 Kremlin Senate from the Red Square Moscow Kremlin Senate building (Russian: Сенат), commissioned by Catherine II of Russia, was designed and built by Matvey Kazakov in 1776-1787. The neoclassicist building originally housed Governing Senate, the highest juduciary and legislative office of Russia. Currently, it houses Russian presidential administration. Catherine the Great redirects here. ...
The neoclassical movement that produced Neoclassical architecture began in the mid-18th century, both as a reaction against the Rococo style of anti-tectonic naturalistic ornament, and an outgrowth of some classicizing features of Late Baroque. ...
The Governing Senate (Правительствующий сенат) was a legislative, judicial, and executive body of Russian Monarchs, instated by Peter the Great to replace the Boyar Duma and lasted until the very...
The Russian presidential administration (also known as Staff of Russia’s president, Presidential Executive Office, in Russian: ÐдминиÑÑ‚Ñ€Ð°Ñ†Ð¸Ñ ÐŸÑ€ÐµÐ·Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ½Ñ‚Ð° РоÑÑийÑкой Федерации)) is the executive office of Russias president created by a decree of Boris Yeltsin on July 19, 1991 as an institution supporting the activity of the president (then Yeltsin) and vice-president...
Construction
Catherine II has been a frequent guest in Moscow at the time when the city, neglected by past monarchs, did not have enough state offices. She launched construction of such offices and palaces, including the Senate - the national judiciary administration and the seat of elected administration of Moscow region.
Construction was started in 1776 by Karl Blank on a large triangular property in the north-east of Kremlin, following a 1775 draft by Kazakov[1]. The site once housed Trubetskoy family palace and at least three churches. [2] In 1779 Blank was demoted, and Kazakov took the lead. He envisaged Governing Senate as the Temple of Law, and designed the structure in strict, symmetrical Neoclassicist style. Troubetzkoy Coat of Arms Pogoń Litewska Coat of Arms Trubetskoy, or Troubetzkoy, or Trubetsky, or Trubecki, or Trubchevsky , is a typical Ruthenian Gedyminid gentry family of Black Ruthenian stock, like many other princely houses of Grand Duchy of Lithuania, later prominent in Russian history, science, and arts. ...
The Governing Senate (Правительствующий сенат) was a legislative, judicial, and executive body of Russian Monarchs, instated by Peter the Great to replace the Boyar Duma and lasted until the very...
The triangular structure is centered around Rotunda Hall (diameter 24.6 meters, 27 meters internal height), once called The Pantheon of Russia. Its dome, carrying the state flag as seen from the Red Square, would later become a Soviet propaganda icon. However, originally it carried St.George statue, then a statue of Justice (destroyed by French troops in 1812) [3]. Exterior styling is unusual in its mix of Doric and Ionic order. Kazakov's building cost 759,000 roubles. Pantheon may refer to: Buildings: Pantheon, Rome, a temple built in 125 AD to all Roman gods, now a Christian church. ...
The uncompleted Doric temple at Segesta, Sicily, has been waiting for finishing of its surfaces since 430–420 BC The Doric order was one of the three orders or organizational systems of Ancient Greek or classical architecture; the other two orders were the Ionic and the Corinthian. ...
Architects first real look at the Greek Ionic order: Julien David LeRoy, Les ruines plus beaux des monuments de la Grèce Paris, 1758 (Plate XX) The Ionic order forms one of the three orders or organizational systems of classical architecture, the other two canonic orders being the Doric and...
According to Ivan Kondratiev, Catherine was so impressed by the building that she gave Kazakov her gloves, saying "I'll pay your bills later, for now - this is a token for your wife". She indeed repayed Kazakov with diamonds, promotion and a pension[4].
Later, in line with legal reforms of Catherine's successors, the building lost its national functions and became the seat of Moscow Regional Court (Здание Московских судебных установлений).
Modern history In 1905, terrorist Ivan Kalyayev killed Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich Romanov, the military governor of Moscow, near the Senate. This was commemorated by a
memorial cross, designed by Victor Vasnetsov in 1908. In 1918, the monument was destroyed by Bolshevik administration. Photography of Ivan Kalyayev made just after the assassination. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (582x800, 96 KB) Summary Cross on the place of assasination of the Grand Duke Serge Alexandrovich old postcard Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Viktor Vasnetsov...
Self-portrait 1873 Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov (Виктор Михайлович ВаÑнецов) (May 15 (N.S.), 1848—June 23, 1926) was a Russian artist who specialized in mythological and historical subjects. ...
Bolshevik Party Meeting. ...
Vladimir Lenin had his study and private apartment on the third floor in 1918-1922. Later, the Senate housed Joseph Stalin's study and conference hall. In 1955, Lenin's apartments were opened to public access; in 1994, all exhibits of this museum were relocated to Gorki Leninskiye and the Senate closed its doors to the public again.[5] Lenin redirects here. ...
“Stalin†redirects here. ...
Gorki Leninskiye (Russian: ) is an urban settlement located in Leninsky District of Moscow Oblast, 35 km south of Moscow, Russia. ...
In 1994-1998, Senate building was converted to house Russian presidential administration[6]. An indiscriminate reconstruction from scratch destroyed Kazakov's interiors. Preservation advocate Alexei Komech reported from the site: "... crushed walls, ripped air ducts and piles of 200 year old bricks remind me of wandering around ruins of Berlin's Reich Chancellery in 1946" [7]. Present-day photographs (inner courtyard main dome) also show that the builders destroyed and paved the chestnut garden that existed in Senate's courtyard in 1970s.[8] The Russian presidential administration (also known as Staff of Russia’s president, Presidential Executive Office, in Russian: ÐдминиÑÑ‚Ñ€Ð°Ñ†Ð¸Ñ ÐŸÑ€ÐµÐ·Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ½Ñ‚Ð° РоÑÑийÑкой Федерации)) is the executive office of Russias president created by a decree of Boris Yeltsin on July 19, 1991 as an institution supporting the activity of the president (then Yeltsin) and vice-president...
Alexei Komech (8 August 1936–28 February 2007)[1], preservationist, architectural historian and critic in Russia who helped to protect the cultural heritage of Moscow and Saint Petersburg for over 50 years. ...
Berlin is the capital city and one of the sixteen states of the Federal Republic of Germany. ...
Exterior view of the entrance of the New Reich Chancellery. ...
References - ^ Russian: Original drawings by Kazakov
- ^ Russian: Ильин М., Моисеева Т., "Москва и Подмосковье", М., 1979
- ^ Russian: Julia Labunskaya. Kazakov's Moscow, p.12
- ^ Russian: Иван Кондратьев, "Седая старина Москвы", М, 1997 (первое издание 1893)
- ^ Russian: Report on relocation of Lenin exhibits to Gorki
- ^ President of Russia, official site Senate page
- ^ Moscow News, No.6, 2003, Russian: www.mn.ru
- ^ "Moscow. Monuments of architecture. 18th-the first third of the 19th century", Moscow, Iskusstvo, 1975, photographs 56-58
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