NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Kresy Zachodnie

Kresy Zachodnie - (Polish: Western Borderlines) - term used by Poles, mostly in historical context, to refer to western parts of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, that after Partitions of Poland were annexed by Prussia. This name refers to Eastern Pommerania, Greater Poland and Warmia (sometimes also Upper Silesia). Territorial changes of Poland after World War II have been very extensive. ... Image File history File links Polska_map_blank. ... The history of Poland from 1945 to 1989 spans the period of Soviet Communist dominance over the Peoples Republic of Poland in the decades following World War II. These years, while featuring many improvements in the standards of living in Poland, were marred by political instability, social unrest, and... The Curzon Line was a demarcation line proposed in 1919 by the British Foreign Secretary, Lord Curzon of Kedleston, as a possible armistice line between Poland, to the west, and Soviet Russia to the east, during the Polish-Soviet War of 1919â€“20. ... The Oder-Neisse line (German: , Polish: ) is the border between Germany and Poland. ... The name Kresy (Polish for borderlands, or more correctly Kresy Wschodnie, Eastern Borderlands) is used by Poles, mostly in historical context, to refer to the eastern part of Poland before the II World War. ... Note: although the term recovered territories has a clear meaning in Poland and Polish historiography, it is not a widely accepted term or concept in Germany or in English-speaking nations. ... Historic Eastern Germany or Ex-German Eastern Territories are terms which can be used to describe collectively those provinces or regions east of the Oderâ€“Neisse line which were under the administration of a unified German state from 1871 until 1945 and were recognised as part of Germany by the... Zaolzie (Czech ZÃ¡olÅ¡Ã (ZaolÅ¾Ã), Slezsko zaolÅ¡anskÃ©, Polish Zaolzie, ÅšlÄ…sk zaolziaÅ„ski meaning Trans-Olza river) was the area disputed between Poland and Czechoslovakia West of Cieszyn with approximately 906 kmÂ² and 258,000 inhabitants. ... In the first centuries of its emergence in the 10th century, the Polish nation was led by a series of strong rulers who converted the Poles to Christendom, created a strong Central European state, and integrated Poland into European culture. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The Partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, commonly known as the Partitions of Poland (Polish: RozbiÃ³r Polski or Rozbiory Polski; Lithuanian: Padalijimas) took place in the 18th century and ended the existence of the sovereign Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 The word Prussia (Old Prussian: PrÅ«sa, German: PreuÃŸen, Polish: Prusy, Lithuanian: PrÅ«sai, Latin: Borussia) has had various (often contradictory) meanings: The land of the Baltic Prussians (in what is now parts of southern Lithuania, the Kaliningrad... Eastern Pomerania (also Pomerelia, East Pomerania, GdaÅ„sk Pomerania, Vistula Pomerania) is a geographical and historical region in the east of Pomerania in northern Poland. ... Greater Poland (also Great Poland; Polish: Wielkopolska, German: Grosspolen, Latin: Polonia Maior) is one of the historical regions of Poland. ... Warmia in 1547 Warmia (Polish: , German: , Latin: Varmia, also historically known as Ermeland) is a region between Pomerania and Masuria in northeastern Poland. ... Upper Silesia (Polish: GÃ³rny ÅšlÄ…sk, German: Oberschlesien, Czech: HornÃ Slezsko) is the south-eastern part of Silesia, a historical and geographical region of Poland (Opole Voivodship and Silesian Voivodship) and of the Czech Republic (Silesian-Moravian Region). ...

This term, a copy of Kresy Wschodnie, was first used by Jan Zachariasiewicz in his novel Na kresach published in 1860, but it did not enter common usage. The name Kresy (Polish for borderlands, or more correctly Kresy Wschodnie, Eastern Borderlands) is used by Poles, mostly in historical context, to refer to the eastern part of Poland before the II World War. ... 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ...

The 19th century history of this land was quite different from the rest of the former Commonwealth. There were uprisings like those in 1806, 1846 and 1848 but the main battle between the Polish majority and large German minority was for economic domination in these provinces. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1806 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1846 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1848 is a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

After World War I most of this area became part of the Second Polish Republic as a result of uprisings (Greater Poland Uprising, Silesian Uprisings) and decisions by the victorious Allies. Combatants Allies: Serbia, Russia, France, Romania, Belgium, British Empire, United States, Italy, and others Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire Casualties Military dead:5 million Civilian dead:3 million Total dead:8 million Military dead:4 million Civilian dead:3 million Total dead:7 million The First World... Second Polish Republic 1921-1939 The Second Polish Republic is an unofficial name applied to the Republic of Poland between World War I and World War II. When the borders of the state were fixed in 1921, it had an area of 388. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... The Silesian Uprisings (Polish: Powstania Å›lÄ…skie) was a series of three military insurections (1919-1921) of the Polish people in the Upper Silesia region against the German/Prussian forces in order to force them out the region and join it with Poland, that regained her independence after the World...

During the interwar period interbellum most inhabitants of this area supported the politics of Narodowa Demokracja. Józef Piłsudski was treated with considerable reserve. This was due to his collaboration with the Central Powers in World War I, and a perception that during the years when independent Poland was being recreated Piłsudski was more interested in fighting for the eastern borderlands Kresy Wschodnie became part of the new state than in fighting for the western provinces. An interbellum is a period between wars. ... The National Democratic Party was a pre-WWII Polish right-wing political party co-founded by Roman Dmowski. ... Office Chief of State Term of office from November 14, 1918 until December 9, 1922 Profession Statesman and military commander Political party none, see Sanacja for details Spouse Maria PiÅ‚sudska Date of birth December 5, 1867 Place of birth ZuÅ‚Ã³w, in todays Lithuania Date of death May... European military alliances in 1915. ... The name Kresy (Polish for borderlands, or more correctly Kresy Wschodnie, Eastern Borderlands) is used by Poles, mostly in historical context, to refer to the eastern part of Poland before the II World War. ...

After 1945 the name Kresy Zachodnie was also used for the Recovered Territories, which were resettled in large part by Poles from Kresy Wschodnie. 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... Note: although the term recovered territories has a clear meaning in Poland and Polish historiography, it is not a widely accepted term or concept in Germany or in English-speaking nations. ...

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