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A Krumholtz or Krummholz formation (from German: krumm, "twisted"; and holz, "wood") is a feature of subarctic and subalpine tree line landscapes, where continual exposure to fierce, freezing winds cause vegetation to become stunted and deformed. The wind kills branches on the windward side, giving the tree a characteristic flag-like appearance. Where the lower portion of the tree is protected by snow cover, only the exposed upper portion have this appearance. The subarctic is a region in the Northern Hemisphere immediately south of the true Arctic and covering much of Canada and Siberia, the north of Scandinavia, northern Mongolia and the Chinese province of Heilongjiang. ...
// Summary The subalpine Biome is a geographic and altitudinal region found below Tree-line and above the montane. ...
In this view of an alpine tree-line, the distant line looks particularly sharp. ...
Windward is the side of a boat into which the wind is blowing. ...
Common trees showing Krumholtz formation include Subalpine Fir, Subalpine Larch, Engelmann Spruce, Limber Pine, and Lodgepole Pine. Binomial name Abies lasiocarpa (Hooker) Nuttall The Subalpine Fir (Abies lasiocarpa) is a western North American fir, native to the mountains of Yukon, British Columbia and western Alberta in Canada; southeastern Alaska, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, western Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, northeastern Nevada, and the Trinity Alps in...
Binomial name Larix lyallii Parlatore Subalpine Larch (Larix lyallii), or simply Alpine Larch, is a coniferous tree native to northwestern North America. ...
Binomial name Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. ...
Binomial name Pinus flexilis ( var. ...
Binomial name Pinus contorta Douglas Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta) is a common tree in western North America. ...
See also In this view of an alpine tree-line, the distant line looks particularly sharp. ...
External links - Krumholtz formation in subalpine landscape
- Krumholtz formation in Hudson Bay subarctic landscape
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