglea and withdrawal to St. Angelo, Grand Master Jean Parisot de la Valette remained obdurate. The Viceroy of Sicily had not brought help. Possibly the orders of his master, Philip II of Spain, were so obscurely worded as to put on his own shoulders the burden of a decision -- a responsibility which he was unwilling to discharge because defeat would mean exposing Sicily to the Turks. He had left his own son with La Valette, so he could hardly be indifferent to the fate of the fortress, and Malta in Turkish hands would soon have proved a curse to Sicily and Naples. Whatever may have been the cause of his delay, the Viceroy hesitated till the indignation of his own officers forced him to move, and then the battle had almost been won by the unaided efforts of the Knights. Jean Parisot de la Valette (1494-August 21, 1568), was Grandmaster of the Knights of St. ... See: Philip II of Macedon Philip II of Spain Philip II of France This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

On 23 August came yet another grand assault, the last serious effort, as it proved, of the besiegers. It was thrown back with the greatest difficulty, even the wounded taking part in the defence. The plight of the Turkish forces, however, was now desperate. With the exception of Fort St. Elmo, the fortifications were still intact. By working night and day the garrison had repaired the breaches, and the capture of Malta seemed more and more impossible. The terrible summer months had laid many of the troops low with sickness in their crowded quarters. Ammunition and food were beginning to run short, and the Turkish troops were becoming more and more dispirited at the failure of their numerous attacks and the unending toll of lives. The death of Dragut, a corsair and admiral the Ottoman fleet and skilled commander, on 23 June, had proved an incalculable loss. The Turkish commanders took few precautions, and, though they had a huge fleet, they never used it with any effect except on one solitary occasion. They neglected their communications with the African coast and made no attempt to watch and intercept Sicilian reinforcements. Re-enactment of 16th century military drills conducted by the Knights. ... Turgut Reis Turgut Reis (1514-1565) Ottoman, Turkish corsair and admiral, as well as Bey of Tunis. ...

On 1 September they made their last effort, but all threats and cajoleries had but little effect on dispirited Turkish troops, who refused any longer to believe in the possibility of capturing those terrible fortresses. The feebleness of the attack was a great encouragement to the besieged, who now began to see hopes of deliverance. Perplexity and indecision of the Turks were cut short by the news of the arrival of Sicilian reinforcements in Melleha Bay. Unaware of the small size of this new force, they hastily evacuated and sailed away on 3 September.

At the moment of the Turkish departure the Order had left 600 men capable of bearing arms, but the losses of the Ottomans had been yet more fearful. The most reliable estimate puts the number of the Turkish army at its height at some 40,000 men, of which but 15,000 returned to Constantinople. The siege is portrayed vividly in the frescoes of Matteo Perez d'Aleccio in the Hall of St. Michael and St. George, also known as the Throne Room, in the Grand Master's Palace in Valletta. Four of the original modellos, painted in oils by Perez d'Aleccio between 1576 and 1581, can be found in the Cube Room of the Queen's House at Greenwich, London. After the siege a new city had to be built -- the present city of Valetta, so named in memory of the Grand Master who had sustained this siege. The siege of Malta - Arrival of the Turkish fleet The siege of Malta - Capture of St. ... Valletta, population 7048 (official estimate for 2000), is the capital city of Malta - The city is located at , (35. ... The siege of Malta - Arrival of the Turkish fleet The siege of Malta - Capture of St. ... The Queens House, Greenwich The Queens House, Greenwich, (designed by architect Inigo Jones for Anne of Denmark (the queen of King James I of England) and afterwards used by Queen Henrietta Maria) is one of the most important buildings in British architectural history. ... This page is about Greenwich in England. ...

In 1607 the Head of the Order, the Grand Master, was granted the status of Reichsfürst (Prince of the Empire, even though their territory was always south of the empire), and in 1630 was awarded ecclesiastic equality with the cardinals and the unique hybrid style His Most Eminent Highness, reflecting both qualities qualifying him as a true Prince of the Church. This page is a candidate to be moved to Wiktionary. ... Fürst (plural Fürsten) is a German title of nobility, usually translated into English as Prince. The female form is Fürstin (plural Fürstinnen). ... The word cardinal comes from the Latin cardo for hinge and usually refers to things of fundamental importance, as in cardinal rule or cardinal sins. ... The term Prince of the church is nowadays used nearly exclusively for Roman Catholic Cardinals. ...

Following the Christian victory over the Ottoman fleet at Lepanto, the Knights continued to attack pirates, and their base became a center for slave trading, selling captured Africans and Turks and conversely freeing Christian slaves. Malta remained a slave market until well into the eighteenth century. It required a thousand slaves to equip merely the galleys of the order. Naupactus is also a scientific name, see Naupactus (beetle) Nafpaktos, Latin: Naupactus or Naupactos (Italian, Lepanto; modern Greek, Ναύπακτος, rarely Epakto), is a town in the nomarchy of Acarnania and Aetolia, Greece, situated on a bay on the north side of the straits of Lepanto. ... World map showing location of Africa A satellite composite image of Africa Africa is the worlds second_largest continent in both area and population, after Asia. ...

Turmoil in Europe

A portrait of a 12-year-old Ranuccio Farnese (Cardinal) by Titian.

The Order lost a number of its European holdings following the rise of Protestantism, but survived on Malta. The property of the English branch was confiscated in 1540. In 1577, the German Bailiwick of Brandenburg became Lutheran, but continued to pay its financial contribution to the Order until the branch was turned into a merit Order by the King of Prussia in 1812. The "Johanniter Orden" was restored as a Prussian Order of Knights Hospitaller in 1852. A portrait of the young Cardinal Ranuccio Farnese by Titian The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... A portrait of the young Cardinal Ranuccio Farnese by Titian The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... A portrait of a 12-year-old Ranuccio Farnese by Titian Ranuccio Farnese (1530-1565) was Cardinal of Santa Lucia in Messina, Sicily from 1545 to his death in 1565. ... Titians self-portrait, 1566. ... Protestantism is one of three primary branches of Christianity. ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification    - by Athelstan AD927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi   - Water (%) Population... Brandenburg (Lower Sorbian: Bramborska; Upper Sorbian: Braniborska) is one of Germanys sixteen Bundesländer (federal states) and lies in the east of the country. ... Mr wadawits smells Luthers seal Lutheranism is a Christian tradition based upon the main theological insights of Martin Luther. ... The following is a list of Kings of Prussia (Könige von Preußen) from the Hohenzollern family. ... Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 Prussia (German: ; Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Lithuanian: ; Polish: ; Old Prussian: PrÅ«sa) was, most recently, a historic state originating in East Prussia, an area which for centuries had substantial influence on German and European history. ...

The Knights of Malta had a strong presence within the Imperial Russian Navy and the pre-revolutionary French Navy. When De Poincy was appointed governor of the French colony on St. Kitts in 1639, he was a prominent Knight of St. John and dressed his retinue with the emblems of the order. The Order's presence in the Caribbean was eclipsed with his death in 1660. He also bought the island of Saint Croix as his personal estate and deeded it to the Knights of St. John. In 1665, St. Croix was bought by the French West India Company, ending the Order's exploits in the Caribbean. Russian Navy Jack Russian Navy Ensign The Imperial Russian Navy refers to the Navy of Imperial Russia, before the Soviet Union. ... The French Revolution (1789–1799) was a pivotal period in the history of French, European and Western civilization. ... The French Navy (Marine Nationale) is the maritime arm of the French military and the largest Western European navy in terms of personnel. ... Phillippe de Longvilliers de Poincy (1583 - 1660) was a French nobleman and Bailiff Grand Cross of the Knights of St John. ... Saint Kitts (also/previously known as Saint Christopher) is an island in the Caribbean. ... Central America and the Caribbean (detailed pdf map) The Caribbean (Spanish: Caribe; French: Caraïbe; Dutch: Caraïben; Portuguese: Caribe or Caraíbas) is a region of the Americas consisting of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (most of which enclose the sea), and the surrounding coasts. ... Saint Croix from space, January 1993 Saint Croix is one of the United States Virgin Islands, a United States territory, in the Caribbean. ... In the history of French trade, the French West India Company was a chartered company established in 1664. ...

In 1789, France erupted in revolution and anti-clerical and anti-aristocratic furor, forcing many French knights and nobles to flee for their lives. Many of the Order's traditional sources of revenue from France were lost permanently. The French Revolutionary Government seized the assets and properties of the Order in France in 1792. The French Revolution (1789–1799) was a pivotal period in the history of French, European and Western civilization. ...

The loss of Malta

Their Mediterranean stronghold of Malta was captured by Napoleon in 1798 during his expedition to Egypt. As a ruse, Napoleon asked for safe harbor to resupply his ships, and then turned against his hosts once safely inside Valletta. Grand Master Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim failed to anticipate or prepare for this threat, provided no effective leadership, and readily capitulated to Napoleon. This was a terrible affront to most of the Knights desiring to defend their stronghold and sovereignty. The Order continued to exist in a diminished form and negotiated with European governments for a return to power. The Emperor of Russia gave the largest number of Knights shelter in St. Petersburg and this gave rise to the Russian tradition of the Knights Hospitaller and recognition within the Russian Imperial Orders. In gratitude, the Knights declared Ferdinand von Hompesch deposed and Emperor Paul I was elected as the new Grand Master. Following Paul's murder in 1801, in 1803 a Catholic master was restored to the Order in Rome. Satellite image The Mediterranean Sea is a part of the Atlantic Ocean almost completely enclosed by land, on the north by Europe, on the south by Africa, and on the east by Asia. ... For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). ... Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim (botn November 9, 1744 in Bolheim (Württemberg, Germany), died May 12, 1805 in Montpellier (France)) He was the 71st, the first German, Grand Master of the Order of Saint John. ... Tsar, (Bulgarian цар�, Russian царь; often spelled Czar or Tzar in English), was the title used for the autocratic rulers of the First and Second Bulgarian Empires since 913, in Serbia in the middle of the 14th century, and in Russia from 1547 to 1917. ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland... 19th-Century Commanders Badge, Russian Grand Priory Brother Gerard created the Order of St John of Jerusalem as a distinctive Order from a previous Benedictine Establishment of Hospitallers. ... Paul I of Russia by Vladimir Borovikovsky Paul I of Russia (Russian: ; Pavel Petrovich) (October 1, 1754–March 23, 1801) was an Emperor of Russia (1796–1801). ...

By the early 1800s, the Order had been severely weakened by the loss of its Priories throughout Europe. Only 10% of the Order's income came from traditional sources in Europe, with the remaining 90% being generated by the Russian Grand Priory until 1810. This was partly reflected in the government of the Order being under Lieutenants, rather than Grand Masters in the period 1805 to 1879, when Pope Leo XIII restored a Grand Master to the Order. This signalled the renewal of the Order's fortunes as a humanitarian and religious organization. In 1834, the revived Order established a new headquarters in Rome. The revived organization is known as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, which is discussed further. 19th-Century Commanders Badge, Russian Grand Priory Brother Gerard created the Order of St John of Jerusalem as a distinctive Order from a previous Benedictine Establishment of Hospitallers. ... Pope Leo XIII, born Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci (March 2, 1810 – July 20, 1903), was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church, having succeeded Pope Pius IX (1846–78) on February 20, 1878 and reigning until his death in 1903. ... Humanitarianism is an informal ideology of practice, whereby people practice humane treatment and provide assistance to others. ... City motto: Senatus Populusque Romanus – SPQR (The Senate and the Roman People) coordinates: 41°54′N 12°29′E Time Zone: UTC+1 Administration Subdivisions 19 municipi Province Rome Region Latium Mayor Walter Veltroni ( The Union ) Characteristics Area 1,285 km² Population 2,547,677 (2005 estimate) Density 1983/km...

Revival in England as the Venerable Order of St. John of Jerusalem

The property of the Order in England was confiscated by Henry VIII because of a dispute with the Pope over the dissolution of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon, which eventually led to the dissolution of the monasteries. Although not formally suppressed, this caused the activities of the English Langue to come to an end. A few Scottish Knights remained in communion with the French Langue of the Order. In 1831, a British Order was founded by French Knights and became known as the Most Venerable Order of St. John of Jersualem in the British Realm. It received a Royal Charter from Queen Victoria in 1888 and spread across the United Kingdom, the British Commonwealth, and the United States of America. However, the Most Venerable Order of St John of Jerusalem was only recognized by the Sovereign Military Order of Malta in 1963. Its most well-known activities are based around St. John Ambulance. Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification    - by Athelstan AD927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi   - Water (%) Population... For the play, see Henry VIII (play). ... The recently-widowed young Catherine of Aragon, by Henry VIIs court painter, Michael Sittow, c. ... Monastery of St. ... Motto: (Latin for No one provokes me with impunity)1 Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official language(s) English, Gaelic, Scots2 Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister Tony Blair MP  - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification    - by Kenneth I 843  Area    - Total 78... The term Communion is derived from Latin communio (sharing in common). ... This page deals with the order after its revival in the 19th century. ... Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837, and the first Empress of India from 1 January 1877, until her death in 1901. ... The Commonwealth of Nations (CN), usually known as the Commonwealth, is a voluntary association of 53 independent sovereign states, almost all of which are former colonies of the United Kingdom. ... This page deals with the order after its revival in the 19th century. ... St. ...

Protestant Continuation in Continental Europe

Following the Protestant Reformation, most German chapters of the order declared their continued adherence to the Order while accepting Protestant theology. As the Balley Brandenburg des Ritterlichen Ordens Sankt Johannis vom Spital zu Jerusalem, the order continues today, gaining increasing independence from its Catholic mother order. The Protestant branch spread into several other protestant countries (i.e. Hungary, the Netherlands, and Sweden). These sub-branches are now autonomous too. Badge of the Johanniter Order. ... Continental Europe, also referred to as mainland Europe or simply the Continent, is the continent of Europe, explicitly excluding European islands and peninsulae. ... The Protestant Reformation was a movement in the 16th century to reform the Catholic Church in Western Europe. ... Protestantism is one of three primary branches of Christianity. ... Theology (Greek θεος, theos, God, + λογος, logos, word or reason) means reasoned discourse concerning religion, spirituality and God. ... Balley Brandenburg des Ritterlichen Ordens Sankt Johannis vom Spital zu Jerusalem, English: Brandenburg Bailiwick of the Knights Order of the Hospital of St John in Jerusalem, also called Johanniter Order, German Protestant branch of the Knights Hospitaller. ...

All four branches are in loose alliance with the British order in the Alliance of Orders of St John of Jerusalem. This page deals with the order after its revival in the 19th century. ...

The modern Sovereign Military Order of Malta

Official flag of the Order of Malta

The Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta, better known as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta or SMOM, remains a Catholic order which claims sovereignty under international law and has been granted permanent observer status at the United Nations. (Its claims of sovereignty are disputed by some scholars.) SMOM is considered to be the direct successor to the medieval Knights Hospitaller, also known as the Knights of Malta, and today operates as a largely religious, charitable and hospitaller organization. Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta. ... A religious order is an organization of people who live in some way set apart from society in accordance with religious devotion. ... Sovereignty is the exclusive right to exercise supreme political (e. ... In addition to the current 191 member states, the United Nations welcomes several other international agencies, entities, and one non-member state (for several years prior to their admission after a referendum in 2002, Switzerland was also an observer state). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Knights Hospitaller (also known as Knights of Rhodes, Knights of Malta, Cavaliers of Malta, and the Order of St. ...

Name and motto

The full official name is Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta (in English) or Sovrano Militare Ordine Ospedaliero di San Giovanni di Gerusalemme di Rodi e di Malta (in Italian). Conventionally, they are also known as the Order of Malta. The Order has a large number of local priories and associations around the world but there also exist a number of organizations with similar-sounding names that are unrelated, including several fraudulent orders seeking to capitalize on the name. The Order's motto is Tuitio Fidei et Obsequium Pauperum (Latin for Defence of the faith and assistance to the poor). The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language. ...

In ecclesiastical heraldry, the Order of Malta is one of only two Orders whose insignia may be displayed in a clerical coat of arms. (Laypersons have no such restriction.) The shield is surrounded with a silver rosary for professed knights, or for others the ribbon of their rank. Members may also display the Maltese Cross behind their shield instead of the ribbon (Noonan 1996). Archbishops like Vicente Joaquim Zico use a green galero (hat) with 20 tassels; the form of the galero varies from bishop to bishop. ... A modern coat of arms is derived from the medi val practice of painting designs onto the shield and outer clothing of knights to enable them to be identified in battle, and later in tournaments. ... Our Lady of Lourdes - Mary appearing at Lourdes with Rosary Beads The Rosary (from Latin rosarium, crown of roses), is an important and traditional sacramental devotion of the Roman Catholic Church consisting of a set of prayer beads and a system of set prayers. ... Maltese Cross The Maltese cross is identified as the symbol of the Christian warrior. ...

International status of the Order

Blason of the Knights, from the façade of the church of San Giovannino dei Cavalieri, Florence.

With its unique history and unusual present circumstances the exact status of the Order has been the subject of debate: it claims to be a traditional example of a sovereign entity other than a state. Its two headquarters in Rome, namely the Palazzo Malta in Via dei Condotti 68 (where the Grand Master resides and Government Bodies meet), and the Villa Malta on the Aventine (which hosts the Grand Priory of Rome, the Embassy of the Order to Holy See and the Embassy of the Order to Italy), are granted extraterritoriality. However, unlike the Holy See, which is sovereign over the Vatican City, SMOM has no sovereign territory since the loss of the island of Malta in 1798. The United Nations does not classify it as a "non-member state" but as one of the "entities and intergovernmental organizations having received a standing invitation to participate as observers". For instance, while the International Telecommunication Union has granted radio identification prefixes to such quasi-sovereign jurisdictions as the United Nations and the Palestinian Authority, SMOM has never received one. For awards purposes, amateur radio operators consider SMOM to be a separate "country", but stations transmitting from there use an entirely unofficial callsign starting with the prefix "1A0". Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2592x1944, 1487 KB) Summary San Giovannino dei Cavalieri church in Florence, Italy Blason of Maltas chevaliers on the façade Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2592x1944, 1487 KB) Summary San Giovannino dei Cavalieri church in Florence, Italy Blason of Maltas chevaliers on the façade Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not... Country Italy Region Tuscany Province Florence (FI) Mayor Leonardo Domenici Elevation 50 m Area 102 km² Population  - Total (as of 2006-06-02) 366,488  - Density 3,593/km² Time zone CET, UTC+1 Coordinates Gentilic Fiorentini Dialing code 055 Postal code 50100 Frazioni Galluzzo, Settignano Patron St. ... A state is a set of institutions that possess the authority to make the rules that govern a society, having internal and external sovereignty over a definite territory. ... City motto: Senatus Populusque Romanus – SPQR (The Senate and the Roman People) coordinates: 41°54′N 12°29′E Time Zone: UTC+1 Administration Subdivisions 19 municipi Province Rome Region Latium Mayor Walter Veltroni ( The Union ) Characteristics Area 1,285 km² Population 2,547,677 (2005 estimate) Density 1983/km... The Aventine Hill is one of the seven hills that ancient Rome was built on. ... A diplomatic mission is a group of people from one nation state present in another nation state to represent the sending state in the receiving State. ... Extraterritoriality is the state of being exempt from the jurisdiction of local law, usually as the result of diplomatic negotiations. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... In addition to the current 191 member states, the United Nations welcomes several other international agencies, entities, and one non-member state (for several years prior to their admission after a referendum in 2002, Switzerland was also an observer state). ... An international organization (also called intergovernmental organization) is an organization of international scope or character. ... Monument in Bern, Switzerland. ... The West Bank The Palestinian National Authority (PNA or PA) is a semi-autonomous state institution nominally governing the bulk of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip (which it calls the Palestinian Territories). It was established as a part of Oslo accords between the PLO and Israel. ... In broadcasting and radio communication, a callsign or call sign (also call letters) is a unique designation for a transmitting station. ...

Although some legal scholars accept a claim to sovereign status, leading experts in international law, notably Dr. Ian Brownlie, Dr. Helmut Steinberger, and Dr. Wilhelm Wengler, do not. Even taking into account its ambassadorial status among many nations, such a claim is rejected. Specifically Professor Dr Wilhelm Wengler, a German Professor of International law, addresses this point in his book "Völkerrecht", and rejects the notion that recognition of the Order by some states can make it a subject of international law. The Holy See in 1953 proclaimed "in the Lord's name" that the Order of Malta was only a "functional sovereignty" - due to the fact that it did not have all that pertained to true sovereignty, such as territory. This article or section is missing references or citation of sources. ... An ambassador, rarely embassador, is a diplomatic official accredited to a foreign sovereign or government, or to an international organization, to serve as the official representative of his or her own country. ... God is the deity believed by monotheists to be the supreme reality. ...

Foreign relations with the SMOM ██ diplomatic relations ██ other relations

SMOM has formal diplomatic relations with 94 states (many of which are non-Catholic), and has official relations with another 6 countries, non-state subjects of international law like the European Community and International Committee of the Red Cross, and a number of international organizations. Its international nature is useful in enabling it to pursue its humanitarian activities without being seen as an operative of any particular nation. Its claimed sovereignty is also expressed in the issuance of passports, licence plates, stamps, and coins. The latter are appreciated more for their subject matter rather than for use as postage or currency. Starting in 2005, SMOM issues stamps with the Euro as the unit of postage, while Scudo (pl. Scudi) remains the SMOM's official currency. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1357x628, 47 KB) Summary based on world map from Wikipedia Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1357x628, 47 KB) Summary based on world map from Wikipedia Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... This article or section is missing references or citation of sources. ... The European Community (EC), most important of three European Communities, was originally founded on March 25, 1957 by the signing of the Treaty of Rome under the name of European Economic Community. ... The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is a committee of Swiss nationals and probably will be so as long as the ICRC exists. ... ISO 4217 Code EUR User(s) European Union; Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, Vatican City, Montenegro, Kosovo, French Guiana, Réunion, Saint-Pierre et Miquelon, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte and Åland. ... The scudo was a unit of currency in Malta under the rule of the Order of Malta. ...

Government of the Order

The proceedings of the Order are governed by its Constitutional Charter and the Order's Code. It is divided internationally into various territorial Grand Priories, Priories, and Sub-Priories. There are also national associations which operate in parallel with the priories. Alternate use, see charter airline, yacht charter, bare-boat charter or Charter Communications. ... A priory is a monastery governed by a prior or prioress. ...

The supreme head of the Order is the Grand Master, who is elected for life by the Council Complete of State. The present Grand Master is a Briton, Fra' Andrew Bertie. Voters in the Council include the members of the Sovereign Council, other office-holders and representatives of the members of the Order. The Grand Master is aided by the Sovereign Council, which is elected by the Chapter General, the legislative body of the Order. The Chapter General meets every five years; at each meeting, all seats of the Sovereign Council are up for election. The Sovereign Council includes six members and four High Officers: the Grand Commander, the Grand Chancellor, the Grand Hospitaller and the Receiver of the Common Treasure. The Grand Commander is the chief religious officer of the Order and serves as "Interim Lieutenant" during a vacancy in the office of Grand Master. The Grand Chancellor is responsible for the administration of the Order. The Grand Hospitaller coordinates the Order's humanitarian and charitable activities. Finally, the Receiver of the Common Treasure is the Order's financial officer. Grand Master is the typical title of the supreme head of various military orders of knighthood, a type of religious order including the Knights Templar, a class of sectarian order such as the Ancient Order of Hibernians, the Orange Order, but who in the case of a sovereign order such... A GRAND GREAT CHANCELLOR (or GREAT CHANCELLOR) is a Chancellor whose title is made loftier, compare Archchancellor. ...

Prior to the 1990s, all officers of the Order had to be of noble birth, i.e armigerous for at least 100 years. This remains the case. However, Knights of Magistral Grace [i.e. those without noble proofs], may make the Promise of Obedience and may, at the discretion of the Grand Master and Sovereign Council, enter the novitiate to become professed Knights of Justice. The latter are religious, essentially monks practising the triple vow of poverty, chastity and obedience, although seldom living in monastic community. Once invested as a new knight, a Knight of Magistral Grace, if not already noble, is thereby ennobled, and expected to become armigerous. Worldwide there are some 10,000 knights and dames, a small minority of whom are professed religious. Membership of the Order is by invitation only and solicitations are not entertained. An armiger is a person entitled to use a coat of arms. ... A statue of an armoured knight of the Middle Ages For the chess piece, see knight (chess). ... A novitiate (also called a novice) is a member of a religious order who has not yet taken his/her vows. ...

The Order's finances are audited by a Board of Auditors, which includes a President and four Councillors, all elected by the Chapter General. The Order's judicial powers are exercised by a group of Magistral Courts, whose judges are appointed by the Grand Master and Sovereign Council.

Mimic Orders

Following the end of World War II, and taking advantage of the lack of State Orders in the Italian Republic, an Italian had given himself an identity of a Polish Prince, and did a brisk trade in Maltese Crosses as the Grand Prior of the fictitious "Grand Priory of Podolia". Others followed suit such as one claiming to be the Grand Prior of the Holy Trinity of Villeneuve. The former was successfully prosecuted for fraud, and the latter gave up after a police visit. However, the latter organisation resurfaced in Malta in 1975, and then by 1978 in the USA, where it still continues. This article is becoming very long. ... Maltese Cross The Maltese cross is identified as the symbol of the Christian warrior. ...

The large passage fees collected by the American Association of "SMOM" in the early 1950s may well have tempted a man named Charles Pichel to create his own "Sovereign Order of St. John of Jerusalem, Knights Hospitaller" in 1956. Pichel avoided the problems of being an imitation of "SMOM" by giving his organization a mythical history by claiming the American organization he led was founded within the genuine Russian tradition of the Knights Hospitaller in 1908, a spurious claim, but which nevertheless misled many including some academics. In truth, the foundation of his organisation had no connection to the genuine Russian tradition of the Knights Hospitaller. Once created, the attraction of Russian Nobles into membership of Pichel’s 'Order' lent some credence to his claims. 19th-Century Commanders Badge, Russian Grand Priory Brother Gerard created the Order of St John of Jerusalem as a distinctive Order from a previous Benedictine Establishment of Hospitallers. ...

These organizations have led to scores of other mimic Orders. Two offshoots of the Pichel Order have been successful in gaining the backing of two exiled monarchs: the late King Peter II of Yugoslavia, and King Michael of Romania. Look up monarch in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... HM King Peter II (6 September 1923 – 3 November 1970) was the last King of Yugoslavia. ... King Michael and Queen Anne King Michael (Romanian Mihai) of Romania (born October 25, 1921) was the son of King Carol II and reigned from July 20, 1927 to June 8, 1930, and again from September 6, 1940 until December 30, 1947. ...

List of Grand Masters

• The Blessed Gerard (1099-1120)
• Raymond du Puy de Provence (1120-1160)
• Auger de Balben (1160-1163)
• Arnaud de Comps (1162-1163)
• Gilbert d'Aissailly (1163-1170)
• Gastone de Murols (c. 1170-1172)
• Gilbert of Syria (1172-1177)
• Roger de Moulins (1177-1187)
• Hermangard d'Asp (1187-1190)
• Garnier de Naplous (1190-1192)
• Geoffroy de Donjon (1193-1202)
• Alfonse of Portugal (1203-1206)
• Geoffrey le Rat (1206-1207)
• Guerin de Montaigu (1207-1228)
• Bertrand de Thessy (1228-1231)
• Guerin de Montaigu (1231-1236)
• Bertrand de Comps (1236-1240)
• Pierre de Vielle-Bride (1240-1242)
• Guillaume de Chateauneuf (1242-1258)
• Hugues de Revel (1258-1277)
• Nicolas Lorgne (1277-1284)
• Jean de Villiers (1284-1294)
• Odon de Pins (1294-1296)
• Guillaume de Villaret (1296-1305)
• Foulques de Villaret (1305-1319)
• Helion de Villeneuve (1319-1346)
• Dieudonné de Gozon (1346-1353)
• Pierre de Corneillan (1353-1355)
• Roger de Pins (1355-1365)
• Raymond Berenger (1365-1374)
• Robert de Juliac (1374-1376)
• Jean Fernandez de Heredia (1376-1396)
  • Riccardo Caracciolo (1383-1395) Rival Grand Master
• Philibert de Naillac (1396-1421)
• Antonio Fluvian de Riviere (1421-1437)
• Jean de Lastic (1437-1454)
• Jacques de Milly (1454-1461)
• Piero Raimondo Zacosta (1461-1467)
• Giovanni Battista Orsini (1467-1476)
• Pierre d'Aubusson (1476-1503)
• Emery d'Amboise (1503-1512)
• Guy de Blanchefort (1512-1513)
• Fabrizio del Carretto (1513-1521)
• Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam (1521-1534)
• Piero de Ponte (1534-1535)
• Didier de Saint-Jaille (1535-1536)
• Juan de Homedes y Coscon (1536-1553)
• Claude de la Sengle (1553-1557)
• Jean Parisot de la Valette (1557-1568)
• Pierre de Monte (1568-1572)
• Jean de la Cassiere (1572-1581)
• Hugues Loubenx de Verdalle (1581-1595)
• Martin Garzez (1595-1601)
• Alof de Wignacourt (1601-1622)
• Luis Mendez de Vasconcellos (1622-1623)
• Antoine de Paule (1623-1636)
• Juan de Lascaris-Castellar (1636-1657)
• Martin de Redin (1657-1660)
• Annet de Clermont-Gessant (1660)
• Raphael Cotoner (1660-1663)
• Nicolas Cotoner (1663-1680)
• Gregorio Carafa (1680-1690)
• Adrien de Wignacourt (1690-1697)
• Ramon Perellos y Roccaful (1697-1720)
• Marc'Antonio Zondadari (1720-1722)
• Antonio Manoel de Vilhena (1722-1736)
• Raymond Despuig (1736-1741)
• Manuel Pinto de Fonseca (1741-1773)
• Francisco Ximenes de Texada (1773-1775)
• Emmanuel de Rohan-Polduc (1775-1797)
• Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim (1797-1799)
• Paul I of Russia (1798-1801) de facto
  • Count Nicholas Soltykoff (1801-1803) Lieutenant de facto
• Giovanni Battista Tommasi (1803-1805)
  • Innico Maria Guevara-Suardo (1805-1814) Lieutenant
  • André Di Giovanni (1814-1821) Lieutenant
  • Antoine Busca (1821-1834) Lieutenant
  • Carlo Candida (1834-1845) Lieutenant
  • Philippe di Colloredo-Mels (1845-1864) Lieutenant
  • Alessandro Borgia (1865-1871) Lieutenant
  • Giovanni Battista Ceschi a Santa Croce (1871-1879) Lieutenant
• Giovanni Battista Ceschi a Santa Croce (1879-1905)
• Caleazzo von Thun und Hohenstein (1905-1931)
• Ludovico Chigi Albani della Rovere (1931-1951)
• Angelo de Mojana di Cologna (1962-1988)
• Andrew Willoughby Ninian Bertie (1988-present)

Gerard ( 1040–1120), variously surnamed Tum, Tune, Tenque or Thom, founder of the order of the Knights of St. ... Raymond du Puy de Provence was the second Grand Master of the Order of St John of Jerusalem (Knights Hospitaller). ... Jobert of Syria (also rendered Gilbert, Josberto, or Joubert) (d. ... Roger de Moulins was Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller from 1177 to his death in 1187. ... Hélion de Villeneuve featured on a Maltese postage stamp Hélion de Villeneuve (1319-1346) was a French-born Grand Master of the Knights of St. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Pierre dAubusson (1423 - 1503) was a Grand Master of the order of St John of Jerusalem (the Knights Hospitaller), and a zealous opponent of the Turks. ... Philippe Villiers de LIsle-Adam was Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller from 1521 to 1538. ... Didier de Saint-Jaille died on his way to Malta when he was elected Grand Master of the Order of St. ... Fra Juan de Homedes y Coscon (also known as Jean de Homedes) was a Spanish knight and member of the Knights Hospitaller (Knights of St. ... Claude de la Sengle (* 1494; † 18. ... Jean Parisot de la Valette (1494-August 21, 1568), was Grandmaster of the Knights of St. ... Fra Pietro del Monte was an Italian Grandmaster who succeed La Vallette. ... Jean de la Cassière was the Grand Master of the Knights of Malta in the 16th Century, who commissioned the building of the Conventual Church of the Order (St Johns Co-Cathedral) in Valetta, Malta. ... Fra Hugues Loubenx de Verdalle was a Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller at Malta from 1581 to 1595. ... Fra Martin Garzes was elected Grand Master of the Order of St. ... Alof de Wignacourt was Grand Master of the Knights Hospitallers of St. ... Grandmaster Fra Martin de Redin was elected Grandmaster after the death of Grandmaster Lascaris. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... he was a brave man and a fierced man lived a long life and was loved by everyone his real name is drancino del wignacourt ... Fra Ramon Perellos de Rocaful was the Grandmaster of the Order of St. ... Fra MarcAntonio Zondadari was from Siena. ... Antonio Manoel de Vilhena (1663 - 10 December 1736) was the 66th Grand Master of the Order of Saint John and ruled the island of Malta from 19 June 1722 to his death in 1736). ... Raymond Despuig (1670-1741) was 67th Grandmaster of the Knights of Malta. ... Emmanuel Pinto de Fonseca. ... Francisco Ximenes de Texada was a highly unpopular Grand Master of the Knights of Malta from 1773 to 1775. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim (botn November 9, 1744 in Bolheim (Württemberg, Germany), died May 12, 1805 in Montpellier (France)) He was the 71st, the first German, Grand Master of the Order of Saint John. ... Paul I of Russia by Vladimir Borovikovsky Paul I of Russia (Russian: ; Pavel Petrovich) (October 1, 1754–March 23, 1801) was an Emperor of Russia (1796–1801). ... Chigi-Albani, the name of a Roman princely family of Sienese extraction descended from the counts of Ardenghesca. ... Andrew Willoughby Ninian Bertie is the current Grand Master B======D a great deal of modernization to its organization. ...

See also

• List of the priors of St John of Jerusalem in England
• Krak des Chevaliers
• Knights Templar

The following were the Lord Priors of St John of Jerusalem in England, the Knights Hospitallers, until it was stripped of its properties and income by Henry VIII: Gabnabius, (or Gabnebius) of Naples, the first prior. ... Krak des Chevaliers Gothic cloister by the fortress yard Krak des Chevaliers (also Crac des Chevaliers, fortress of the knights in a mixture of Arabic and French) was the headquarters of the Knights Hospitaller in Syria during the Crusades. ... The Seal of the Knights — the two riders have been interpreted as a sign of poverty or the duality of monk/soldier. ...

References

• Cohen, R. [1920] (2004-04-15). Julie Barkley, Bill Hershey and PG Distributed Proofreaders Knights of Malta, 1523-1798. Project Gutenberg. Retrieved on 2006-05-29.
• Noonan, Jr., James-Charles (1996). The Church Visible: The Ceremonial Life and Protocol of the Roman Catholic Church. Viking, p.196. ISBN 0-670-86745-4.
• Read, Piers Paul (1999). The Templars. Imago, p.118. ISBN 85-312-0735-5.

Project Gutenberg (often abbreviated as PG) is a volunteer effort to digitize, archive, and distribute cultural works. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... May 29 is the 149th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (150th in leap years). ...

External links

• Official site of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
• Order of Malta Ambulance Corps Ireland Official Website
• Order of Malta British Association and English Priory
• A Research Website on the Order of St John, in all its guises
• The Acquisition of Sovereignty by Quasi-States: The case of the Order of Malta by Dr Noel Cox
• The Order of Malta, Sovereignty, and International Law by Guy Sainty
• The Order of Malta, Sovereignty, and International Law by François Velde
• The Rule of St. Benedict
• The Rule of St. Augustine
• WorldStatesmen
• Almanach de Chivalry
• Castle Consuegra, ceded to the Knights Hospitaller in 1183 by King Alfonso VIII