SEARCH ALL

FACTS & STATISTICS    Advanced view

Encyclopedia > Kolkata

Updated 249 days 6 hours 56 minutes ago.

?Kolkata West Bengal • India View of downtown Kolkata  Kolkata  Coordinates: 22°34′11″N 88°22′11″E / 22.5697, 88.3697 Time zone IST (UTC+5:30) Area • Elevation 185 km² (71 sq mi) • 9 m (30 ft) District(s) Kolkata † Population • Density • Metro 4,580,544 (2001) • 24,760/km² (64,128/sq mi) • 14,681,589 (3rd) (2006) Mayor Bikash Ranjan Bhattacharya Codes • Pincode • Telephone • UN/LOCODE • Vehicle • 700 001 - 700 157 • +91 (0)33 • INCCU • WB-01 to WB-04 Website: www.kolkatamycity.com † The Kolkata urban agglomeration also includes portions of North 24 Parganas and South 24 Parganas districts. Coordinates: 22°34′11″N 88°22′11″E / 22.5697, 88.3697 , West Bengal (Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ Poshchimbôŋgo) is a state in eastern India. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x393, 136 KB) Summary Kolkata Skyline Photo taken by Seaview (myself) Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links India_West_Bengal_locator_map. ... Image File history File links Locator_Dot. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... Location of Mirzapur and the 82. ... The geography of India is diverse, with landscape ranging from snow-capped mountain ranges to deserts, plains, rainforests, hills, and plateaus. ... Elevation histogram of the surface of the Earth – approximately 71% of the Earths surface is covered with water. ... To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here areas between 1,000 km² and 10,000 km². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... The divisions of a district. ... Kolkata is an administrative district of the Indian state of West Bengal. ... Population density by country, 2006 Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... 2001 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and also: The International Year of the Volunteer The United Nations Year of Dialogue Among Civilizations Events January January 1 - A black monolith measuring approximately nine feet tall appears in Seattles Magnuson Park, placed by an anonymous... This article lists the top fifty metropolitan areas in India by population as of 2007. ... 2006 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Bikash Bhattacharya or Bikash Ranjan Bhattacharya (Bengali বিকাশ রন্জন ভট্টাচার্যা) is the present mayor of Kolkata (2005-2010 session), heading Kolkata municipal corporation, in the Indian state of West Bengal. ... A Postal Index Number or PIN or Pincode is the post office numbering or post code system used by the Indian Postal Service (similar to the ZIP Code in the United States). ... For the past decade or so, telecommunication activities have gained momentum in India. ... UN/LOCODE is a geographic coding scheme developed and maintained by United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, a unit of the United Nations. ... Licence plates on the back of a taxi in Kolkata. ... North 24 Parganas is a district of West Bengal, India. ... South 24 Parganas is an important district of West-Bengal. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... “Calcutta” redirects here. For other uses, see Calcutta (disambiguation). Kolkata (Bengali: কলকাতা, IPA: ['kolkat̪a] (help· info)), formerly Calcutta (help· info), is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. It is located in eastern India on the east bank of the River Hooghly. The city has a population of almost 4.5 million, with an extended metropolitan population of over 14 million, making it the third-largest urban agglomeration and the fourth-largest city in India. Calcutta may refer to: Kolkata, formerly called Calcutta, the capital city of the Indian state of West Bengal Calcutta (gambling), a method of allocating gambling bets by auction Oh! Calcutta!, a theatrical revue HMS Calcutta, five ships of the Royal Navy Calcutta, Ohio, USA Calcutta, West Virginia, USA This is... Bengali or Bangla (IPA: ) is an Indo-Aryan language of the eastern Indian subcontinent, evolved from the Magadhi Prakrit, Pāli and Sanskrit languages. ... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... Image File history File links Kolkata-pronunciation. ... Image File history File links Kolkata-pronunciation. ... The Indian renaming controversy is a result of a movement to change the names of Indian cities from the names used during the British imperial period, back to regional or Indian names. ... Image File history File links Calcutta-pronunciation. ... Image File history File links Calcutta-pronunciation. ... Not to be confused with capitol. ... India is a federal republic comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. ... , West Bengal (Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ Poshchimbôŋgo) is a state in eastern India. ... The Indies, on the display globe of the Field Museum, Chicago The Indies or East Indies (or East India) is a term used to describe lands of South and South-East Asia, occupying all of the former British India, the present Indian Union, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Maldives, and... The Hooghly River (alternatively spelled Hoogli or Hugli) is a distributary of the Ganges River in India. ... This article lists the top fifty metropolitan areas in India by population as of 2007. ... In the study of human settlements, an agglomeration is an extended city or town area comprising the built-up area of a central place (usually a municipality) and any suburbs or adjacent satellite towns. ... The following is a list of the most populous cities in India. ... Kolkata served as the capital of India during the British Raj until 1911. Once the centre of modern education, science, culture and politics in India, Kolkata witnessed economic stagnation in the years following India's independence in 1947. However, since the year 2000, an economic rejuvenation has led to a spurt in the city's growth. Like other metropolitan cities of India, Kolkata continues to struggle with urbanisation problems like poverty, pollution and traffic congestion. The flag of British India British India, circa 1860 The British Raj (Raj in Hindi meaning Rule; from Sanskrit Rajya) was the British rule between 1858 and 1947 of the Indian Subcontinent, which included the present-day India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Burma (Myanmar), whereby these lands were under the colonial... Economic stagnation, often called simply stagnation is a prolonged period of slow economic growth (traditionally measured in terms of the GDP growth). ... Urbanization is the degree of or increase in urban character or nature. ... This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ... Kolkata is noted for its revolutionary history, ranging from the Indian struggle for independence to the leftist and trade union movements. This vibrant city, with a distinct socio-political culture, is considered by many as the Cultural capital of India. The Indian independence struggle incorporated the efforts by Indians to liberate the region from British rule and form the nation-state of India. ... In politics, left-wing, political left, leftism, or simply the left, are terms which refer (with no particular precision) to the segment of the political spectrum typically associated with any of several strains of socialism, social democracy, or liberalism (especially in the American sense of the word), or with opposition... A trade union or labor union is an organization of individuals associated through employment, or labour. ... Contents 1 Name 2 History 3 Geography 4 Climate 5 Urban structure 6 Economy 7 Civic administration 8 Utility services and media 9 Transport 10 Demographics 11 Culture 12 Education 13 Sports 14 Notes 15 References 16 External links [edit] Name Main article: Etymology of Kolkata The names Kolkata and Calcutta were probably based on Kalikata, the name of one of the three villages (Kalikata, Sutanuti, Gobindapur) in the area before the arrival of the British.[1] "Kalikata", in turn, is believed to be an anglicised version of Kalikshetra ("Land of [the goddess] Kali"). Again, the place was known for the manufacture of shell-lime and the name could have been derived from lime (kali) and burnt shell (kata). Alternatively, the name may have been derived from the Bengali term kilkila ("flat area").[2] Again, the name may have its origin in the indigenous term for a natural canal, Khal, followed by Katta (which may mean dug).[3] While the city's name was always pronounced either "Kolkata" or "Kolikata" in the local Bengali language, its official English name was only changed from "Calcutta" to "Kolkata" in 2001, reflecting the Bengali pronunciation. Some view this as a move to erase the legacy of British rule.[4] This article describes several theories on Etymology of Kolkata, (erstwhile Calcutta) the capital of the eastern Indian state of West Bengal. ... // Name and origins The rent-roll of Akbar, a sixteenth-century Mughal emperor, and the work of a Bengali poet, Bipradaas, of the late fifteenth century, both make mention of the citys early name being Kolikata, from which Kolkata/Calcutta are said to derive (1). ... Kalikata was one of the three villages which were merged to form the city of Kolkata (formerly Calcutta) in India. ... Sutanuti was one of the three villages which were merged to form the city of Kolkata (formerly Calcutta) in India. ... Gobindapur was one of the three villages which were merged to form the city of Kolkata (formerly Calcutta) in India. ... Anglicized refers to foreign words, often surnames, that are changed from a foreign language into English. ... This article or section includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Various seashells Danielle A shell is the hard, rigid outer covering, or integument, allanimals. ... Bengali or Bangla (IPA: ) is an Indo-Aryan language of the eastern Indian subcontinent, evolved from the Magadhi Prakrit, Pāli and Sanskrit languages. ... [edit] History This article/section is missing citations and/or needs footnotes. Using inline citations helps guard against copyright violations and factual inaccuracies. This article has been tagged since September 2007. Main article: History of Kolkata The St. Paul's Cathederal was built during British rule in Calcutta The discovery of the nearby Chandraketugarh,[5] an archaeological site, provides evidence that the area has been inhabited for over two millennia.[6] The city's documented history, however, begins with the arrival of the British East India Company in 1690, when the Company was consolidating its trade business in Bengal. Job Charnock, an administrator with the Company was traditionally credited as the founder of this city.[2] However, recently experts have endorsed the view that Charnock was not the founder of the city.[7] Image File history File links Information. ... // Name and origins The rent-roll of Akbar, a sixteenth-century Mughal emperor, and the work of a Bengali poet, Bipradaas, of the late fifteenth century, both make mention of the citys early name being Kolikata, from which Kolkata/Calcutta are said to derive (1). ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2560 × 1920 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2560 × 1920 pixel, file size: 1. ... St. ... Chandraketugarh is an archaeological site located beside the river Vidyadhari about 35 km north-east of Kolkata,India, in the district of North 24 parganas. ... The British East India Company, sometimes referred to as John Company, was the first joint-stock company (the Dutch East India Company was the first to issue public stock). ... Bengal (Bengali: বঙ্গ Bôngo, বাংলা Bangla, বঙ্গদেশ Bôngodesh or বাংলাদেশ Bangladesh), is a historical and geographical region in the northeast of South Asia. ... Job Charnock (d. ... In 1702, the British completed the construction of old Fort William,[8] which was used to station its troops and as a regional base. Kolkata (then Calcutta) was declared a Presidency City, and later became the headquarters of the Bengal Presidency. Faced with frequent skirmishes with French forces, in 1756 the British began to upgrade their fortifications. When protests against the militarisation by the Nawab of Bengal Siraj-Ud-Daulah went unheeded, he attacked and captured Fort William leading to the infamous Black Hole incident.[9] A force of Company sepoys and British troops led by Robert Clive recaptured the city the following year.[9] Kolkata was named the capital of British India in 1772, although the capital shifted to the hilly town of Shimla during the summer months every year, starting from the year 1864.[10] It was during this period that the marshes surrounding the city were drained and the government area was laid out along the banks of the Hooghly River. Richard Wellesley, the Governor General between 1797 – 1805, was largely responsible for the growth of the city and its public architecture which led to the description of Kolkata as "The City of Palaces".[citation needed] The city was a center of the British East India Company's opium trade during the 18th and 19th century; locally produced opium was sold at auction in Kolkata, to be shipped to China.[11] Fort William is a British Raj fort in the Indian city of Calcutta and was named after King William of Orange. ... Calcutta , Bombay and Madras were the three Presidency cities in British India. ... Bengal, known as Bango ( Bengali:বঙ্গ), Bangla (বাংলা), Bangodesh (বঙ্গদেশ), or Bangladesh (বাংলাদেশ) in Bengali, is a region in the northeast of South Asia. ... siraj-ud-daula was the last independent nawab of bengal, he lost his state bengal to mir Quasim because he was busy in his luxurious life of a king ... Mîrzâ Mah. ... The Black Hole of Calcutta was a small dungeon where troops of the Nawab of Bengal held British prisoners of war after the capture of Fort William on June 20, 1756. ... A sepoy (from Persian سپاهی Sipâhi meaning soldier) was a native of India employed as a soldier in the service of a European power, usually of the United Kingdom. ... Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive of Plassey (September 29, 1725 - November 22, 1774) was the statesman and general who established the empire of British India. ... Anthem God Save The Queen/King British India, circa 1860 Capital Calcutta (1858-1912), New Delhi (1912-1947) Language(s) Hindi, Urdu, English and many others Government Monarchy Emperor of India  - 1877-1901 Victoria  - 1901-1910 Edward VII  - 1910-1936 George V  - January-December 1936 Edward VIII  - 1936-1947 George... , Shimla   (Hindi: िशमला, Urdu: شملہ), originally called Simla, is a city in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. ... The Hooghly River (alternatively spelled Hoogli or Hugli) is a distributary of the Ganges River in India. ... Richard Wellesley ,1st Marquess Wellesley The Most Honourable Richard Colley Wesley, later Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley (20 June 1760 - 26 September 1842), was the eldest son of Garret Wesley, 1st Earl of Mornington, an Irish peer, and brother of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. ... Governor-General (or Governor General) is a term used both historically and currently to designate the appointed representative of a head of state or their government for a particular territory, historically in a colonial context, but no longer necessarily in that form. ... This article does not adequately cite its references. ... By the early 19th century, Kolkata was split into two distinct areas—one British (known as the White Town), the other Indian (known as Black Town).[12] Even at the time, the poverty of the 'Black Town' shanties was considered shocking. The city underwent rapid industrial growth from the 1850s, especially in the textile and jute sectors; this caused a massive investment in infrastructure projects like rail roads and telegraph by British government. The coalescence of British and Indian culture resulted in the emergence of a new Babu class of urbane Indians — whose members were often bureaucrats, professionals, read newspapers, were Anglophiles, and usually belonged to upper-caste Hindu communities.[13] Throughout the nineteenth century, a socio-cultural reform, often referred to as the Bengal Renaissance resulted in the general uplifting of the people. In 1883, Surendranath Banerjea organised a national conference — the first of its kind in nineteenth century India. Gradually Kolkata became a centre of the Indian independence movement, especially revolutionary organisations. The 1905 Partition of Bengal on communal grounds resulted in widespread public agitation and the boycott of British goods (Swadeshi movement).[citation needed] The word Jute is also used in reference to the Germanic people, the Jutes. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Caste systems are traditional, hereditary systems of social restriction and social stratification, enforced by law or common practice, based on endogamy, occupation, economic status, race, ethnicity, etc. ... This article discusses the adherents of Hinduism. ... The Bengal Renaissance refers to a social reform movement during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in the region of Bengal in undivided India during the period of British rule. ... Sir Surendranath Banerjea (b. ... The Indian National Association was the first political organization founded in British India. ... The Indian independence struggle incorporated the efforts by Indians to liberate the region from British rule and form the nation-state of India. ... Revolutionary movement for Indian independence is often a less-highlighted aspect of Indian independence movement - the underground revolutionary factions. ... The Partition of Bengal in 1905, was made on 16 October by then Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon. ... The Swadeshi Movement, part of the Indian independence movement, was a successful economic strategy to remove the British Empire from power and improve economic conditions in India through following priciples of swadeshi (self-sufficiency). ... Kolkata port in 1945. It was an important military port during WWII. These activities, along with the administratively disadvantageous location of Kolkata in the eastern fringes of India, prompted the British to move the capital to New Delhi in 1911. The city's port was bombed twice by the Japanese during World War II.[14] As food stocks were being diverted to feed Allied troops, millions starved to death during the Bengal famine of 1943.[15] In 1946, demands for the creation of a Muslim state led to large-scale communal violence resulting in the deaths of over 2,000 people.[16] The partition of India also created intense violence and a shift in demographics - large numbers of Muslims left for East Pakistan, while hundreds of thousands of Hindus fled into the city.[17] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (963x727, 205 KB) License File links The following pages link to this file: Kolkata History of Kolkata Kolkata image gallery ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (963x727, 205 KB) License File links The following pages link to this file: Kolkata History of Kolkata Kolkata image gallery ... , This article is about the urban region that is the capital of India. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... The Bengal famine of 1943 is one amongst the several Famines that occurred in British administered undivided Bengal (now independent Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal) in 1943. ... This article is under construction. ... East Pakistan was a former province of Pakistan which existed between 1955 and 1971. ... Over the 1960s and 1970s, severe power shortages, strikes and a violent Marxist-Maoist movement — the Naxalites — damaged much of the city's infrastructure, leading to an economic stagnation. In 1971, war between India and Pakistan led to the mass influx of thousands of refugees into Kolkata resulting in a massive strain on its infrastructure.[18] In the mid-1980s, Mumbai overtook Kolkata as India's most populous city. Kolkata has been a strong base of Indian communism as West Bengal has been ruled by the CPI(M) dominated Left Front for three decades now — the world's longest-running democratically-elected Communist government.[19][20] The city's economic recovery gathered momentum after economic reforms in India introduced by the central government in the mid-1990s. Since 2000, Information Technology (IT) services revitalized the city’s stagnant economy. The city is also experiencing a growth in the manufacturing sector recently.[21] This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Map showing the districts affected by the Naxalite movement Naxalite or Naxalism is an informal name given to radical, often violent, revolutionary communist groups that were born out of the Sino-Soviet split in the Indian communist movement. ... , “Bombay” redirects here. ... CPI(M) flag The Communist Party of India (Marxist), or CPI(M), is a political party in India. ... Left Front election propaganda in Kolkata 2004 DSP-meeting in Kolkata West Bengal Left Front Committee meeting for solidarity with Tripura Left Front is an alliance of Indian leftist parties. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... Economic reform in India is something which is under close study. ... Information and communication technology spending in 2005 Information technology (IT), as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA), is the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware. ... [edit] Geography The Hooghly River Main article: Geography of Kolkata Kolkata is located in eastern India at 22°33′N, 88°20′E in the Ganges Delta at an elevation ranging between 1.5 to 9 metres.[22] It is spread linearly along the banks of the River Hooghly in a north-south direction. Much of the city was originally a vast wetland, reclaimed over the decades to accommodate the city's burgeoning population.[23] The remaining wetland, known as East Calcutta Wetlands has been designated a "wetland of international importance" under the Ramsar Convention.[24] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Hooghly River (alternatively spelled Hoogli or Hugli) is a distributary of the Ganges River in India. ... position of Kolkata Kolkata is located in the eastern part of India at 22°82′N 88°20′E. It has spread linearly along the banks of the river Hooghly. ... Ganges River Delta, Bangladesh and India The Ganges Delta (or the Bengal Delta) is a river delta in the South Asia region of Bengal, consisting of Bangladesh and the state of West Bengal, India. ... ‹ The template below (Unit of length) is being considered for deletion. ... The Hooghly River (alternatively spelled Hoogli or Hugli) is a distributary of the Ganges River in India. ... The East Calcutta Wetlands, also known as the East Kolkata Wetlands, are a complex of natural and human-made wetlands lying east of the city of Calcutta (Kolkata) in India. ... The Ramsar Convention is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands, i. ... Like the most of the Indo-Gangetic plains, the predominant soil type is alluvial. Quaternary sediments consisting of clay, silt, various grades of sand and gravel underlie the city. These sediments are sandwiched between two clay beds, the lower one at depths between 250 and 650 m and the upper one ranging between 10 and 40 m in thickness.[25] According to the Bureau of Indian Standards, the town falls under seismic zone-III, in a scale of I to V (in order of increasing proneness to earthquakes)[26] while the wind and cyclone zoning is "very high damage risk", according to UNDP report.[26] This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Alluvium is soil land deposited by a river or other running water. ... ‹ The template below (Unit of length) is being considered for deletion. ... The BIS logo The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), the National Standards Body of India is involved in the development of technical standards (popularly known as Indian Standards), product quality and management system certifications and consumer affairs. ... The Indian subcontinent has had a history of devastating earthquakes. ... This article is about the meteorological phenomenon. ... The United Nations Development Programe (UNDP), the United Nations global development network, is the largest multilateral source of development assistance in the world. ... [edit] Climate Kolkata has a tropical climate. The annual mean temperature is 26.8 °C (80 °F); monthly mean temperatures range from 19 °C to 30 °C (67 °F to 86 °F).[27] Summers are hot and humid with temperatures in the low 30's and during dry spells the maximum temperatures often exceed 40 °C (104 °F) during May and June.[27] Winter tends to last for only about two and a half months, with seasonal lows dipping to 12 °C – 14 °C (54 °F – 57 °F) between December and January. The highest recorded temperature is 43.9 °C (113 °F) and the lowest is 5 °C (41 °F).[27] Often during early summer, dusty squalls followed by spells of thunderstorm and heavy rains lash the city, bringing relief from the humid heat. These thunderstorms are convective in nature, and is locally known as Kal baisakhi (Nor'westers).[28] The tropics are the geographic region of the Earth centered on the equator and limited in latitude by the two tropics: the Tropic of Cancer in the north and the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere. ... Celsius is, or relates to, the Celsius temperature scale (previously known as the centigrade scale). ... For other uses, see Fahrenheit (disambiguation). ... Convection rain is a type of rain which occurs in areas that intensely heated. ... Rains brought by the Bay of Bengal branch of South-West monsoon[29] lash the city between June and September and supplies the city with most of its annual rainfall of 1,582 mm. The highest rainfall occurs during the monsoon in August (306 mm). The city receives 2,528 hours of sunshine per annum, with the maximum sunlight occurring in March.[30] Pollution is a major concern in Kolkata, and the Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) level is high when compared to other major cities of India,[31][32] leading to regular smog and haze. Severe air pollution in the city has caused rise in pollution-related respiratory ailments such as lung cancer.[33] A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ... http://visibleearth. ... It has been suggested that Haze be merged into this article or section. ... Haze is an atmospheric phenomenon where dust, smoke and other pollutant particles obscure the normal clarity of the sky. ... [edit] Urban structure Buildings in Central Kolkata Kolkata city, under the jurisdiction of the Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC), has an area of 185 km² (71 sq mi).[34] The Kolkata urban agglomeration, however, has continuously expanded and as of 2006, the urban agglomeration (Kolkata Metropolitan Area) is spread over 1,750 km² (676 sq mi),[34] and comprises 157 postal areas.[35] The urban agglomeration is formally administered by several local governments including 38 local municipalities. The urban agglomeration comprises 72 cities and 527 towns and villages.[34] The suburban areas of Kolkata metropolitan district incorporates parts of the districts North 24 Parganas, South 24 Parganas, Howrah, Hooghly and Nadia. Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Kolkata Municipal Corporation (formerly Calcutta Municipal Corporation) is responsible for the civic infrastructure and administration of the city of Kolkata. ... 2006 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Kolkata Metropolitan Area (KMA) is the urban agglomeration of the city of Kolkata, West Bengal, India. ... Kolkata city has many densely populated outskirts region. ... North 24 Parganas is a district of West Bengal, India. ... South 24 Parganas is an important district of West-Bengal. ... Howrah is a district of the Indian state of West Bengal. ... It has been proposed below that Hooghly District be renamed and moved to Hooghly district. ... Nadia is a district of the state of West Bengal, in the north east of the Republic of India. ... The east-to-west dimension of the proper city is narrow, stretching from the Hooghly River in the west to roughly the Eastern Metropolitan Bypass in the east, a span of barely 5–6 km.[36] The north-south expansion is roughly divided into North, Central and South Kolkata. North Kolkata locality is the oldest part of the city, with 19th century architecture and narrow alleyways. The ambience in this area is reminiscent of the old Kolkata. South Kolkata grew mostly after independence and consists of elite localities. The Salt lake City (Bidhan Nagar) area to the northeast of the city is a planned section of Kolkata. Rajarhat, also called New Town, is a planned township being developed on the north-eastern fringes of the city. The Eastern Metropolitan Bypass or simply E.M.Bypass is a major road connecting the northern and southern part of the city of Kolkata, West Bengal, India. ... bla bla bla ... Rajarhat, also called New Town, is the latest township being developed on the north-eastern fringes of Kolkata city. ... Central Kolkata houses the central business district around the B. B. D. Bagh area. The government secretariat, General Post Office, High Court, Lalbazar Police HQs and several other government and private offices are located here. The Maidan is a large open field in the heart of the city where several sporting events and public meetings are held. Several companies have set up their offices around the area south of Park Street which has become a secondary Central Business District. The Central Business District of Sydney, Australia. ... B.B.D. Bagh, formerly called Dalhousie Square, is one of the central business district area of Kolkata, India. ... Writers Building is the secretariat of West Bengal. ... The domed roof of GPO, some restoration works going on The General Post Office, Kolkata is the central post office of the city of Kolkata, India and the chief post office of West Bengal. ... The Calcutta High Court is the oldest High Court in India. ... Lalbazar is a location in the Kolkata central business district adjoining the famous B.B.D. Bagh area. ... Kolkata — the skyline across the Maidan The Maidan (open field) is the largest urban park in Kolkata (earlier known as Calcutta) in India. ... Park Street is one of the main thoroughfares of the city of Calcutta, India. ... [edit] Economy Vendors selling flowers in a market. Information technology hub at Salt Lake, a satellite township Main article: Economy of Kolkata Kolkata is the main business, commercial and financial hub of eastern India and the northeastern states. It is home to the Calcutta Stock Exchange — India's second-largest bourse.[37] It is also a major commercial and military port, and the only city in the region to have an international airport. Once India's leading city and Capital, Kolkata experienced a steady economic decline in the years following India's independence due to the prevalent unstabilised political condition and rise in trade-unionism supported by left-wing parties. Between the 1960s to the mid 1990s, flight of capital was enormous as many large factories were closed or downsized and businesses relocated. The lack of capital and resources coupled with a worldwide glut in demand in the city's traditional industries (e.g. jute) added to the depressed state of the city's economy.[38] The liberalisation of the Indian economy in the 1990s along with the election of a new reformist Chief Minister, Buddhadeb Bhattacharya have resulted in the improvement of the city's fortunes. Image File history File links Kolkataflowermarket. ... Image File history File links Kolkataflowermarket. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 531 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 680 pixel, file size: 362 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) The Calcutta office of CTS is in Salt Lake sector V. Author: Flickr user: Nikkul http://www. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 531 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 680 pixel, file size: 362 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) The Calcutta office of CTS is in Salt Lake sector V. Author: Flickr user: Nikkul http://www. ... Kolkata — the skyline across the Maidan Kolkata is the main business, commercial and financial hub of eastern India and the main port of communication for the North-East Indian states. ... The Indies, on the display globe of the Field Museum, Chicago The Indies or East Indies (or East India) is a term used to describe lands of South and South-East Asia, occupying all of the former British India, the present Indian Union, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Maldives, and... The Himalayas in Sikkim North-East India is the easternmost region of India consisting of the contiguous Seven Sister States and the state of Sikkim. ... Calcutta Stock Exchange Association Limited , popularly the Calcutta Stock Exchange (CSE), located at the Lyons Range, Kolkata, India, was incorporated in 1908 and is the second largest stock exchange in India. ... A stock exchange is an organization of which the members are stock brokers. ... The economy of India is the third largest in the world as measured by purchasing power parity (PPP). ... A Chief Minister is the elected Head of Government of a state of India, a territory of Australia or a British overseas territory that has attained self-government. ... Buddhadeb Bhattacharya the mass murderer of Nandigram (Bengali: ) (born March 1, 1944) is an Indian Communist politician, who has served as the Chief Minister of West Bengal (India) since November 6, 2000. ... Until recently, flexible production had always been the norm in Kolkata, and the informal sector has comprised more than 40% of the labour force.[39] State and federal government employees make up a large percentage of the city's workforce. The city has a large unskilled and semi-skilled labour population, along with other blue-collar and knowledge workers. Kolkata's economic revival was led largely by IT services, with the IT sector growing at 70% yearly — twice that of the national average.[21] In recent years there has been a surge of investments in the housing infrastructure sector with several new projects coming up in the city.[40] Kolkata is home to many industrial units operated by large Indian corporations with products ranging from electronics to jute. Some notable companies headquartered in Kolkata include ITC Limited, Bata India, Birla Corporation, Coal India Limited, Damodar Valley Corporation, United Bank of India, UCO Bank and Allahabad Bank Vijaya Bank. Recently, various events like adoption of "Look East" policy by the government of India, opening of the Nathu La Pass in Sikkim as a border trade-route with China and immense interest in the South East Asian countries to enter the Indian market and invest have put Kolkata in an advantageous position.[citation needed] In economics, the term informal economy refers to the general market income category (or sector) wherin certain types of income and the means of their generation are “unregulated by the institutions of society, in a legal and social environment in which similar activities are regulated. ... Information and communication technology spending in 2005 Information technology (IT), as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA), is the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware. ... ITC Limited, a food, drinks and tobacco manufacturing company, is one of Indias largest agribusinesses. ... Logo Bata Shoes (in Czech BaÅ¥a, also BaÅ¥ovy závody) is a large, family owned shoe company. ... Birla Corporation Limited, popularly known as Birla Corp is an Indian company based in Kolkata. ... Coal India Limited (CIL) It is wholly owned Government of India company, under the administrative control of the Ministry of Coal, involved in the mining and production of coal. ... The Damodar Valley Corporation, popularly known as DVC, is the first multipurpose river valley project of independent India. ... United Bank of India, one of the major commercial banks of India, was established in 1950 by merger of four banks, namely, Comilla Banking Corporation Limited (established 1914), Bengal Central Bank Limited (established1918), Comilla Union Bank Limited (established 1922) and Hooghly Bank Limited (1932). ... Uco Bank, formerly United Commercial Bank, established in 1943 in Kolkata, is one of the oldest and major commercial bank of India. ... Logo of Allahabad Bank Allahabad Bank is the oldest public sector bank in India, having begun operations in 1865. ... Vijaya Bank was founded on 23rd October 1931 by the late Shri A.B.Shetty and other enterprising farmers in Mangalore, Karnataka. ... Nathu La Pass (Nepali: नाथू ला, Tibetan: རན ཐོས ལ , Wylie: Rna thos la; Chinese: 乃堆拉山口), also spelled Ntula, Natu La, Nathula, or Natula, is a pass on the Indo-China border connecting the Indian state of Sikkim with Yadong County on the southern border of Tibet. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... [edit] Civic administration Main article: Kolkata Municipal Corporation Kolkata City officials Mayor Bikash Bhattacharya Deputy Mayor Kalyan Mukherjee Sheriff Amal Chakraborty Police Commissioner Prasun Mukherjee The Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC), (formerly the Calcutta Municipal Corporation), established in 1876, is responsible for the civic maintenance and infrastructure of Kolkata. The city is divided into 141 administrative wards that are grouped into 15 boroughs.[41] Each of these wards elects a councillor to the KMC. Each borough has a committee consisting of the councillors elected from the respective wards of the borough. The Corporation, through the borough committees, maintains government-aided schools, hospitals and municipal markets and partakes in urban planning and road maintenance.[34] The corporation as the apex body discharges its function through the Mayor-in-Council, consisting of a mayor, assisted by a deputy mayor, and ten other elected members of the KMC. The mayor is responsible for the overall functioning of the KMC and has a tenure of five-years.[42] At present, the CPI(M) led Left Front holds the power in KMC. Kolkata Municipal Corporation (formerly Calcutta Municipal Corporation) is responsible for the civic infrastructure and administration of the city of Kolkata. ... A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning larger, greater) is the modern title of the highest ranking municipal officer. ... Bikash Bhattacharya or Bikash Ranjan Bhattacharya is the present mayor of Kolkata (2005-2010 session), heading Kolkata municipal corporation. ... The Deputy Mayor of a community is the number two official to the mayor. ... Kalyan Mukherjee (Bengali: ) is the deputy mayor of Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC) in the city of Kolkata, West Bengal, India. ... The Sheriff of Kolkata is an apolitical titular position of authority bestowed for one year on a prominent citizen of Kolkata. ... Amal Chakraborty is the Sheriff of Kolkata for the year 2006. ... The Police Commissioner of Kolkata is the chief of the Kolkata Police. ... Prasun Mukherjee (1950-) is, at present, the Commissioner of Police in the city of Kolkata (Kolkata Police), West Bengal, India. ... Kolkata Municipal Corporation (formerly Calcutta Municipal Corporation) is responsible for the civic infrastructure and administration of the city of Kolkata. ... A ward is an electoral district used in local politics, most notably in England, Scotland, and Wales, as well as Australia, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa and many cities in the United States and the federal district of Washington, DC. Wards are usually named after neighbourhoods... Look up Borough in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A councillor is a member of a council (such as a city council), particularly in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and other parts of the Commonwealth. ... Mayor-Council government is one of two variations of government most commonly used in modern representative municipal governments in the United States. ... CPI(M) flag The Communist Party of India (Marxist), or CPI(M), is a political party in India. ... Left Front election propaganda in Kolkata 2004 DSP-meeting in Kolkata West Bengal Left Front Committee meeting for solidarity with Tripura Left Front is an alliance of Indian leftist parties. ... Kolkata Municipal Corporation building The city also has an apolitical titular post, that of the Sheriff of Kolkata.[43] The Sheriff presides over various city-related functions and conferences. Another ancillary civic body is the Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA) responsible for the statutory planning and development of the Kolkata Metropolitan Area (KMA).[44] The KMA includes a large suburban hinterland around the urban centers of Kolkata. Image File history File links Kmcb. ... Image File history File links Kmcb. ... (In the context of property law, title refers to ownership or documents of ownership; see title (property). ... The Sheriff of Kolkata is an apolitical titular position of authority bestowed for one year on a prominent citizen of Kolkata. ... Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority is the statutory planning and development authority fot the Kolkata Metropolitan Area(KMA) in the state of West Bengal, India. ... Kolkata Metropolitan Area (KMA) is the urban agglomeration of the city of Kolkata, West Bengal, India. ... The meaning of hinterland and its history. ... As the capital of the state and the seat of the Government of West Bengal, Kolkata houses the West Bengal Legislative Assembly, the Secretariat (Writers' Building) and the Calcutta High Court. Kolkata also has lower courts; the Small Causes Court for civil matters, and the Sessions Court for criminal cases. The Kolkata Police, headed by the Police Commissioner, comes under the West Bengal Home Ministry. The city is administratively divided into five police-zones subdivided into 48 local police stations.[45] The city elects 3 representatives to the Lok Sabha (India's lower house) and 21 representatives to the state Legislative Assembly.[46] The Government of West Bengal also known as the State Government of West Bengal, or locally as State Government, is the supreme governing authority of the Indian state of West Bengal and its 19 districts. ... The West Bengal Legislative Assembly — the Vidhan Sabha is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of West Bengal. ... Writers Building is the secretariat of West Bengal. ... The Calcutta High Court is the oldest High Court in India. ... The phrase lower court has several possible meanings in English: In reference to an appeal, the lower court is the court whose decision is being reviewed. ... In Indian cities, the Small Causes Court is responsible for adjudicating matters related to civil cases. ... In Indian cities, the Sessions Court is responsible for adjudicating matters related to criminal cases. ... The Kolkata Police has the task of policing the vast metropolitan area of Kolkata, India. ... Kolkata Police is divided into 5 administrative divisions. ... The police stations in Kolkata , in the area area under Kolkata Police are: Alipore Amherst Street Ballygunge Beleghata Beniapukur Bhowanipur Bowbazar Burrabazar Burtola Charu Market Chetla Chitpur Cossipore Ekbalpore Entally Garden Reach Gariahat Girish Park Hare Street Hastings Jorabagan Jorasanko Kalighat Karaya Lake Maidan Maniktala Muchipara Narkeldanga New Alipore New... The Lok Sabha is the lower house in the Parliament of India. ... [edit] Utility services and media