NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Kochi (India)

Coordinates: 9.977° N 76.27° E Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

Kochi (pronunciation (help· info); Malayalam: കൊച്ചി [koˈʧːi]); formerly known as Cochin) is a city in the Indian state of Kerala. The city is one of the principal seaports of the country and is located in the district of Ernakulam, about 220 kilometres (140 mi) north of the state capital, Thiruvananthapuram. It has an estimated population of 600,000, with an extended metropolitan population of about 1.5 million, making it the largest urban agglomeration and the second largest city in Kerala after the capital. Image File history File links India-locator-map-blank. ... Image File history File links Red_pog. ... India is subdivided into twenty-eight states and seven union territories; the states and territories are themselves further subdivided. ... The divisions of a district. ... (IPA: ; , Written as àµ‡à´•à´°à´³à´‚ in the native language Malayalam) is a state on the Western Coast of south-western India. ... For the town with the same name, see Ernakulam. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Area is a physical quantity expressing the size of a part of a surface. ... Basic Definition In geography, the elevation of a geographic location is its height above mean sea level (or some other fixed point). ... A time zone is a region of the Earth that has adopted the same standard time, usually referred to as the local time. ... Indian Standard Time (IST) is the time zone for India. ... 2001 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and also: The International Year of the Volunteer The United Nations Year of Dialogue Among Civilizations Events January January 1 - A black monolith measuring approximately nine feet tall appears in Seattles Magnuson Park, placed by an anonymous... Population density by country, 2006 Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. ... Sex ratio by country for total population. ... Metropolitan area in Western Tokyo as seen from Tokyo Tower A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large city and its adjacent zone of influence, or of several neighboring cities or towns and adjoining areas, with one or more large cities serving as its hub or... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Mercy Williams is the 16th and current mayor of Kochi, Kerala. ... The Indian Postal services employ a 6 digit postal code known as a Postal Index Number (similar to the 5 digit ZIP Codes in USA) that is spanned and geopolitically ordered across the nation. ... Licence plates on the back of a taxi in Kolkata. ... A website (or Web site) is a collection of web pages, images, videos and other digital assets and hosted on a particular domain or subdomain on the World Wide Web. ... Image File history File links Kochi. ... Malayalam ( ) is the language spoken predominantly in the state of Kerala, in southern India. ... India is subdivided into twenty-eight states and seven union territories; the states and territories are themselves further subdivided. ... (IPA: ; , Written as àµ‡à´•à´°à´³à´‚ in the native language Malayalam) is a state on the Western Coast of south-western India. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Port. ... For the town with the same name, see Ernakulam. ... km redirects here. ... A mile is a unit of length, usually used to measure distance, in a number of different systems, including Imperial units, United States customary units and Norwegian/Swedish mil. ... Thiruvananthapuram (Malayalam: à´¤à´¿à´°àµà´µà´¨à´¨àµà´¤à´ªàµà´°à´‚ TiruvanÅntapuraá¹), formerly known as Trivandrum, is the capital of the Indian state of Kerala and the headquarters of the Thiruvananthapuram District. ... The urban agglomeration (UA) of Kochi (pronunciation?Â·i; Malayalam: à´•àµŠà´šàµà´šà´¿ [Kocci]); formerly known as Cochin) is the largest UA in the Indian state of Kerala. ... In the study of human settlements, an agglomeration is an extended city or town area comprising the built-up area of a central place (usually a municipality) and any suburbs or adjacent satellite towns. ...

Since 1102 CE, Kochi was the seat of the Kingdom of Cochin, a princely state which traces its lineage to the Kulasekhara empire. Heralded as the Queen of the Arabian Sea, Kochi was an important spice trading centre on the Arabian Sea coast from the 14th century onwards. Ancient travellers and tradesmen referred to Kochi in their writings, variously alluding to it as Cocym, Cochym, Cochin, and Cochi. Occupied by the Portuguese in 1503, Kochi was the site of the first European colonial settlement in India. It remained the capital of Portuguese India until 1530, when Goa became the capital. The city was later occupied by the Dutch, the Mysore and the British. Kochi was the first princely state to willingly join the Indian Union, when India gained independence in 1947. It has been suggested that Gosree be merged into this article or section. ... A princely state is any state under the reign of a prince and is thus a principality taken in the broad sense. ... The Kulasekhara dynasty is one of the three surviving royal lineages that ruled the current Indian state of Kerala. ... Map of the Arabian Sea. ... Screen shot of Spice OPUS, a fork of Berkeley SPICE SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) is a general purpose analog circuit simulator. ... European settlements in India (1501-1739). ... Portuguese India (Portuguese: or Estado da Ãndia) was the aggregate of Portugals colonial holdings in India. ... Goa (Konkani: à¤—à¥‹à¤‚à¤¯ goá¹ƒya; Marathi: à¤—à¥‹à¤µà¤¾ govÄ; Portuguese: Goa) is Indias smallest state in terms of area and the fourth smallest in terms of population (after Sikkim, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh). ... Flag of former princely state of Mysore. ... The Republic of India is a large country in South Asia, and one of only two countries in the world with a population of over one billion. ...

Kochi experienced decades of economic stagnation from independence until 2003, when it entered a period of economic growth, leading to a spurt in the city's development. A growing centre of information technology, tourism and international trade, Kochi is the commercial hub of Kerala, and one of the fastest growing second-tier metros in India. Like other large cities in the developing world, Kochi continues to struggle with urbanisation problems such as traffic congestion and environmental degradation. Economic stagnation, often called simply stagnation is a prolonged period of slow economic growth (traditionally measured in terms of the GDP growth). ... The economy of India is the fourth largest in the world as measured by purchasing power parity (PPP). ... Information technology (IT), as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA)is: the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware. ... [[Image:Taj Mahal in March 2004. ... International trade is the exchange of goods and services across international boundaries or territories. ... The following is a list of Indian city statuses used by the Government of India to allocate compensatory allowances to the cities in the country. ... Urbanization is the degree of or increase in urban character or nature. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Environmental degradation refers to the diminishment of a local ecosystem or the biosphere as a whole due to human activity. ...

Successive waves of migration over the course of several millennia have made Kochi a cultural melting pot. Despite the risk of overdevelopment, the city retains its distinct colonial heritage and a blend of tradition and modernity. Net migration rates for 2006: positive (blue) and negative (orange) Human migration denotes any movement by humans from one locality to another (migration), often over long distances or in large groups. ... Alternate meaning: crucible (science) The melting pot is a metaphor for the way in which heterogenous societies develop, in which the ingredients in the pot (iron, tin; people of different backgrounds and religions, etc. ... Overdevelopment refers to a process by which natural resources are impacted by urbanization and/or road construction, at a rate significantly harmful to the ecosystem. ...

Name

Theories regarding the etymology of the name "Kochi" are disputed.^[3] One suggests that the city's modern name is derived from the Malayalam word koch azhi, meaning 'small lagoon'. Another version mentions the name as derivative of the Sanskrit word Go shree which means 'prosperous with cows'. Certain ancient texts refer to the city Balapuri (Sanskrit for 'small town'), which became Cochin in course of time.^[4] According to some accounts, traders from the court of the Chinese ruler Khubilai Khan gave Cochin the name of their homeland. Yet another theory is that Kochi is derived from the word Kaci meaning 'harbour'. Certain scholars claim that Cochin is derived from the term Cocha, which is a transfiguration of the Biblical term Cohen.^[3] Accounts by Italian explorers Nicolo Conti (15th century), and Fra Paoline in the 17th century say that it was called Kochchi, named after the river connecting the backwaters to the sea. Image File history File links Please see the file description page for further information. ... Image File history File links Please see the file description page for further information. ... Kochi fishing net Cheena vala (Chinese fishing net), Kochi Raising the net The Chinese fishing nets (Cheena vala) of Kochi (formerly known as Cochin), a city in Kerala, south India are fixed land installations for an unusual form of fishing. ... Not to be confused with Entomology, the study of insects. ... Malayalam ( ) is the language spoken predominantly in the state of Kerala, in southern India. ... This mid bay barrier in Narrabeen, a suburb of Sydney (Australia), has blocked what used to be a bay to form a lagoon. ... The Sanskrit language (Skt. ... The Emperor of China (Chinese: ; pinyin: ) was the title given to the rulers of China from the founding of the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC until the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1912. ... Kublai Khan or Khubilai Khan (1215 - 1294), Mongol military leader, was Khan (1260-1294) of the Mongol Empire and founder and first Emperor (1279-1294) of the Yuan Dynasty. ... This Gutenberg Bible is displayed by the United States Library of Congress. ... // Cohen (Hebrew: kÅhÄ“n, means: A Priest) is a Jewish surname of biblical origins (see: Kohen). ... NiccolÃ² Da Conti (also NicolÃ² de Conti) (1395â€“1469) was a Venetian merchant and explorer, born in Chioggia, who traveled to India and Southeast Asia during the early 15th century. ... Fra Paolino was a 17th century Italian traveller, known for his travels in the Indian Ocean region. ... In Indian English (English usage as per those speaking it in India), a backwater is a body of saltwater (connected to the sea) which has a lake-like absence of surf and tides. ...

After the arrival of the Portuguese, and later the British, the name Cochin stuck as the official appellation. The city reverted to a closer anglicisation of its original Malayalam name, Kochi, in 1996. However, it is still widely referred to as Cochin. The Indian renaming controversy is a result of a movement to rename cities and other locations to regional or Indian names from their anglicised British names. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ...

History

Kochi was the centre of Indian spice trade for many centuries, and was known to the Yavanas (Greeks) as well as Romans, Jews, Arabs, and Chinese since ancient times.^[5] Kochi rose to significance as a trading centre after the port at Kodungallur (Cranganore) was destroyed by massive flooding of the river Periyar in 1341.^[6] The earliest documented references to Kochi occur in books written by Chinese voyager Ma Huan during his visit to Kochi in the 15th century as part of Admiral Zheng He's treasure fleet.^[7] There are also references to Kochi in accounts written by Italian traveller Niccolò Da Conti, who visited Kochi in 1440.^[8] Kochi ((?); Malayalam: à´•àµŠà´šàµà´šà´¿ []); formerly known as Cochin) is a city in the Indian state of Kerala. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x768, 574 KB) Summary source: http://www. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x768, 574 KB) Summary source: http://www. ... Graves at Green-Wood Cemetery, Brooklyn, New York A cemetery is a place in which dead bodies and cremated remains are buried. ... Spices at the central market of Agadir, Morocco in May 2005 The spice trade has been of major economic importance throughout human history and it particularly helped spur the Age of Exploration. ... ... Area under Roman control Roman Republic Roman Empire Western Empire Eastern Empire Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew from a city-state founded on the Italian Peninsula circa the 9th century BC to a massive empire straddling the Mediterranean Sea. ... Languages Arabic Religions Predominantly Islam Some adherents of Druze, Judaism, Samaritan, Christianity Related ethnic groups Mizrachi Jews, Sephardi Jews[], Ashkenazi Jews, Canaanites, other Semitic-speaking groups An Arab (Arabic: â€Ž; transliteration: ) is a member of a Noble group of people whose cultural, linguistic, and in certain cases, ancestral origins trace back... Kodungallur (anglicised name: Cranganore ) is a city and a municipality in Thrissur district in the Indian state of Kerala. ... Periyar is one of the major river in Kerala. ... A page from Ming dynasty woodcut printed edtion of Ying-yai Sheng-lan by Ma Huan Ma Huan(Chinese é©¬æ¬¢),courtesy name Chung-daoå®—é“, pen name Mountain-woodcutter, born in Hui Ji county of Zhejiang province. ... Zheng He (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Cheng Ho; Birth name: é¦¬ä¸‰å¯¶ / é©¬ä¸‰å®; pinyin: ; Arabic name: Ù…ØÙ…ÙˆØ¯ Ø´Ù…Ø³ Mahmud Shams) (1371â€“1433), was a famous Chinese mariner, explorer, diplomat and fleet admiral, who made the voyages collectively referred to as the travels of Eunuch Sanbao to the Western Ocean (Chinese: ä¸‰ä¿å¤ªç›£ä¸‹è¥¿æ´‹) or...

The Kingdom of Kochi came into existence in 1102, after the fall of the Kulasekhara empire.^[9] The King of Kochi had authority over the region encompassing the present city of Kochi and adjoining areas. The reign was hereditary, and the family that ruled over Kochi was known as the Cochin Royal Family (Perumpadappu Swaroopam in the local vernacular). The mainland Kochi remained the capital of the princely state since the 18th century. However, during much of this time, the kingdom was under foreign rule, and the King often only had titular privileges. Perumpadapu Swaroopam (also know as Madarajyam, Goshree Rajyam, Kuru Swaroopam) was the name of the Kingdom of Kochi. ... Cochin Royal Family were rulers of Cochin or Kochi. ...

Fort Kochi in Kochi was the first European colonial settlement in India. From 1503 to 1663, Fort Kochi was ruled by Portugal. This Portuguese period was difficult for the Jews installed in the region, since the Inquisition was active in Portuguese India. Kochi hosted the grave of Vasco da Gama, the first European explorer to set sail for India, who was buried at St. Francis Church until his remains were returned to Portugal in 1539.^[10] The Portuguese rule was followed by that of the Dutch, who had allied with the Zamorins in order to conquer Kochi. By 1773, the Mysore King Hyder Ali extended his conquest in the Malabar region to Kochi forcing it to become a tributary of Mysore. The hereditary Prime Ministership of Kochi held by the Paliath Achans came to an end during this period. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Hebrew redirects here. ... The Paradesi Synagogue is the oldest synagogue in the Commonwealth of Nations, located in Kochi, Kerala, in South India. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... Inquisition (capitalized I) is broadly used, to refer to things related to judgment of heresy by the Roman Catholic Church. ... Dom Vasco da Gama (IPA: (Sines or Vidigueira, Alentejo, Portugal, c. ... Zamorin is the anglicised version of Samoothirippadu or Samoothiri or Swamy Thirumulpad, a title of the rulers of the erstwhile Hindu state of Kozhikode (previously known as Calicut)(Nediyirippu Swarupam), located in the present day state of Kerala, India, between the 14th and 18th century AD. Manavikraman Raja, the Samoothiri... Hyder Ali or Haidar Ali (c. ... The Malabar region lies along the southwest coast of India and forms the northern part of the present-day state of Kerala. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Meanwhile, the Dutch, fearing an outbreak of war on the United Provinces signed a treaty with the United Kingdom, under which Kochi was ceded to the United Kingdom in exchange for the island of Bangka. However, there are evidences of English habitation in the region even prior to the signing of the treaty.^[11] In 1866, Fort Kochi became a municipality, and its first Municipal Council election was conducted in 1883. The Maharaja of Cochin, who ruled under the British, in 1896 initiated local administration by forming town councils in Mattancherry and Ernakulam. In 1925, Kochi legislative assembly was constituted due to public pressure on the state. Map of Dutch Republic by Joannes Janssonius United Netherlands redirects here. ... The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814, also known as the Convention of London (one of several) was a treaty signed between the United Kingdom and the United Provinces in London on August 13, 1814. ... Bangka Island is an island lying east of Sumatra, Indonesia. ... A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly referring to a city, town, or village, or a small grouping of them. ... The word Maharaja (also spelled maharajah) is Hindi as well as ancient Sanskrit for high king (a karmadharaya from maha great and rajan king). Its use is primarily for Hindu potentates (ruler or sovereign). ... Mattancherry is a small town in Ernakulam district of Kerala, south India. ... The skyline of Ernakaulam Ernakulam (Malayalam : à´Žà´±à´£à´¾à´•àµà´³à´‚ ) refers to the western part of the mainland of Kochi city in Kerala, India. ...

Towards the early 20th century, trade at the port had increased substantially, and the need to develop the port was greatly felt. Harbour engineer Robert Bristow was brought to Kochi in 1920 under the direction of Lord Willingdon, then the Governor of Madras. In a span of 21 years, he transformed Kochi as one of the safest harbours in the peninsula, where ships berthed alongside the newly reclaimed inner harbour equipped with a long array of steam cranes.^[12]^[13] This photograph was taken by me in December 2000. ... This photograph was taken by me in December 2000. ... The Gopuram of temples, in south India, are adorned with colourful icons depicting a particular story surrounding the temples deity. ... Category: Possible copyright violations ... Sir Robert Bristow (born December 13, 1880 in London - died September 3, 1966) was a British harbour engineer who is best known for his contributions to the development of the port of Kochi in India. ... The Right Honourable George Freeman Thomas, PC later Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon of Ratton (September 12, 1866 - August 12, 1941) was a British Liberal politician who served as Governor General of Canada and Viceroy of India. ... Madras Presidency, also known as Madras Province and known officially as Presidency of Fort St. ...

In 1947, India gained independence from the British colonial rule. Cochin was the first princely state to join the Indian Union willingly.^[14] In 1949, Travancore-Cochin state came into being with the merger of Cochin and Travancore. The King of Travancore was the Rajpramukh of the Travancore-Cochin Union from 1949 to 1956. Travancore-Cochin, was in turn merged with the Malabar district of the Madras State. Finally, the Government of India's States Reorganisation Act (1956) inaugurated a new state — Kerala — incorporating Travancore-Cochin (excluding the four southern Taluks which were merged with Tamil Nadu), Malabar District, and the taluk of Kasargod, South Kanara.^[15] On 9 July 1960, the Mattancherry council passed a resolution—which was forwarded to the government—requesting the formation of a municipal corporation by combining the existing municipalities of Fort Kochi, Mattancherry, and Ernakulam. The government appointed a commission to study the feasibility of the suggested merger. Based on its report, the Kerala Legislative Assembly approved the corporation's formation. On 1 November 1967, exactly eleven years since the establishment of the state of Kerala, the corporation of Cochin came into existence. The merger leading to the establishment of the corporation, was between the municipalities of Ernakulam, Mattancherry and Fort Kochi, along with that of the Willingdon Island, four panchayats (Palluruthy, Vennala, Vyttila and Edappally), and the small islands of Gundu and Ramanthuruth. A princely state is any state under the reign of a prince and is thus a principality taken in the broad sense. ... Thiru-Kochi, formerly known as Travancore-Cochin, is a former state of India. ... Flag for former princely state of Travancore Travancore or Thiruvithaamkoor (Malayalam: à´¤à´¿à´°àµà´µà´¿à´¤à´¾à´™àµà´•àµ‚à´°àµâ€ [], à´¤à´¿à´°àµà´µà´¿à´¤à´¾à´‚à´•àµ‚à´°àµâ€ [], à´¤à´¿à´°àµà´µà´¿à´¤à´¾à´™àµà´•àµ‹à´Ÿàµ []) was a princely state in India with its capital at Trivandrum (Thiruvananthapuram). ... Rajpramukh was an administrative title in India. ... Malabar District was an administrative district of British India and independent Indias Madras State. ... The Government of India (Hindi: à¤à¤¾à¤°à¤¤ à¤¸à¤°à¤•à¤¾à¤° Bharat Sarkar), officially referred to as the Union Government, and commonly as Central Government, was established by the Constitution of India, and is the governing authority of a federal union of 28 states and 7 union territories, collectively called the Republic of India. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ... The equivalent terms tehsil, tahsil, tahasil, taluka, taluk, and taluq refer to a unit of government in some countries of the Indian subcontinent. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Dakshina Kannada, also called South Kannada, South Kanara, or South Canara, is a district of Indias Karnataka state. ... July 9 is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 175 days remaining. ... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ... A Municipal Corporation is a legal defintion for a local governing body, including (but not necessarily limited to) cities, counties, and towns. ... The Kerala Legislative Assembly is the legislative branch of the Government of Kerala, one of the 28 states in India. ... November 1 is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 60 days remaining. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ... Corporation of Kochi (or Corporation of Cochin) is a municipal corporation, that manages the Indian city of Kochi (formerly known as Cochin). ... Willingdon Island is the home of the modern port that serves Cochin in Kerala, India. ... // The Panchayat (à¤ªà¤‚à¤šà¤¾à¤¯à¤¤ in Devanagiri) is an Indian political system that groups five villages in a quincunx (four peripheral villages around a central one were laid out as the 5 side of a die). ... Palluruthy is one of the earlier panchayats of Kerala that was amalgamated with other panchayats during the formation of Kochi corporation. ... Vennala is one of the earlier panchayats of Kerala, India that was amalgamated with other panchayats during the formation of Kochi corporation. ... Vyttila is a commercial area in the city of Kochi, India. ... Edappally is a fast growing town in the suburbs of Cochin City in Kerala state, south India. ... The Gundu Island is one of the many islands that make up the city of Kochi, Kerala, India. ... Ramanthuruth is one of the islands that make up the city of Kochi, Kerala, India. ...

Kochi witnessed economic stagnation in the years following India's independence. The city's economic recovery gathered momentum after economic reforms in India introduced by the central government in the mid-1990s. Since 2000, the service sector has revitalised the city’s stagnant economy. Over the years, the city has witnessed rapid commercialisation, and has today grown into the commercial capital of Kerala.^[16] Economic reform in India is something which is under close study. ... The Government of India (Hindi: à¤à¤¾à¤°à¤¤ à¤¸à¤°à¤•à¤¾à¤° Bharat Sarkar), officially referred to as the Union Government, and commonly as Central Government, was established by the Constitution of India, and is the governing authority of a federal union of 28 states and 7 union territories, collectively called the Republic of India. ... This box: The tertiary sector of industry (also known as the service sector or the service industry) is one of the three main industrial categories of a developed economy, the others being the secondary industry (manufacturing), and primary industry (extraction such as mining, agriculture and fishing). ...

It has been suggested that Gosree be merged into this article or section. ... Cochin Royal Family were rulers of Cochin or Kochi. ...

Geography and climate

Kochi is located on the southwest coast of India at 9°58′N 76°13′E, spanning an area of 94.88 ;square kilometres (36.63 sq mi). The city is situated at the northern end of a peninsula, about 19 kilometres (12 mi) long and less than one mile (1.6 km) wide. To the west lies the Arabian Sea, and to the east are estuaries drained by perennial rivers originating in the Western Ghats. Much of Kochi lies at sea level, with a coastline of 48 km.^[17] Location of Kochi in India Kochi ((?); Malayalam: à´•àµŠà´šàµà´šà´¿ []); formerly known as Cochin) is a city in the Indian state of Kerala. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (511x768, 85 KB) Summary From wikitravel : http://wikitravel. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (511x768, 85 KB) Summary From wikitravel : http://wikitravel. ... Willingdon Island is the home of the modern port that serves Cochin in Kerala, India. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (â‰ˆ1,609 m) in length. ... A mile is a unit of length, usually used to measure distance, in a number of different systems, including Imperial units, United States customary units and Norwegian/Swedish mil. ... Estuaries and coastal waters are among the most productive ecosystems on Earth, providing ecological, economic, cultural, and aesthetic benefits. ... The Agasthiyamalai range of the Western Ghats The Western Ghats are a mountain range in India. ...

The current metropolitan limits of Kochi include the mainland Ernakulam, old Kochi, the suburbs of Edapally, Kalamassery and Kakkanad to the northeast; Tripunithura to the south east; and a group of islands closely scattered in the Vembanad Lake. Most of these islands are very small, varying in extent from six square kilometre to less than a square kilometre (1,500 to less than 250 acres). The skyline of Ernakaulam Ernakulam (Malayalam : à´Žà´±à´£à´¾à´•àµà´³à´‚ ) refers to the western part of the mainland of Kochi city in Kerala, India. ... Edapally is a place in the city of Kochi from where the National Highway NH-17 begins and continues upto Panvel, Maharashtra, in India. ... Kalamaserry is a municipality in Ernakulam district in the Indian state of Kerala. ... Kakkanad is the administrative headquarters of the district of Ernakulam in Kerala, India. ... Thrippunithura is a satellite town south-east of Ernakulam Cochin City. ... Location of Vembanad lake, Kerala Vembanad Lake (Vembanad Kayal or Vembanad Kol) is the largest lake in Kerala, India. ... An acre is the name of a unit of area in a number of different systems, including Imperial units and United States customary units. ...

Soil consists of sediments such as alluvium, teri's, brown sands etc. Hydromorphic saline soils are also found in the areas surrounding the backwaters.^[18] Predominant rock types found here are Archaean-basic dykes, Charnockites and Gneisses. An ecologically sensitive area, the Mangalavanam Bird Sanctuary is located in the central part of the city. It has a wide range of mangrove species and is nesting ground for a vast variety of migratory birds. Certain species of dolphins are also present in the backwaters. Sediment is any particulate matter that can be transported by fluid flow and which eventually is deposited as a layer of solid particles on the bed or bottom of a body of water or other liquid. ... Alluvium (from the Latin, alluvius, from alluere, to wash against) is soil or sediments deposited by a river or other running water. ... Patterns in the sand Sand is a granular material made up of fine rock particles. ... Saline may refer to: Salinity Saline (medicine) Saline, Michigan Saline, Scotland - a village in the burgh of Fife, Scotland. ... The Archean is a geologic eon; it is a somewhat antiquated term for the time span between 2500 million years before the present and 3800 million years before the present. ... A dike in geology refers to a tabular intrusive igneous body. ... Charnockite is a series of foliated metamorphosed igneous rocks of wide distribution and great importance in India, Ceylon, Madagascar and Africa. ... Gneiss Gneiss (IPA: ) is a common and widely distributed type of rock formed by high-grade regional metamorphic processes from preexisting formations that were originally either igneous or sedimentary rocks. ... Mangalavanam is an ecologically sensitive area sitated at the centre of the Indian city of Kochi. ... Flock of Barnacle Geese during autumn migration Many species of birds undertake seasonal journeys of various lengths, a phenomenon known as Bird migration. ... Genera See article below. ...

Kochi's proximity to the equator along with its coastal location results in little seasonal temperature variation, with moderate to high levels of humidity. Annual temperatures range between 20 to 35 °C (68–95 °F) with the record high being 38 °C (100 °F), and record low 17 °C (63 °F).^[19] From June through September, the south-west monsoon brings in heavy rains as Kochi lies on the windward side of the Western Ghats. From October to December, Kochi receives light rain from the northwest monsoon, as it lies on the leeward side. Average annual rainfall is 3,500 millimetres (138 in), with an annual average of 132 rainy days. Celsius is, or relates to, the Celsius temperature scale (previously known as the centigrade scale). ... Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after the German physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686â€“1736), who proposed it in 1724. ... Monsoon in the Vindhya mountain range, central India A monsoon is a storm whose direction depends on the specific season. ... A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ... An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, â€³ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...

Civic administration

The city is administered by the Kochi Corporation, headed by a mayor. For administrative purposes, the city is divided into 70 wards, from which the members of the corporation council are elected for a period of five years. The Corporation has its headquarters in Ernakulam, and zonal offices at Fort Kochi, Mattancherry, Palluruthy, Edappally, Vaduthala and Vyttila. The general administration of the city is handled by the Personnel Department and the Council Section. Other departments include that of town planning, health, engineering, revenue and accounts.^[20] The corporation is also responsible for waste disposal, sewage management and the supply of potable water, sourced from the Periyar River.^[21] Electricity is provided by the Kerala State Electricity Board. A mayor (from the Latin mÄior, meaning larger, greater) is the modern title of the highest ranking municipal officer. ... Mercy Williams is the 16th and current mayor of Kochi, Kerala. ... The Deputy Mayor of a community is the number two official to the mayor. ... C.K.Mani Sankar is the 16th and current deputy mayor of the Indian port city of Kochi. ... Police Commissioner (or Commissioner of Police) is the title of the chief officer of many law enforcement agencies. ... P Vijayan is an IPS officer, and the current Commissioner of Police of the Indian port city of Kochi. ... Corporation of Kochi is a municipal corporation, that manages the Indian city of Kochi. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... Vaduthala is a suburb of the city of Kochi, India. ... Urban planning is concerned with the ordering and design of settlements, from the smallest towns to the worlds largest cities. ... Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ... Kerala State Electricity Board or KSEB is an agency under the State govrnment of the Indian State of Kerala, that generates, provides and regulates the electricity supply in the state. ...

The Greater Cochin Development Authority (GCDA) is the government agency overseeing the development of Kochi. The Kochi City Police is headed by a Police Commissioner, an Indian Police Service (IPS) officer. It comprises the traffic police, Narcotics Cell, Armed Reserve Camps, District Crime Records Bureau, Senior citizen's Cell, and a Women's Cell.^[22] It operates 19 police stations functioning under the Home Ministry of State Government. An anti-corruption branch of the Central Bureau of Investigation also operates out of the city. Kochi is the seat of the High Court of Kerala, the highest judicial body in the state. The High Court also has jurisdicition over the Union Territory of Lakshadweep. Greater Cochin Development Authority is the government overseeing agency for the development of the Indian port city of Kochi, Kerala. ... Kochi City Police or the Cochin City Police is the police force of the Indian city of Kochi. ... Police Commissioner (or Commissioner of Police) is the title of the chief officer of many law enforcement agencies. ... The Indian Police Service (IPS) is one of the three All India Services of the Government of India; other important services being the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and the Indian Forest Service (IFS). ... A highway patrol is either a police agency created primarily for the purpose of overseeing traffic safety compliance on roads and highways, such as the California Highway Patrol, or a detail within an existing local or regional police agency that is primarily concerned with such duties, such as the HWP... Look up narcotic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Old age consists of ages nearing the average lifespan of human beings, and thus the end of the human life cycle. ... World map of the Corruption Perceptions Index, which measures the degree to which corruption is perceived to exist among public officials and politicians. Blue colors indicate little corruption, red colors indicate much corruption In broad terms, political corruption is the misuse by government officials of their governmental powers for illegitimate... The CBI emblem. ... Photograph of High Court complex from outside High Court of Kerala is the highest Court in the State of Kerala and in the Union Territory of Lakshadweep. ... A Union Territory is an administrative division of India. ... Lakshadweep ( ; Malayalam: à´²à´•àµà´·à´¦àµà´µàµ€à´ªàµ, []) is the smallest union territory of India. ...

Kochi contributes five seats to the State Assembly, and a seat to the Lok Sabha, the Lower House of the Indian Parliament. Lok Sabha The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house in the Parliament of India. ... Sansad Bhavan, The Parliament of India The Parliament of India (or Sansad) is bicameral. ...

Economy

Kochi is the economic capital of Kerala by volume of trade; though, unlike other South Indian cities, Kochi has been slow to industrialise.^[16]^[23] In recent years the city has rejuvenated from its economic stagnation and has witnessed heavy investment, thus making it one of the fastest-growing second-tier metro cities in India.^[24]^[25] The economy of the city can be classified as a business economy with emphasis on the service sector.^[26] Major business sectors include gold and textile retailing, seafood and spices exports, information technology (IT), tourism, health services, banking, shipbuilding, and the fishing industry. The economy is mostly dependent on trade and retail activities.^[27] As in most of Kerala, remittances from non-resident Indians (NRI)s is a major source of income.^[28] The city also houses Kerala's only bourse—the Cochin Stock Exchange. A ship under construction at the Cochin Shipyard dock, Kochi. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Vismaya_infopark_kochi. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Vismaya_infopark_kochi. ... The Vismaya building at InfoPark, Kochi InfoPark is a information technology park promoted by the government, located at Kochi, India. ... South India is a linguistic-cultural region of India that comprises the four Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu and the Union Territory of Pondicherry, whose inhabitants are collectively referred to as South Indians. ... A factory in Ilmenau (Germany) around 1860 Industrialisation (also spelt Industrialization) or an Industrial Revolution is a process of social and economic change whereby a human society is transformed from a pre-industrial (an economy where the amount of capital accumulated per capita is low) to an industrial state (see... Economic stagnation, often called simply stagnation is a prolonged period of slow economic growth (traditionally measured in terms of the GDP growth). ... The following is a list of Indian city statuses used by the Government of India to allocate compensatory allowances to the cities in the country. ... This box: The tertiary sector of industry (also known as the service sector or the service industry) is one of the three main industrial categories of a developed economy, the others being the secondary industry (manufacturing), and primary industry (extraction such as mining, agriculture and fishing). ... Information technology (IT), as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA)is: the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware. ... Medical tourism, or medical travel, is the act of traveling abroad to obtain medical, surgical and dental healthcare. ... NRI redirects here. ... A stock exchange is an organization of which the members are stock brokers. ... The Cochin Stock Exchange Limited (CSE) is located at Kochi, Kerala in India. ...

Kochi is a major destination for IT and ITES companies, ranked by NASSCOM as the second-most attractive city in India for IT-based services.^[29] Availability of cheap bandwidth through undersea cables and lower operational costs compared to other major cities in India, has been to its advantage. Various technology and industrial campuses including the government promoted InfoPark, Cochin Special Economic Zone and KINFRA Export Promotion Industrial Park operate in the outskirts of the city. The establishment of a larger hi-tech business campus, the Smart City which encompasses the present InfoPark, is in final stages of discussion.^[30] Eloor, situated 17 kilometres (10.5 mi) north of the city, is the largest industrial belt in Kerala, with more than 250 industries manufacturing a range of products including chemical and petrochemical products, pesticides, rare earth elements, rubber processing chemicals, fertilisers, zinc and chrome compounds, and leather products. A biotechnology campus is also under construction at Kalamassery.^[31] Information technology enabled services, or ITES, is a form of outsourced service which has emerged due to involvement of IT in various fields such as banking and finance, telecom, insurance, etc. ... The National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM), the Indian chamber of commerce that serves as an interface to the Indian Software Industry and Indian BPO Industry NASSCOMâ€™s member companies are in the business of software development, software services, and IT-enabled/BPO services. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The multitude of layers in a submarine communications cable is revealed by its Cross section. ... The Vismaya building at InfoPark, Kochi InfoPark is a information technology park promoted by the government, located at Kochi, India. ... The Cochin Special Economic Zone is a Special Economic Zone situated at Cochin, Kerala. ... Kerala Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation (or KINFRA) is a government agency under the State government of the Indian state of Kerala, that understakes development of industrial estates, to nurture industrialisation in the state. ... Eloor is a small township located 17 km from the city of Kochi in Kerala, India. ... A chemical substance is any material substance used in or obtained by a process in chemistry: A chemical compound is a substance consisting of two or more chemical elements that are chemically combined in fixed proportions. ... Petrochemicals are chemical products made from raw materials of petroleum (hydrocarbon) origin. ... A cropduster spreading pesticide. ... Rare earth ore Rare earth elements and rare earth metals are trivial names sometimes applied to a collection of 17 chemical elements in the periodic table, namely scandium, yttrium, and the lanthanides. ... Latex being collected from a tapped rubber tree Rubber is an elastic hydrocarbon polymer which occurs as a milky colloidal suspension (known as latex) in the sap of several varieties of plants. ... Fertilizers are chemicals given to plants with the intention of promoting growth; they are usually applied either via the soil or by foliar spraying. ... General Name, Symbol, Number zinc, Zn, 30 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 12, 4, d Appearance bluish pale gray Atomic mass 65. ... Chrome may refer to: Chrome is a song from Debbie Harrys debut solo album Koo Koo. ... Modern leather-working tools Leather is a material created through the tanning of hides and skins of animals, primarily cattlehide. ... The structure of insulin Biotechnology is technology based on biology, especially when used in agriculture, food science, and medicine. ...

Kochi is the headquarters of the Southern Naval Command, the primary training centre of the Indian Navy.^[32] The Cochin Shipyard in Kochi is the largest shipbuilding facility in India.^[33]^[34] The Cochin fishing harbour, located at Thoppumpady is a major fishing port in the state and supplies fish to local and export markets. To further tap the potential of the all-season deep-water harbour at Kochi, a marina and an International container transshipment terminal are being constructed.^[35]^[36] Image File history File links Marinedrive. ... Image File history File links Marinedrive. ... The Indian Navy is the naval branch of the armed forces of India. ... Cochin Shipyard (CSL) is the largest ship building yard in India. ... Men from Francisco de Orellanas expedition building a small brigantine, the San Pedro, to be used in the search for food Shipbuilding is the construction of ships. ... Thoppumpady is a small town in Ernakulam district of Kerala, south India. ... A small marina at Brixham, Devon, England. ... Shipping containers at a terminal in Port Elizabeth, New Jersey. ... Transshipment is the shipment of goods to an intermediate destination, and then from there to yet another destination. ...

Exports and allied activities are also important contributors to the city's economy. Kochi's historical reliance on trade continues into modern times, as the city is a major exporter of spices and is home to the International Pepper Exchange, where black pepper is globally traded. The Spices Board of India is also headquartered in Kochi. International Pepper Exchange is located at Kochi, India. ... Binomial name Piper nigrum L. Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit, which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning. ... Spices Board is the Indian government regulatory and promotion agency for Indian spices. ...

Kochi also has an oil refinery—the Kochi Refineries Limited (KRL) at Ambalamugal. Central Government establishments like the Coconut Development Board, the Coir Board and the Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA) have head offices located in the city. View of Shell Oil Refinery in Martinez, California. ... Kochi Refineries Limited is an oil refinary located at Kochi, Kerala, India. ... Ambalamedu is a small township adjacent to the city of Kochi in Kerala, India. ... Coconut Development Board (CDB) is a statutory body established under the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India for the integrated development of coconut and related coconut related products. ... Coir Board of India is an Indian government organisation that works for the promotion, research, education and training of the coir industry. ... Marine Products Export Development Authority is an agency of the Indian Government that coordinats with different Central and State Government establishments engaged in marine products and allied activities. ...

Transport

Public transport in the city is largely dependent on private buses. Taxis and autorickshaws (called autos) are available for hire throughout the day. Narrow roads and the mix of vastly differing types of vehicles have made traffic congestion a major problem in the city. A metro rapid transit service, intended to considerably ease congestion, is planned for the city.^[37] Pedal bikes, used as taxis in Kochi during colonial times. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x768, 398 KB) Summary Source: http://www. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x768, 398 KB) Summary Source: http://www. ... The private sector of a nations economy consists of all that is outside the state. ... A private company is a company that is independently owned. ... Taxicab, short forms taxi or cab, is a type of public transport for a single passenger, or small group of passengers, typically for a non-shared ride. ... Passengers and drivers meet at this auto rickshaw stand in Chennai. ... For lower capacity public transit systems, see tram, light rail, bus, and bus rapid transit. ...

Because it is one of the safest harbours in the Indian Ocean, Kochi ranks among India's major seaports.^[38] The port, administered by a statutory autonomous body known as the Cochin Port Trust, offers facilities for bunkering, handling cargo and passenger ships and storage accommodation. It also operates passenger ships to Colombo and Lakshadweep. Boat services operated by Kerala Shipping and Inland Navigation Corporation, the State Water Transport Department, and of private ownership are available from various boat jetties in the city. The junkar ferry for the transshipment of vehicles and passengers between the islands are operated between Ernakulam and Vypin, and between Vypin and Fort Kochi. However, with the construction of the Goshree bridges (which links Kochi's islands), ferry transport has become less essential. Cochin Port Trust is a body of the Government of Kerala that manages the Indian port of Kochi. ... Fuel oil is a fraction obtained from petroleum distillation, either as a distillate or a residue. ... Cargo is a term used to denote goods or produce being transported generally for commercial gain, usually on a ship, plane, train, van or truck. ... A passenger ship is a ship whose primary function is to carry passengers. ... Map of Colombo with its administrative districts Coordinates: District Colombo Division, Colombo District Mayor Uvaiz Mohammad Imitiyaz (Sri Lanka Freedom Party) Area - City 37. ... Kerala Shipping and Inland Navigation Corporation is an angency under the State government of Kerala, that oversees the shipping and inland navigation matters of the state. ... Kerala State Water Transport Department is a governmental agency that regulates the inland navigation systems in the Indian state of Kerala. ... Alternate meanings: See Jetty (web server) Alternate meanings: See Jettying in buildings The term jetty, derived from the French jetie, and therefor signifying something thrown out, is applied to a variety of structures employed in river, dock and maritime works which are generally carried out in pairs from river banks... The ferryboat Dongan Hills, filled with commuters, about to dock at a New York City pier, ca. ... Vypin is an island in Ernakulam district of Kerala. ... Goshree bridges include the many bridges that link the scattered islands in the city of Kochi, India. ...

The Cochin International Airport, which is about 25 kilometres (15 mi) north of the city, handles both domestic and international flights. It is the largest airport of Kerala, and one of the busiest in India. It is the first international airport in India to be built without Central Government funds.^[39] A second airport run by the Navy also operates in the city. Cochin International Airport (IATA: COK, ICAO: VOCI), also known as Kochi International Airport or Nedumbassery Airport, is located at Nedumbassery, near Kochi (also known as Cochin) in India. ... The Indian Navy is the naval branch of the armed forces of India. ...

There is no intra-city rail transport system in Kochi. The inter-city rail transport system in the city is administered by the Southern Railway division of the Indian Railways. There are two main railway stations—the Ernakulam Junction and the Ernakulam Town (locally known as the 'South' and 'North' railway stations respectively). The railway line connecting these two stations cuts the city longitudinally in two, with two narrow bridges connecting the two halves. Southern Railway is the first Railway Zone to be created in independent India. ... Indian Railways (Hindi: à¤à¤¾à¤°à¤¤à¥€à¤¯ à¤°à¥‡à¤²), abbreviated as IR, is the state-owned railway company of India. ... Ernakulam Junction is a railway junction and one of the major railway stations in Kochi, India. ... Ernakulam Town is a railway station located at Kochi, Kerala in India. ...

Cochin International Airport (IATA: COK, ICAO: VOCI), also known as Kochi International Airport or Nedumbassery Airport, is located at Nedumbassery, near Kochi (also known as Cochin) in India. ...

Demographics

As of 2001, Kochi had a population of 596,473, with a density of 6850.7 persons per square kilometre.^[40] Scheduled castes and tribes comprise 14.3% of the city's population. The female-to-male ratio is 1,024:1,000, significantly higher than the all-India average of 933:1,000. Kochi's literacy rate is 94.3%.^[40] The female literacy rate lags that of males by 1.1%, amongst the lowest such gaps in India. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (600x800, 124 KB) Summary Source: http://www. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (600x800, 124 KB) Summary Source: http://www. ... Interior of an antique shop. ... For other uses, see Jew (disambiguation). ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... In India, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes are communities that are accorded special status by the Constitution of India. ...

Kochi's major religions are Hinduism, Christianity, and Islam; Jainism, Judaism, Sikhism, and Buddhism have smaller followings. Though 47% practise Hinduism, Christianity's large following (35%) makes Kochi a city with one of the largest Christian populations in India.^[41] The majority of residents are Malayalis; however, there are significant ethnic minority communities including Tamils, Gujaratis, Jews, Sikkimese, Anglo-Indians, Konkanis, and Tulus. Malayalam is the main language of communication and medium of instruction, although English is more commonly used in business circles. Hindi and Tamil are widely understood—albeit rarely spoken. Hinduism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ... Islam (Arabic: ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure. ... Jainism (pronounced in English as IPA ), traditionally known as Jain Dharma (à¤œà¥ˆà¤¨ à¤§à¤°à¥à¤®), is a dharmic religion and philosophy originating in Ancient India with the teachings of Mahavira (ca. ... Judaism is the religion of the Jewish people. ... Sikhism (IPA: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ) is a religion that began in fifteenth century Northern India with the teachings of Nanak and nine successive gurus. ... Buddhism is a dharmic, non-theistic religion, which is also a philosophy and a system of psychology. ... Malayali or Malayalee is the Malayalam word used to denote a person (usually Dravidians) from the state of Kerala. ... Languages Tamil Religions Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Jainism Related ethnic groups Dravidian people Brahui people Kannadigas Malayalis Tamils Telugus Tuluvas Gonds The Tamil people are an ethnic group from the Indian subcontinent with a recorded history going back more than two millennia. ... The Gujarati people, or Gujaratis, is an umbrella term used to describe traditionally Gujarati speaking peoples who can trace their ancestry to the Gujarat region in India. ... Sikkim (also Sikhim) (DevanÄgarÄ«: à¤¸à¤¿à¤•à¥à¤•à¤¿à¤® ) is a landlocked Indian state nestled in the Himalayas. ... Anglo-Indians are persons who have descended from a mix of British and Indian parentage. ... The Konkani people are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group. ... Tulu is one of the minor languages of India with under 2,000,000 speakers. ... Hindi (Devanagari: à¤¹à¤¿à¤¨à¥à¤¦à¥€ or à¤¹à¤¿à¤‚à¤¦à¥€; IPA: ), an Indo-European language spoken mainly in northern and central India, is one of the official languages of the Union government of India [1][2]. It is part of a dialect continuum of the Indic family, bounded on the northwest and west by Punjabi, Sindhi, Urdu... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

Like other fast-growing cities in the developing world, Kochi suffers from major urbanisation problems, poor sanitation, and unemployment. The city registered an increase of 9.7% in its unemployment rate from 14.8% in 1998 to 24.5% in 2003.^[42] Shortage of potable water is a major concern in the city.^[43] The situation is aggravated by the threat posed by pollution in industrial areas.^[44] The city also has a growing slum-dwelling population.^[45] Kochi has a high suicide rate with 32 suicides per lakh, which is three times higher than the national average of 11.2 per lakh.^[46] According to the National Crime Records Bureau, Kochi has one of highest rates of crime in India—498.6, against the national average of 287.3.^[47] However, a survey conducted by The Week, found Kochi to be the safest city in India for women.^[48] Urbanization is the degree of or increase in urban character or nature. ... E. Coli bacteria under magnification Sanitation is the hygienic disposal or recycling of waste, as well as the policy and practice of protecting health through hygienic measures. ... An 1837 political cartoon about unemployment in the United States. ... Pollution is the release of environmental contaminants. ... A boy from an East Cipinang trash dump slum in Jakarta, Indonesia shows his find. ... Suicide (from Latin sui caedere, to kill oneself) is the willful act of killing oneself. ... A lakh (Hindi: à¤²à¤¾à¤–, Urdu: Ù„Ú©Ú¾, Bengali: , Tamil : à®‡à®²à®Ÿà¯à®šà®®à¯) is a unit in the Indian numbering system, widely used both in official and other contexts in Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, and Pakistan. ... NCRB or the National Crime Records Bureau is a governmental agency of India responsible for collecting and analysing crime data as defined by the Indian Penal Code (IPC). ...

Cochin Jews, also called Malabar Jews are the ancient prospetutess and their descendants of the South Indian erstwhile state of Kingdom of Cochin which includes the present day port city of Kochi. ... The Syrian Kuriz also known as Nasrani Menorah or the Mar Thoma sliva The Syrian Malabar Nasrani people are an ethnic group from Kerala, South India. ...

Culture

As a result of successive waves of migration over the course of several centuries, the population of the city is a mix of people from all parts of Kerala and most of India. The pan-Indian nature is highlighted by the substantial presence of various ethnic communities from different parts of the country.^[49] Kochi has a diverse, multicultural, and secular community consisting of Hindus, Christians, Muslims, Jains, Sikhs, and Buddhists among other denominations, all living in peaceful co-existence. The Head of the Syro-Malabar Church has his seat at Ernakulam. The city once had a large Jewish community, known as the Malabar Yehuden—and now increasingly as Cochin Jews—that figured prominently in Kochi's business and economic strata.^[50] Appropriate to its multi-ethnic composition, Kochi celebrates traditional Kerala festivals like Onam and Vishu along with North Indian Hindu festivals like Holi and Diwali with great fervour. Christian and Islamic festivals like Christmas, Easter, Eid ul-Fitr and Milad-e-sherif are also celebrated. A merry making fest called the Cochin Carnival is celebrated at Fort Kochi during the last ten days of December. Shopping malls dotting the Marine Drive waterfront promenade in Kochi Kochi ( ; Malayalam: à´•àµŠà´šàµà´šà´¿ []); formerly known as Cochin) is a city in the Indian state of Kerala. ... Image File history File links MarineDrive0. ... Image File history File links MarineDrive0. ... Marine Drive is a picturesque promenade in Kochi, India. ... Kochi (Malayalam: à´•àµŠà´šàµà´šà´¿ []), formerly known as Cochin, is the largest city in the state of Kerala, India, and one of the principal seaports in the country. ... Christians believe that Jesus is the mediator of the New Covenant (see Hebrews 8:6). ... A Muslim (Arabic: Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…, Turkish: MÃ¼slÃ¼man, Persian and Urdu: Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…Ø§Ù†, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of Islam. ... JAIN is an activity within the Java Community Process, developing APIs for the creation of telephony (voice and data) services. ... A Sikh (IPA: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ) is an adherent of Sikhism. ... A replica of an ancient statue found among the ruins of a temple at Sarnath Buddhism is a philosophy based on the teachings of the Buddha, SiddhÄrtha Gautama, a prince of the Shakyas, whose lifetime is traditionally given as 566 to 486 BCE. It had subsequently been accepted by... This is a list of Major Archbishops of Ernakulam-Angamaly in the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church. ... The Syro-Malabar Catholic Church is a Major Archiepiscopal Eastern Rite Church sui iuris with historical ties to the Chaldean Catholic Church in communion with the Church of Rome. ... Cochin Jews, also called Malabar Jews are the ancient prospetutess and their descendants of the South Indian erstwhile state of Kingdom of Cochin which includes the present day port city of Kochi. ... Onam (Malayalam: à´“à´£à´‚) is an annual harvest festival, celebrated mainly in the Indian state of Kerala. ... ... Dark green region marks the approximate extent of northern India while the regions marked as light green lies within the sphere of north Indian influence. ... It has been suggested that Dol-Purnima be merged into this article or section. ... Diwali, also called Deepavali or Divali, is a major Hindu festival that is very significant in Hinduism, Sikhism and Jainism. ... Christmas is an annual holiday that marks the birth of Jesus Christ of Nazareth. ... Easter, the Feast of the Resurrection, the Sunday of the Resurrection, or Resurrection Day, is the most important religious feast of the Christian liturgical year, observed between late March and late April (early April to early May in Eastern Christianity). ... Eid ul-Fitr or Id-Ul-Fitr (Arabic: Ø¹ÙŠØ¯ Ø§Ù„ÙØ·Ø± â€˜Äªd al-Fiá¹r), often abbreviated as simply Eid, is an Islamic holiday that marks the end of Ramadan, the month of fasting. ... Milad-e-sherif (also spelt as Miladi Sherif) Malayalam: Nabi Dinam is a festival celebrated by the Muslim community of Kerala to commemorates the birth of the Prophet Mohammed, which falls on the twelfth day of Rabi-ul-Awwal, the third month of the Islamic year. ... Shopping malls dotting the Marine Drive waterfront promenade in Kochi Kochi ( ; Malayalam: à´•àµŠà´šàµà´šà´¿ []); formerly known as Cochin) is a city in the Indian state of Kerala. ...

Residents of Kochi are known as Kochiites; they are an important part of the South Indian weltanschauung. However, the city's culture is rapidly evolving, with Kochiites generally becoming more cosmopolitan in their outlook.^[25] The people are also increasingly fashion-conscious, often deviating from the traditional Kerala wear to western clothing.^[51] South Indian culture refers to the culture of the four southern most states of India, namely Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. ... South Indian culture refers to the culture of the four southern most states of India, namely Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. ...

Kochiites generally partake of Keralite cuisine, which is generally characterised by an abundance of coconut and spices. Other South Indian cuisines, as well as Chinese and North Indian cuisines are popular. Fast food culture is also very prominent.^[52] Image File history File linksMetadata Jewish_synagouge_kochi_india. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Jewish_synagouge_kochi_india. ... The Paradesi Synagogue is the oldest synagogue in the Commonwealth of Nations, located in Kochi, Kerala, in South India. ... Keralas traditional sadya, served on a banana leaf Keralas cusine is linked in all its richness to the history, geography and culture of the land. ... Binomial name Cocos nucifera L. For other uses, see Coconut (disambiguation). ... South Indian culture refers to the culture of the four southern most states of India, namely Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. ... Indian cuisine is distinguished by its sophisticated use of spices, herbs and the influence of the longstanding and widespread practice of vegetarianism within sections of the Hindu community in Indian society. ... Fast food is food prepared and served quickly at a fast-food restaurant or shop at low cost. ...

Kochi was home to some of the most influential figures in Malayalam literature, including Changampuzha Krishna Pillai, Kesari Balakrishna Pillai, G. Sankara Kurup, and Vyloppilli Sreedhara Menon. Prominent social reformers such as Sahodaran Ayyappan and Pandit Karuppan also are from Kochi. Literature written in Malayalam language. ... Changampuzha Krishna Pillai (1911-1948) was a writer of Malayalam poetry. ... Kesari Balakrishna Pillai (1889 - 1960), was a prominent Malayalam literary critic. ... G Sankara Kurup From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia ... Vyloppilli Sreedhara Menon (1911 - 1985) was a prominent Malayalam poet. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Pandit Karuppan was a prominent social reformer of the Indian state of Kerala. ...

Kochiites are known for their enthusiasm in sports, especially cricket and football.^[53] The Jawaharlal Nehru International Stadium in Kochi is one of the largest multi-use stadiums in India.^[54] The Regional Sports Centre is an important centre of sporting activity in the city. For the insect, see Cricket (insect). ... Football is a ball game played between two teams of eleven players, each attempting to win by scoring more goals than their opponent. ... Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Kochi Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (also known as Kaloor International stadium locally) is an international stadium in Kochi, Kerala, India. ... The Regional Sports Centre is situated in Kadavanthra, the heart of Cochin City, having an area of 4. ...

A Keralite wearing a type of sari called set sari. ... The cuisine of Kerala (Malayalam:à´•àµ‡à´°à´³àµ€à´¯ à´ªà´¾à´šà´•à´¶àµˆà´²à´¿) is linked in all its richness to the history, geography and culture of the land. ...

Education

Schools and colleges in the city are either run by the government or by private trusts and individuals. The schools are each affiliated with either the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE), the Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE), or the Kerala State Education Board. English is the medium of instruction in most private schools; though government run schools offer both English and Malayalam. After completing their secondary education, which involves ten years of schooling, students typically enrol at Higher Secondary School in one of the three streams—Arts, Commerce or Science. Upon completing the required coursework, the student can enroll in general or professional degree programmes. The Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) examination is an examination conducted by the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations for class 10, i. ... The Central Board of Secondary Education is a board of school education in India. ... The Kerala State Education Board is a board of school education in India, conducted by the Government of the Indian state of Kerala. ... For the Indian grade 11 and 12 schools, see Junior College A junior college is a two-year post-secondary school whose main purpose is to provide a method of obtaining academic, vocational and professional education. ... In the history of education, the seven liberal arts comprise two groups of studies, the trivium and the quadrivium. ... Commerce is the trading of something of economic value such as goods, services, information or money between two or more entities. ... Part of a scientific laboratory at the University of Cologne. ...

The Cochin University is situated in the city. Most of the colleges offering tertiary education are affiliated either with the Mahatma Gandhi University or the Cochin University. Other national educational institutes include the Central Institute of Fisheries Nautical and Engineering Training, the National University of Advanced Legal Studies, the National Institute of Oceanography and the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute. Cochin University of Science & Technology (CUSAT) is a university in Kochi, also known as Cochin alias Ernakulam. ... Students attend a lecture at a tertiary institution. ... The Mahatma Gandhi University was established on October 2nd 1983 by the Government of Kerala through an Act of the Legislative Assembly. ... Central Institute of Fisheries Nautical and Engineering Training is a marine studies centre located at Kochi, India. ... National University of Advanced Legal Studies is a legal studies centre located at Kochi, India. ... National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) is located in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. ... Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute is a marine research institute located at Kochi, India. ...

India has been a major seat of learning for thousands of centuries, right from the inception of the Taxila and Nalanda universities. ...

Media

Major Malayalam newspapers published in Kochi include Malayala Manorama, Mathrubhumi, Deshabhimani and Deepika. Popular English newspapers include The Hindu, The New Indian Express, Times of India and The Pioneer. A number of evening papers are also published from the city.^[55] Newspapers in other regional languages like Hindi, Kannada, Tamil and Telugu are also sold in large numbers. The Manorama Logo in Malayalam Malayala Manorama (Malayalam: à´®à´²à´¯à´¾à´³ à´®à´¨àµ‹à´°à´®) is a popular Malayalam newspaper in Kerala, India. ... Mathrubhumi is one of the leading Malayalam language newspapers in Kerala state of India. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Desabhimani. ... Deepika, a Malayalam newspaper, is one of the oldest newspapers published from India. ... For the article regarding followers of Hinduism, please see Hindu The Hindu is a leading English-language newspaper in India, with its largest base of circulation in south India. ... The New Indian Express is a newspaper based in Chennai, India. ... The Common Man featured on a commemorative stamp released by the Indian Postal Service on the 150th Anniversary of the Times of India - 1988. ... Logo of the Pioneer Daily The Pioneer is an English language newspaper in India. ... Kannada (à²•à²¨à³à²¨à²¡ ) is one of the major Dravidian languages of southern India and one of the oldest languages in India. ... Telugu (à°¤à±†à°²à±à°—à±) is a Dravidian language in origin, primarily spoken in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, where it is the official language. ...

Being the seat of the Cochin Stock Exchange, a number of financial publications are also published in the city. These include The Economic Times, The Business Standard, and The Financial Times. Prominent magazines and religious publications like the Sathyadeepam, The Week and Vanitha are also published from the city. Television stations in Kochi include Asianet Cable Vision, India Vision, Kairali TV, Jeevan TV, Amrita TV and Manorama News. Satellite television services are available through Doordarshan Direct Plus, Dish TV and Tata Sky. All India Radio has two FM stations in the city, operating at 102.3 MHz and 107.5 MHz. Private satellite radios such as WorldSpace, are also available. There are over twenty cinema halls that screen movies in Malayalam, Tamil, English and Hindi. A film festival, known as the Cochin International Film Festival (CIFF), is held in the city every year. The Economic Times, launched in 1961, is Indias largest financial daily and the worlds second largest financial daily after The Wall Street Journal. ... The Business Standard is an English financial newspaper, published from various cities in India. ... The Financial Times building The Financial Times (FT) is an international business newspaper printed on distinctive salmon pink broadsheet paper. ... Sathyadeepam is a Malayalam Catholic weekly published from Kochi in Kerala. ... The Week is a weekly british magazine which covers the events and stories published in the various news publications throughout the world. ... Vanitha is a Malayalam womans magazine. ... Asianet is a Malayalam television channel in India. ... Indiavision is a 24 hour Indian news channel in Malayalam. ... Kairali TV is a Malayalam television channel in India. ... jeevan tv ... Amrita TV is a Malayalam television channel. ... MM TV or Manorama News is a 24-hour Malayalam news channel operated by the Malayala Manorama news house. ... Artists impression of a Boeing 601 satellite, as configured for digital television transmission by SES Astra Satellite television is television delivered by way of communications satellites, as compared to conventional terrestrial television and cable television. ... nikatdarshan () is a Public broadcast Terrestrial television channel run by Prasar Bharati, a board nominated by the Government of India. ... Tata Sky is a satellite television company in India, formed through a joint venture between the Tata Group and News Corporations STAR TV. // Incorporated in 2004, Tata Sky is an 80:20 joint venture between the Tata Group and STAR TV. It was previously known as T-Sky but... For the electronica band, see All India Radio (band). ... The abbreviations FM, Fm, and fm may refer to: Electrical engineering Frequency modulation (FM) and its most common applications: FM broadcasting, used primarily to broadcast music and speech at VHF frequencies FM synthesis, a sound-generation technique popularized by early digital synthesizers Science Femtometre (fm), an SI measure of length... MegaHertz (MHz) is the name given to one million (106) Hertz, a measure of frequency. ... WorldSpaces AfriStar control center in Washington, D.C. WorldSpace is the worlds first digital satellite radio network. ... A typical multiplex (AMC Promenade 16 in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California). ... The Cochin International Film Festival is an international film festival conducted annually in the Indian city of Kochi. ...

Kochi has the highest density of telephones in India.^[56] Telephony services are provided by various players like Airtel, Idea cellular, Hutch, Reliance Infocomm, Tata Indicom and the state owned BSNL. In telecommunication, Telephony encompasses the general use of equipment to provide voice communication over distances. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Bharti Televentures. ... Idea cellular is a wireless telephony company operating from various cities in India. ... Hutch is a national cellular operator in India. ... Reliance Infocomm is an Indian telecommunications company, and is the brainchild of Mukesh Ambani, CMD, Reliance Industries. ... Tata Indicom is a private telecom service provider operating in most parts of India. ... Logo BSNL or Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited is Indias largest Communication Service Provider (CSP), and seventh largest in the world. ...

See also

Kochi ((?); Malayalam: à´•àµŠà´šàµà´šà´¿ []); formerly known as Cochin) is a city in the Indian state of Kerala. ... Perumpadapu Swaroopam (also know as Madarajyam, Goshree Rajyam, Kuru Swaroopam) was the name of the Kingdom of Kochi. ... Cochin Royal Family were rulers of Cochin or Kochi. ... This article concerns itself with the History of Kerala state, south India. ... Thiru-Kochi, formerly known as Travancore-Cochin, is a former state of India. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... Mattancherry is a small town in Ernakulam district of Kerala, south India. ... The skyline of Ernakaulam Ernakulam (Malayalam : à´Žà´±à´£à´¾à´•àµà´³à´‚ ) refers to the western part of the mainland of Kochi city in Kerala, India. ... Kakkanad is the administrative headquarters of the district of Ernakulam in Kerala, India. ... Vypin is an Island in Ernakulam district of Kerala. ... Edapally is a place in the city of Kochi from where the National Highway NH-17 begins and continues upto Panvel, Maharashtra, in India. ... Thrippunithura is a satellite town south-east of Ernakulam Cochin City. ... Willingdon Island is the home of the modern port that serves Cochin in Kerala, India. ... A scene from Cherai Beach, Kerala Cherai is a small coastal village in Ernakulam district of Kerala, India. ... This article is about a town in Ernakulam district. ... Greater Cochin Development Authority is the government overseeing agency for the development of the Indian port city of Kochi, Kerala. ... Cochin Port Trust is a body of the Government of Kerala that manages the Indian port of Kochi. ... Originally, a landmark literally meant a geographic feature used by explorers and others to find their way back or through an area. ... Marine Drive is a picturesque promenade in Kochi, India. ... Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Kochi Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (also known as Kaloor International stadium locally) is an international stadium in Kochi, Kerala, India. ... The Regional Sports Centre is situated in Kadavanthra, the heart of Cochin City, having an area of 4. ... Cochin University of Science & Technology (CUSAT) is a university in Kochi, also known as Cochin alias Ernakulam. ... The Model Engineering College Model Engineering College (MEC) is a technology institute, located in the city of Kochi, in the state of Kerala, India. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... School of Communication and Management Studies is a management institute located at Kochi, India . ... Kendriya Vidyalaya, (Hindi for Central School) is a system of Central government schools for children of employees of Indias central government. ... Toc-H Public School, Kerala Toc H Public School (also known as Toc-H or TocH Public School) is one of the best known schools in Kerala situated in Kochi, earlier known as Cochin, often described as the â€œthe Queen of the Arabian Sea. The school is affiliated to the... Assissi Vidyaniketan is a public school situated in Kochi, India. ... Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan is an educational trust, that conducts many primary and secondary educational institues in India. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Chinmaya Vidyalaya is a public school situated in Kochi, India. ... // Cochin Refineries School Set up way back in 1966 amidst sprawling greenery, Cochin Refineries School is affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education and run by Cochin Refineries Educational Aid Society. ... Navy Children School is a public school situated in Kochi, India. ... St. ... Cochin International Airport (IATA: COK, ICAO: VOCI), also known as Kochi International Airport or Nedumbassery Airport, is located at Nedumbassery, near Kochi (also known as Cochin) in India. ... Cochin Shipyard (CSL) is the largest ship building yard in India. ... Cochin Port Trust is a body of the Government of Kerala that manages the Indian port of Kochi. ... Passengers and drivers meet at this auto rickshaw stand in Chennai. ... Shopping malls dotting the Marine Drive waterfront promenade in Kochi Kochi ( ; Malayalam: à´•àµŠà´šàµà´šà´¿ []); formerly known as Cochin) is a city in the Indian state of Kerala. ... A Keralite wearing a type of sari called set sari. ... The cuisine of Kerala (Malayalam:à´•àµ‡à´°à´³àµ€à´¯ à´ªà´¾à´šà´•à´¶àµˆà´²à´¿) is linked in all its richness to the history, geography and culture of the land. ... Malayalam ( ) is the language spoken predominantly in the state of Kerala, in southern India. ... Cochin Jews, also called Malabar Jews are the ancient prospetutess and their descendants of the South Indian erstwhile state of Kingdom of Cochin which includes the present day port city of Kochi. ... The Saint Thomas Christians are a group of Christians from the Malabar coast (now Kerala) in South India, who follow Syriac Christianity. ... The Syrian Kuriz also known as Nasrani Menorah or the Mar Thoma sliva The Syrian Malabar Nasrani people are an ethnic group from Kerala, South India. ... Onam (Malayalam: à´“à´£à´‚) is an annual harvest festival, celebrated mainly in the Indian state of Kerala. ... ... Milad-e-sherif (also spelt as Miladi Sherif) Malayalam: Nabi Dinam is a festival celebrated by the Muslim community of Kerala to commemorates the birth of the Prophet Mohammed, which falls on the twelfth day of Rabi-ul-Awwal, the third month of the Islamic year. ... St Marys Cathedral Basilica, is a Cathedral in Kochi, Kerala in India. ... The Santa Cruz Basilica, a church in Cochin, Kerala built originally by the Portuguese and elevated to a Cathedral by Pope Paul IV in 1558, was spared by the Dutch conquerors who destroyed many Catholic buildings. ... The Paradesi Synagogue is the oldest synagogue in the Commonwealth of Nations, located in Kochi, Kerala, in South India. ... The Mar Augustine Memorial Lisie Hospital, known as Lisie Hospital, is a prominent hospital near Kaloor, in Ernakulam, Kerala, noted for its service to the poor. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... Corporation of Kochi is a municipal corporation, that manages the Indian city of Kochi. ... Greater Cochin Development Authority is the government overseeing agency for the development of the Indian port city of Kochi, Kerala. ... Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore (or FACT), is a fertiliser and chemical manufacturing company in Kochi, Kerala, India. ... The Cochin Stock Exchange Limited (CSE) is located at Kochi, Kerala in India. ... Kochi Refineries Limited is an oil refinary located at Kochi, Kerala, India. ...

Notes

Find more information on Kochi by searching Wikipedia's sister projects
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A picture depicting the city of Kochi (circa.1682)

The Jain temple at Mattancherry

St.Francis Asissi Cathedral in Kochi

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^ United Nations World Urbanization Prospects
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Mattancherry is a small town in Ernakulam district of Kerala, south India. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (960x1280, 231 KB)Source: http://flickr. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (960x1280, 231 KB)Source: http://flickr. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... A page from Ming dynasty woodcut printed edtion of Ying-yai Sheng-lan by Ma Huan Ma Huan(Chinese é©¬æ¬¢),courtesy name Chung-daoå®—é“, pen name Mountain-woodcutter, born in Hui Ji county of Zhejiang province. ... The Hakluyt Society is a society named after Richard Hakluyt. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... August 21 is the 233rd day of the year (234th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... August 22 is the 234th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (235th in leap years), with 131 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... August 22 is the 234th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (235th in leap years), with 131 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... August 22 is the 234th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (235th in leap years), with 131 days remaining. ... September 9 is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years). ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... August 22 is the 234th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (235th in leap years), with 131 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... August 22 is the 234th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (235th in leap years), with 131 days remaining. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... July 12 is the 193rd day (194th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 172 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... January 6 is the 6th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 359 days (360 in leap years) remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 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For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... February 7 is the 38th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... December 30 is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 1 day remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... June 1 is the 152nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (153rd in leap years), with 213 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... April 10 is the 100th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (101st in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... January 6 is the 6th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 359 days (360 in leap years) remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... August 29 is the 241st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (242nd in leap years), with 124 days remaining. ... Tonnage is a measure of the size or cargo capacity of a ship. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... August 26 is the 238th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (239th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... April 2 is the 92nd day of the year (93rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 273 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 9 is the 129th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (130th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... PDF is an abbreviation with several meanings: Portable Document Format Post-doctoral fellowship Probability density function There also is an electronic design automation company named PDF Solutions. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... December 21 is the 355th day of the year (356th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... May 16 is the 136th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (137th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... May 19 is the 139th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (140th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 10 is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 51 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... PDF is an abbreviation with several meanings: Portable Document Format Post-doctoral fellowship Probability density function There also is an electronic design automation company named PDF Solutions. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... June 1 is the 152nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (153rd in leap years), with 213 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... April 29 is the 119th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (120th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 17 is the 137th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (138th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 9 is the 129th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (130th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 28 is the 332nd day (333rd on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... June 12 is the 163rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (164th in leap years), with 202 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... September 15 is the 258th day of the year (259th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... June 2 is the 153rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (154th in leap years), with 212 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... June 2 is the 153rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (154th in leap years), with 212 days remaining. ...

References

A page from Ming dynasty woodcut printed edtion of Ying-yai Sheng-lan by Ma Huan Ma Huan(Chinese é©¬æ¬¢),courtesy name Chung-daoå®—é“, pen name Mountain-woodcutter, born in Hui Ji county of Zhejiang province. ...

External links

Image File history File links Example. ... The Brahmic family is a family of abugidas (writing systems) used in South Asia, Southeast Asia, Tibet, Mongolia, Manchuria. ...

Categories: Port cities in India | Coastal cities | Cities and towns in Kerala | Ports and harbours of India | Indian Ocean Image File history File links Keralaseal. ... (IPA: ; , Written as àµ‡à´•à´°à´³à´‚ in the native language Malayalam) is a state on the Western Coast of south-western India. ... This article concerns itself with the History of Kerala state, south India. ... The Great Hornbill (Buceros bicornis). ... A Keralite wearing a type of sari called set sari. ... Kerala is well known for its diverse forms of performing arts. ... Kerala, nicknamed as Gods own country, is one of the most beautiful states in Southern India. ... Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh National Capital Territory of Delhi Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Orissa Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Tripura Uttarakhand Uttar Pradesh West Bengal Andaman and Nicobar Islands Chandigarh Dadra and Nagar... Thiruvananthapuram (Malayalam: à´¤à´¿à´°àµà´µà´¨à´¨àµà´¤à´ªàµà´°à´‚ TiruvanÅntapuraá¹), formerly known as Trivandrum, is the capital of the Indian state of Kerala and the headquarters of the Thiruvananthapuram District. ... Districts of Kerala, south India. ... Alappuzha district and town in Kerala For the town with the same name, see Alappuzha. ... For the town with the same name, see Ernakulam. ... For the town with the same name, see Idukki. ... For the town with the same name, see Kannur. ... Bekal Fort Beach Kasargod (also spelled Kasargode or Kasarkode) is the northern-most district in the state of Kerala, south India. ... For the town with the same name, see Kollam. ... For the town with the same name, see Kottayam. ... Kozhikode District is a district of Kerala state, situated on the southwest coast of India. ... For the town with the same name, see Malappuram. ... Sri Killikkurussi Mahadeva Kshetram ( Shiva temple of Kiillikkurussimangalam). ... Pathanamthitta is one of the fourteen districts of Kerala state in South India. ... Thiruvananthapuram District is the southernmost district of the Indian state of Kerala. ... An elephant carrying Thidambu during Thrissur pooram festival. ... For the district with the same name, see Wayanad District. ... Kollam (known to the Portuguese as Quilon, pronounced koy-lon) is a city and a municipal corporation in Kollam district in the Indian state of Kerala. ... For the district with the same name, see Kozhikode District. ... Thiruvananthapuram (Malayalam: à´¤à´¿à´°àµà´µà´¨à´¨àµà´¤à´ªàµà´°à´‚ TiruvanÅntapuraá¹), formerly known as Trivandrum, is the capital of the Indian state of Kerala and the headquarters of the Thiruvananthapuram District. ... For the district with the same name, see Thrissur district. ...

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