?Kuduremukha Karnataka • India
Kuduremukha Iron Ore Company logo
Kuduremukha
Coordinates: 13°05′N 75°10′E / 13.08, 75.16
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
District(s)	Chikmagalur
Population	8,095 (2001)

Coordinates: 13°05′N 75°10′E / 13.08, 75.16 , Karnātakā   (Kannada: ಕನಾ೯ಟಕ) (IPA: ) is one of the four southern states of India. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links India_Karnataka_locator_map. ... Image File history File links Locator_Dot. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... Location of Mirzapur and the 82. ... The divisions of a district. ... Vidyasankara temple in Shringeri. ... 2001 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and also: The International Year of the Volunteer The United Nations Year of Dialogue Among Civilizations Events January January 1 - A black monolith measuring approximately nine feet tall appears in Seattles Magnuson Park, placed by an anonymous... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

Kuduremukha( ಕುದುರೆಮುಖ in Kannada ) is a mountain range in Chikmagalur district, in Karnataka, India. It is also the name of a small town situated near the mountain, about 48 kilometers from Karkala and about 20 kilometers from Kalsa. The name literally means 'horse-face' and refers to one picturesque view of a side of the mountain. Kannada - aptly described as sirigannada (known to few as Kanarese) is one of the oldest Dravidian languages and is spoken in its various dialects by roughly 45 million people. ... Vidyasankara temple in Shringeri. ... , Karnātakā   (Kannada: ಕನಾ೯ಟಕ) (IPA: ) is one of the four southern states of India. ... , Karkala is a town and also the headquarters of Karkala Taluk in Udupi district of Karnataka, India, and is located about 38 km from Udupi and about 480 km from Bangalore. ...

Kuduremukha town is primarily an iron ore mining town where the government run Kuduremukha Iron Ore Company Limited (KIOCL) operates. It is noted for its scenic beauty. Owing to the dense forests, sighting wildlife can be challenging, though the area is rich in wildlife. Nonetheless the drive through the forest ranges can be enchanting and exhilarating. Three important rivers, the Tunga, the Bhadra and the Nethravathi are said to have their origin here. A shrine of goddess Bhagavathi and a Varaha image, 1.8 m within a cave are the main attractions. For other uses, see Iron (disambiguation). ... Chuquicamata, the second largest open pit copper mine in the world, Chile. ...

Location

The Kuduremukha National Park (latitudinal range 13°01'00" to 13°29'17" N, longitudinal range 75°00'55' to 75°25'00" E) is the largest declared Wildlife Protected Area (600 km²) of a tropical wet evergreen type of forest in the Western Ghats. The Western Ghats is one of the twenty-five hot spots identified for bio-diversity conservation in the world. Kuduremukha National Park comes under the Global Tiger Conservation Priority-I, under the format developed jointly by Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and World Wide Fund-USA. The Agasthiyamalai range of the Western Ghats The Western Ghats are a mountain range in India. ...

The Horse Faced Peak

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Geography

The southern and western sides of the park form the steep slope of the Western Ghat ridge line, with the altitude varying from 100 m - 1892 m (peak). The northern, central and the eastern portions of the park form a chain of rolling hills with a mosaic of natural grassland and shola forest. Kuduremukha receives an average annual rainfall of 7000 mm, which has evolved forest types of mainly evergreen vegetation.

History

The British Government declared Kuduremukha region as a Reserved Forest in 1916, to stop rampant slash and burn cultivation practices from penetrating deeper into the Ghats. Well known environmentalist and Tiger expert Dr. Ullas Karanth, undertook a detailed and systematic survey of the distribution of the endangered Lion Tailed Macaque in Karnataka during 1983-84 with support from Government of Karnataka. He observed that suitable and extensive rainforest habitat for Lion-tailed Macaque existed in Kuduremukha and that the tract probably harbored the largest contiguous population of lion tailed macaques in the Western Ghats outside the Malabar region. He further suggested that Lion Tailed Macaques could be effectively used as a 'flagship' species to conserve the entire biotic community in the region and prepared a conservation plan for survival of wild population of Lion Tailed Macaques in the region delineating the present national park area as a proposed nature reserve. Based on his report, the Karnataka State Wildlife Advisory Board suggested to the Government that Kuduremukha National Park be created. Subsequently, the first notification of the Kuduremukha National Park was issued. In 1987, the Government of Karnataka declared these Reserved Forests as a National Park based on the above suggestion. Bold textHello ... For other uses, see Tiger (disambiguation). ... Dr. Ullas Karanth, son of celebrated Kannada writer Shivaram Karanth is one of the pre-eminent tiger conservation experts in India today. ... Binomial name (Linnaeus, 1758) Synonyms Simia silenus (Linnaeus, 1758) Cercopithecus vetulus (Erxleben, 1777) Simia (Cercopithecus) silenus albibarbatus (Kerr, 1792) Simia ferox (Shaw, 1792) Simia veter (Audebert, 1798) Simia silanus (F. Cuvier, 1822) The Lion-tailed Macaque (Macaca silenus) is an Old World monkey that lives only in the Western Ghats... [Land of uncivilised] Bekal Fort Beach, Kerala Malabar (Malayalam: മലബാര്‍ ) is a region of southern India, lying between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea, and derived from the Malayalam word Mala mean Hill and Persian word Bar means Kingdom, and is same as the word meaning of Malayalam. ...

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Ecology

Image taken by we "MITians" during the trek to Kuduremukha peak on 1/5/07

A diverse assemblage of endangered large mammals is found in the park supporting three large mammal predator species Tiger, Leopard and Wild Dogs. The important Tiger prey base found within the Park is Gaur, Sambar, Wild Pig, Muntjac, Chevrotain, Bonnet Macaque, Common Langur and the Lion Tailed Macaque. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 451 pixelsFull resolution (2272 × 1280 pixel, file size: 1 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 451 pixelsFull resolution (2272 × 1280 pixel, file size: 1 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... For other uses, see Tiger (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Linnaeus, 1758 Synonyms Felis pardus Linnaeus, 1758 The Leopard (Panthera pardus) is an Old World mammal of the Felidae family and one of the four big cats of the genus Panthera, along with the tiger (), the lion () and the jaguar (). Once distributed across southern Eurasia and Africa from... Wild Dogs were a band featuring current Journey drummer Deen Castronovo. ... Binomial name Bos gaurus H. Smith, 1827 Range map The Gaur (IPA gauɹ) (Bos gaurus, previously Bibos gauris) is a large, dark-coated ox of South Asia and Southeast Asia. ... Binomial name Cervus unicolor (Kerr, 1792) Sambar Sambar in forest Sambar (also sambur, sambhur), is the common name for several large dark brown and maned Asian deer, particularly for the Indian species, which attains a height of 102 to 160 cm (40 to 63 in) at the shoulder and may... Binomial name Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 The Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) is the wild ancestor of the domesticated pig. ... Species See text. ... The four species of chevrotain, also known as mouse deer (not to be confused with deer mice, Peromyscus), make up the family Tragulidae. ... Binomial name Macaca radiata (E. Geoffroy, 1812) The Bonnet Macaque (Macaca radiata) is a macaque living in India. ... Subfamilies Cercopithecinae - 11 genera Colobinae - 9 genera The Old World monkeys or Cercopithecidae are a group of primates, falling in the superfamily Cercopithecoidea in the clade Catarrhini. ... Binomial name (Linnaeus, 1758) Synonyms Simia silenus (Linnaeus, 1758) Cercopithecus vetulus (Erxleben, 1777) Simia (Cercopithecus) silenus albibarbatus (Kerr, 1792) Simia ferox (Shaw, 1792) Simia veter (Audebert, 1798) Simia silanus (F. Cuvier, 1822) The Lion-tailed Macaque (Macaca silenus) is an Old World monkey that lives only in the Western Ghats...

The wet climate and the tremendous water retentive capacity of the shola grasslands and forests has led to the formation of thousands of perennial streams in the region converging to form three major rivers of the region, Tunga, Bhadra and Nethravathi that form an important lifeline for the people of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Lobo house is an old abandoned house on top of Kuduremukha.

the hills of Kuduremukha range Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 451 pixelsFull resolution (2272 × 1280 pixel, file size: 579 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ...	view from top Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 451 pixelsFull resolution (2272 × 1280 pixel, file size: 780 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ...	the forest covered hill Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 451 pixelsFull resolution (2272 × 1280 pixel, file size: 1. ...	view from top Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 451 pixelsFull resolution (2272 × 1280 pixel, file size: 993 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ...
Kuduremukha forest Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 451 pixelsFull resolution (2272 × 1280 pixel, file size: 1. ...	view from top Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 451 pixelsFull resolution (2272 × 1280 pixel, file size: 713 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ...	view from top Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 451 pixelsFull resolution (2272 × 1280 pixel, file size: 941 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ...	place to stay in the Kuduremukha hills - LOBO House Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 1200 pixel, file size: 899 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ...
walking on wooden log Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 451 pixelsFull resolution (2272 × 1280 pixel, file size: 1. ...

Threats

KIOCL Plant at Kuduremukha Kuduremukha Iron Ore Company Limited (KIOCL) is a government run company which mines iron ore from the Kuduremukha hills. KIOCL has been conducting its operations on an area of 4,604.55 ha for over 20 years. Opposition to its activities has built up over the years from environmentalists and wildlife conservationists who are concerned about the threat to the region's flora and fauna, and farmers who are affected by the pollution of the streams that originate in the mining area.

The rainfall in Kuduremukha, which is perhaps one of the highest for any open cast mining operation in the world, greatly accentuates the impacts of siltation. The topographic and rainfall characteristics in combination with the open cast mining of low grade iron ore and other land-surface disturbances caused by the KIOCL operations results in very high sediment discharge, with over 60% of the total siltation in the Bhadra system being contributed by the mining area which forms less than six per cent of the catchment. Over 1000 square kilometres of agricultural land would have been in peril if this sensitive area had not been protected from the ravages of mining at the very source of the Bhadra.

Kuduremukha sends iron ore through pipes running through districts of Udupi and Dakshina Kannada and is converted to pellets at their plant in Panambur.These pellets are exported to countries like Iran, Japan etc by ships. Udupi (Kannada:ಉಡುಪಿ) is a temple town located in Udupi District, near Mangalore, Karnataka state, on the southwest coast of India. ... Location of Dakshina Kannada district with respect to the other districts of Karnataka. ... Panambur is the name of place where New Mangalore Port is situated. ...

Demographics

As of 2001 India census,^[1] Kuduremukha had a population of 8095. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Kuduremukha has an average literacy rate of 80%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 83%, and female literacy is 77%. In Kuduremukha, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. 2001 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and also: The International Year of the Volunteer The United Nations Year of Dialogue Among Civilizations Events January January 1 - A black monolith measuring approximately nine feet tall appears in Seattles Magnuson Park, placed by an anonymous... Image:1870 census Lindauer Weber 01. ...

References

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 246th day of the year (247th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• Kuduremukha Company
• Checklist of Amphibians reported from Kuduremukha National Park
• Checklist of Aquatic Insects reported from Kuduremukha National Park
• Checklist of Birds reported from Kuduremukha National Park
• Checklist of Butterflies reported from Kuduremukha National Park
• Checklist of Fishes reported from Kuduremukha National Park
• Checklist of Mammals reported from Kuduremukha National Park
• Checklist of Non-Woody Plants reported from Kuduremukha National Park
• Checklist of Reptiles reported from Kuduremukha National Park
• Kuduremukha trek