Kroncong is the name of a ukulele-type instrument and an Indonesian musical style that typically makes use of the kroncong, a flute, and a female singer. Ukulele The ukulele (ʻukulele in Hawaiian and standard Hawaiian English; pronounced , or the Anglicised ), or uke, is a fretted string instrument which is, in its construction, essentially a smaller, four-stringed version of the guitar. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ...
Kroncong music began in the 16th century as sailors brought Portuguese instruments and music to Indonesia. Lower-class citizens, commonly called buaya, adopted the new musical styles. Eventually, they were assimilated by the upper-class citizens. It is now considered old-fashioned folk music by Indonesian youth.
when kroncong was later taken up by the popular theater and the recording industry, the improvised pantun gave way to fixed lyrics, and the element of competition dropped away.
the modern idiom and instrumentation of kroncong were fixed by the late 1930s, and by 1940s and 1950s - a time of war and revolution - the themes of love gave way to patriotism and revolution.
today kroncong is popular mostly amongst the generation now in their 50s and 60s that experienced the fight for indonesian independence.
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