Korean pottery appeared later than south Chinese pottery, and required a reasonably stable village culture before domestic Korean potter's wheels and kilns could be produced. Estimates are that Korean pottery history go back to the early Silla period, from domestic ware of clay that followed, and was within the Korean ceramics tradition. The potters wheel is a horizontal wheel or turntable used in the making of many types of pottery. ... Jump to: navigation, search Charcoal Kilns, California Gold Kiln, Victoria, Australia A kiln is an oven that is used for hardening, burning, or drying anything. ... Silla (also denoted as Shilla) was one of the three kingdoms of ancient Korea. ...

Early history

Chinese influences

With many scholars, and trade missions sent to China, the Koreans who returned brought back many fine samples of the best of Chinese potters' wares, and may have indeed as well studied in China, or brought back Chinese clay as ballast to make Korean artefacts. The styles of China, the forms, approaches, the glazes and glazing methods, all were the early foundations of Korean pottery.

Chinese influences continued – particularly in the choice of glaze colour, shapes and forms, and use of brushes and techniques – until well into the mid-20th century. After 1949, Chinese influence declined in partitioned Korea as a result of the fear of communism amongst southern politicians, who also included cultural influences in that fear. In the post-Deng Xiaoping era, however, once again Chinese and Korean potters began exchanges. Jump to: navigation, search 1949 is a common year starting on Saturday. ... Jump to: navigation, search Deng Xiaoping Deng Xiaoping listen â–¶(?) (Simplified Chinese: 邓小平; Traditional Chinese: 鄧小平; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Teng Hsiao-ping; August 22, 1904—February 19, 1997) was a revolutionary elder in the Communist Party of China (CPC) who served as the de facto ruler of the Peoples Republic of...

Three Kingdoms pottery

The Three Kingdoms of Silla, Goguryeo, and Baekje from 57 BCE to 668 CE, provided the basis for Korean pottery. Goguryeo (37 BC-668) was an empire in Manchuria and northern Korea. ... Jump to: navigation, search Baekje was a kingdom that existed in southwestern Korea from 18 BCE to 660 CE. In Korea, together with Goguryeo and Silla, it is known as one of the Three Kingdoms. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC - 50s BC - 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC Years: 62 BC 61 BC 60 BC 59 BC 58 BC 57 BC 56 BC 55 BC 54... Events Childeric II succeeds Clotaire III as Frankish king Constantine IV becomes Byzantine Emperor, succeeding Constans II Theodore of Tarsus made archbishop of Canterbury. ...

Rough domestic work for the people were produced from numerous kilns, as well as a number of very sophisticated statues of royal figures, guardians, and horses, equivalent to Chinese Han Dynasty figures, used for domestic and imperial votive shrines as well as for escorts of the dead in tombs of the nobles and kings, some of whose elements were turned on potter's wheels, others being built using the traditional hammered clay and coil method. Jump to: navigation, search Han commanderies and kingdoms AD 2. ...

Silla Era pottery

During the Silla Era (668–935) pottery was simple in colour, shape, and design. Celadon was the main production, with baekja porcelain wares developing slowly until the 14th century, when the pace accelerated with new glazes, better clays, and surprising variations of white on different clays. Events Childeric II succeeds Clotaire III as Frankish king Constantine IV becomes Byzantine Emperor, succeeding Constans II Theodore of Tarsus made archbishop of Canterbury. ... Jump to: navigation, search Events Václav (Saint Wenceslas), Duke of the Bohemians, murdered by his brother, Boleslav I, who succeeds him Gyeonhwon, the king of Hubaekje, is overthrown by his eldest son Singeom. ... Jump to: navigation, search This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right}. It is housed in the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. As a means of recording the passage of time, the 14th century was that century which... Painting technique Glaze is a term for painting with a transparent medium. ... Clay is a generic term for an aggregate of hydrous silicate particles less than 4 μm (micrometres) in diameter. ...

The kilns at the time had to compete with Chinese wares on a variety of social levels, and the Korean workmasters decided to distinguish Korean baekja or white porcelain from Chinese imports by maintaining simplicity in design when the practical problems of finding pure white glazes were solved. Dating of glazes from this era has revealed a celadon or jade patina beneath the white glazes. Alternate meaning: Celadon (color) Celadon funerary jar from the Three Kingdoms period Celadon is a type of pottery having a pale green glaze. ... A selection of antique, hand-crafted Chinese jadeite jade buttons Jade An ornamental stone, jade is a name applied to two different silicate minerals. ... Categories: Art stubs | Sculpture ...

Baekja wares came from highly refined white clay, glazed with feldspar, and fired in large carefully regulated very clean kilns. Despite the refining process, glazes in white colours always vary as a result of the properties of the clay itself; firing methods were not uniform, temperatures varied, and glazes on pieces vary from pure white, in almost snowy thickness, through milky white that shows the clay beneath deliberately in washed glaze, to light blue and light yellow patinas. Feldspar is the name of an important group of rock-forming minerals which make up perhaps as much as 60% of the Earths crust. ... Jump to: navigation, search Charcoal Kilns, California Gold Kiln, Victoria, Australia A kiln is an oven that is used for hardening, burning, or drying anything. ...

The baekja wares reached their zenith immediately before the Joseon Dynasty came to power. Fine pieces have recently been found in the area about Wolchil Peak in the Diamond Mountains. The transitional wares of white became fields for Joseon Dynasty celebrations of victory in many pieces decorated with Korean calligraphy. Traditionally white wares were used by both the scholarly Confucian class, the nobility, and royalty on the more formal occasions. The Joseon Dynasty (alternatively, Chosun, Korean: 조선왕조, Hanja: 朝鮮王朝) was the final ruling dynasty of Korea, lasting from 1392 until 1910. ... Korean calligraphy - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ...

Simultaneously, the Buddhist traditions demanded celadon-glazed porcelain, and cheongja wares of celadon porcelain with more organic shapes drawing on gourds, with animal and bird motifs evolved very quickly. In some ways these were over-decorated wares, using exaggerated forms, stylized repeating designs, and a wide variety of organic patterns. Jump to: navigation, search A replica of an ancient statue found among the ruins of a temple at Sarnath Buddhism is a religion and philosophy based on the teachings of the Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama, a prince of the Shakyas, whose lifetime is traditionally given as 566 to 486 BCE...

Cheongja wares used a refined earth clays with a bit of iron powder added, then a glaze with a bit of added iron powder added once again, then fired. The glaze dries hard and is hard wearing and slightly shinier and glossier in an oily way than whitewares.

Goryeo Dynasty

The Goryeo Dynasty (918–1392) achieved the unfication of the Latter Three Kingdoms under King Taejo. The works of this period are considered by some to be the finest small-scale works of pottery in existence. The Goryeo kingdom ruled Korea from the fall of Silla in 935 until the founding of Joseon in 1392. ... King Taejo of Joseon (original name Yi Seong-gye, 이성계(李成桂) was the founder and the first king of Koreas Joseon Dynasty. ...

Key-fret, foliate designs, geometric or scrolling flowerhead bands, elliptical panels, stylized fish and insects, and the use of incised designs began at this time. Glazes were usually various shades of celadon, with browned glazes to almost black glazes being used for stoneware and storage. Celadon glazes could be rendered almost transparent to show black and white inlays.

While the forms generally seen are broad-shouldered bottles, larger low bowls or shallow smaller bowls, highly decorated celadon cosmetic boxes, and small slip-inlaid cups, the Buddhist potteries also produced melon-shaped vases, chrysanthemum cups often of spectacularly architectural design on stands with lotus motifs and lotus flower heads. In-curving rimmed alms bowls have also been discovered similar to Korean metalware. Wine cups often had a tall foot which rested on dish-shaped stands.

Joseon Dynasty pottery

During the Joseon Dynasty, (1392–1910) pottery was considered to represent the highest quality of achievement from imperial, city, and provincial kilns, the last of which were export-driven wares. This was the golden age of Korean pottery, with a long period of growth in imperial and provincial kilns, and much work of the highest quality still preserved. The Joseon Dynasty (alternatively, Chosun, Korean: 조선왕조, Hanja: 朝鮮王朝) was the final ruling dynasty of Korea, lasting from 1392 until 1910. ... Events Korean founder of the Joseon Dynasty General Yi Seonggye leads a coup détat, overthrowing the kingdom of Goryeo and founding the kingdom of Joseon Afyonkarahisar in western Turkey is conquered by Sultan Beyazid I Louis de Valois is created the 1st Duke of Orléans, the second time... Jump to: navigation, search 1910 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

Wares evolved along Chinese lines in terms of colour, shape, and technique. Celadon, whitewares, and storage pottery were similar, but with slight variations in glazes, incision designs, florality, and weight. The Ming influence in blue and white wares using cobalt-blue glazes existed, but without the pthalo blue range, and the three-dimensional glassine colour depth of Ming Dynasty Chinese works. This article is on the chemical element. ... Pthalo Blue is a synthetic pigment (full name Pthalocyanine). ... Jump to: navigation, search The Ming Dynasty was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644. ...

Simplified designs emerged early on. Buddhist designs still prevailed in celadon wares: lotus flowers, and willow trees. The form most often seen was that of pear-shaped bottles. Notable were thinner glazes, and colourless glazes for punch'ong or stoneware.

After the prolonged fall of the Ming dynasty, immigration of some Chinese master potters occurred in southern coastal Korea. Q'ing colouring, brighter and almost Scythian in enamel imitation, was rejected by Korean potters, in favour of simpler, less decorated wares in keeping with a new dynasty that built itself on military tradition. Jump to: navigation, search By far the greatest collection of Scythian gold is preserved at the Hermitage Museum. ...

Generally, the pottery of this dynasty is divided into early, middle, and late periods, changing every two centuries, approximately; thus 1300 to 1500 is the early period, 1500 to 1700 the middle, and 1700 to 1900–1910 the late period).

The wares began to assume more traditional Korean glazes and more specific designs to meet regional needs. This is to be expected, as the Scythian art influences were of the former dynasty. And the rise of Confucianism needed purer baekje vessels. Jump to: navigation, search Confucianism (Chinese: 儒家, Pinyin Rújiā, The School of the Scholars; or, less accurately, 孔教 Kŏng jiào, The Religion of Confucius) is an East Asian ethical and philosophical system originally developed from the teachings of the early Chinese sage Confucius. ...

Export-quality pottery

Nearly all exports of Korean pottery went to Japan, and most were from provincial coastal kilns, especially in the Busan area. Export occurred in two ways: either through trading and the voluntary immigration of potters, or through outright invasion and theft of pottery and the kidnapping to Japan of families of potters who made the wares when the first method failed. Busan tower by night Haeundae beach at dawn, February 2005 Busan Metropolitan City, also commonly referred to as Pusan, is the largest harbor city in Korea, with a population of about 4 million, Busan is South Koreas second largest metropolis next to Seoul. ...

The practice of sending paper models of ceramics to Japan, having them approved, and then having them made by the shipload began in the late 17th century, most often for the Japanese Tea Ceremony. (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... A woman wearing kimono performs a tea ceremony seated in seiza position on tatami. ...

Export-quality pottery was always individual, and lacked the rigid perfectionism and uniformity of Chinese exports.

Occupied Korea and Japanese restraints

After 1945

Contemporary pottery

Much work explores new forms with traditional glazes. Some work can best be described as sculptural.

Kilns

Central to Korean success were the chambered climbing kilns that were used throughout the Joseon dynasty and exported abroad, especially to Japan by Korean kiln-makers were they were renamed as noborigama in the Karatsu area from the 17th century on.

Today most kilns used are electric kilns with computer controlled switchoffs, replacing first generation electric kilns with ceramic cones used as timers. There are, however, also artists using gas-fired kilns. sadasdsafdfdsafdsafsadfdsaffds

Centers for studying Korean pottery

• Department of Ceramics at the College of Art and Design, Ewha Woman's University in Seoul

Ewha Womans University is the largest womens university in the world. ... Jump to: navigation, search Seoul (서울, listen ▶(?)) is the capital of South Korea and is one of the most populous cities in the world, located in the northwestern part of the country on the Han River. ...

See also

• List of Korea-related topics
• Korean art
• [[Korean ceramics]
• List of Korean ceramic artists and sculptors

This is a list of Wikipedia articles on Korea-related people, places, things, and concepts. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... List of Korean ceramic artists and sculptor This is a compilation of Korean artists whose work is in three-dimensional materials, such as potters, other ceramic artists, and sculptors. ...

External links

• Over 120 pictures of Korean Pottery from the Freer Gallery
• Koryo dynasty
• [http://www.asia.si.edu/exhibitions/current/KoreanCeramics.htm Korean ceramics Details of an exhibition at the Smithsonian Institution
• Cultural Assets of Korea
• Comprehensive Archaeological Bibliography of Korean Pottery
• Talks on the Korean impact on Japanese ceramics
• Joseon Dragon vase with softer watery-blue glaze and naturalistic brush-strokes]
• From the Fire: Contemporary Korean ceramics International Arts Cermaic Artists exhibition]
• Mountain Dreams: Contemporary Ceramics by Yoon Kwang-cho — Philadelphia Museum of Art exhibition