Krum (died April 13, 814) was a Khan of Bulgaria, of the Dulo clan, from 802 to 814. 13 April is the 103rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (104th in leap years). ... Events Louis the Pious succeeds Charlemagne as king of the Franks and Emperor. ... Khan (sometimes spelled as xan, han, Polish chan) is a title with many meanings, originally commander, leader or ruler, in Mongolian and Turkish. ... The Dulo Clan or the House of Dulo was the name of the ruling dynasty of the early Bulgars. ... Events 31 October - Irene deposed as Emperoress of Byzantium and replaced by Nicephorus I. She is banished to Lesbos. ... Events Louis the Pious succeeds Charlemagne as king of the Franks and Emperor. ...

By defeating the Avar Khaganate in 805, Krum expanded the territory of Bulgaria to the north to cover the whole of Transylvania and eastern Panonia. A common border in Panonia was established between the Frankish Empire and Bulgaria, forcing the empire of Charlemagne to reckon with his powerful Balkan neighbor. The Eurasian Avars were a nomadic people of Eurasia, supposedly of proto-Mongolian Turkic stock, who migrated from eastern Asia into central and eastern Europe in the 6th century. ... Events Emperor Nicephorus I of Byzantium suffers a major defeat against the Saracens at Crasus. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Position of the Roman province of Pannonia Pannonia is an ancient country bounded north and east by the Danube, conterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia. ... For other uses, see Franks (disambiguation). ... Charlemagne (742 or 747 – 28 January 814) (also Charles the Great[1]; from Latin, Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus), son of King Pippin the Short and Bertrada of Laon, was the king of the Franks from 768 to 814 and king of the Lombards from 774 to 814. ... ...

Khan Krum aimed to incorporate all lands inhabited by Slavs and Bulgars into his state. The Byzantine Empire, under the leadership of Nicephorus I Genik, was alarmed. The first Byzantine attempt to attack Bulgaria was prevented by an internal plot. Before the end of 809, the Bulgarian forces had defeated the Byzantine army in the Struma valley. Serdica, which was later to become Bulgaria's capital, almost 11 centuries after that, was captured at this time. Byzantine Empire (Greek: ), is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... Nicephorus I and his son and successor, Stauracius. ... Events Saga succeeds Heizei as emperor of Japan. ... Struma was a ship chartered to carry Jewish refugees from Romania to British-controlled Palestine. ... National Theatre, Sofia Alexander Nevski Cathedral The city of Sofia (Bulgarian: София), at the foot of the Vitosha mountain, has a population of 1,208,930 (2003), and is the capital of the Republic of Bulgaria. ...

In 811 the Byzantine army captured Pliska and slaughtered its residents. After the palace was destroyed Krum was said to sue for peace offering Nicephorus I anything. The Byzantine Emperor refused the proposal. On July 26 Krum got his revenge, laying siege on the Byzantine army at the Vurbitsa pass, killing the Emperor and most of his commanders (see Battle of Pliska). Stauracius, son of Nicephorus, was paralyzed by a sword wound to his neck but escaped. It is said that Krum had the Emperor's skull lined with silver and used it as a drinking cup. Events July 26 - Battle of Pliska: Nicephorus I is defeated by the Bulgar khan Krum, and is succeeded by Stauracius as Byzantine emperor. ... The Byzantine Army was the primary military body of the Byzantine armed forces, serving alongside the Byzantine Navy. ... Pliska (Bulgarian. ... Nicephorus I and his son and successor, Stauracius. ... This is a list of Byzantine Emperors. ... July 26 is the 207th day (208th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 158 days remaining. ... The Battle of Pliska took place on July 26, 811, between the Byzantine Empire and the Bulgar khanate, resulting in one of the worst defeats in Byzantine history. ... Nicephorus I and Stauracius. ...

The Khan's further peace proposals met with refusal. Leading his army south, Krum seized Byzantine towns and strongholds. Extending another proposal for peace with very modest conditions, and with the new emperor refusing, the Bulgarians attacked Mesemvria (now Nessebar). The Bulgarians soon reached the walls of Constantinople. Intending to kill the Bulgarian Khan, the emperor proposed peace negotiations. The plot, however, was exposed and the Bulgarians tore through the lands between Constantinople and Adrianople. Krum's sudden death on April 13, 814 put an end to his goal of entering the Emperor's palace as a conqueror. Nessebar (Несебър), previously known as Mesembria and before that as Menebria, is an ancient city on the Black Sea coast of Bulgaria, located in Obshtina Nessebar, Burgas Oblast. ... Nessebar (Несебър), previously known as Mesembria and before that as Menebria, is an ancient city on the Black Sea coast of Bulgaria, located in Obshtina Nessebar, Burgas Oblast. ... Map of Constantinople. ... Map of Constantinople. ... Edirne is a city in (Thrace), the westernmost part of Turkey, close to the borders with Greece and Bulgaria. ...

Khan Krum was also known for the first Bulgarian written laws, which, in what may be the earliest example of state social policy in history, ensured subsidies to beggars and state protection to the poor of all Bulgarians. Through his laws he became known as a magnanimous ruler, bringing Slavs and Bulgars into a centralized state. Drinking, slander and robbery were severely punished under Krum, an extraordinary personality that has impressed many prominent Europeans for many centuries. His legislation was paid tribute to in Montaigne's works, Francois Rabelais described Krum's state as a country where there had been no treachery, slander and theft. Krum was the prototype of Prospero in Shakespeare's The Tempest^{[citation needed]}, one of Grifius' characters in Germany, and Corneille's in France. Law (from the late Old English lagu of probable North Germanic origin) in politics and jurisprudence, is a set of rules or norms of conduct which mandate, proscribe or permit specified relationships among people and organizations, intended to provide methods for ensuring the impartial treatment of such people, and provide... Michel Eyquem de Montaigne (February 28, 1533 - September 13, 1592) was an influential French Renaissance writer, generally considered to be the inventor of the personal essay. ... François Rabelais (ca. ... Prospero and Miranda by William Maw Egley Prospero is the protagonist in The Tempest, a play by William Shakespeare. ... William Shakespeare—born April 1564; baptised April 26, 1564; died April 23, 1616 (O.S.), May 3, 1616 (N.S.)—has a reputation as the greatest of all writers in English. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

His son Omurtag succeeded to the throne. Omortag-Khan or Omurtag of Bulgaria succeeded his father Krum to the throne in 814. ...

In J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter books, Viktor Krum is a Quidditch player from Bulgaria. It is possible that the Khan's name served as a inspiration for the character's surname. J. K. Rowling Joanne Jo Rowling, OBE (born 31 July 1965) is an English fiction writer who writes under the pen name of J. K. Rowling (see below). ... The official Harry Potter film logo This article is about the Harry Potter series. ... Viktor Krum is a fictional character in J. K. Rowlings Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. ... Quidditch is a fictional airborne ballgame played on broomsticks, a sort of magical variant of cricket or polo. ...

See also

• History of Bulgaria
• Bulgars

The history of Bulgaria as a separate country began in the 7th century with the arrival of the Bulgars and the foundation of the First Bulgarian Empire together with the local seven Slavic tribes, a union recognized by Byzantium in 681. ... This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...

External links

• Borders of Bulgaria during the reign of Khan Krum
• Bulgaria.com - History, Rulers of Bulgaria - Khan Krum