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This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. Please help recruit one or improve this article yourself. See the talk page for details. Please consider using {{Expert-subject}} to associate this request with a WikiProject For other uses, see Kudzu (disambiguation). Kudzu Kudzu flowers Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Subfamily: Faboideae Tribe: Phaseoleae Genus: Pueraria Species: P. lobata Binomial name Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi Kudzu (クズ or 葛, Kuzu?), Pueraria lobata (syn. P. montana, P. thunbergiana), is one of about 20 species in the genus Pueraria in the pea family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae. It is native to southern Japan and southeast China in eastern Asia. The name comes from the Japanese word for this plant, kuzu. The other species of Pueraria occur in southeast Asia, further south. Image File history File links Information. ... Kudzu can refer to: Kudzu, the vine Kudzu (comic strip) Kudzu (Software), the Red Hat Linux hardware probing library Category: ... Download high resolution version (640x982, 110 KB)Flowering kudzu is a fast-growing legume with a grapelike odor. ... Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. ... Divisions Green algae Chlorophyta Charophyta Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular land plants (bryophytes) Marchantiophyta—liverworts Anthocerotophyta—hornworts Bryophyta—mosses †Horneophytopsida Vascular plants (tracheophytes) †Rhyniophyta—rhyniophytes †Zosterophyllophyta—zosterophylls Lycopodiophyta—clubmosses †Trimerophytophyta—trimerophytes Pteridophyta—ferns and horsetails Ophioglossophyta - adders-tongues Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta—seed ferns Pinophyta—conifers Cycadophyta—cycads Ginkgophyta—ginkgo... Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of land plants. ... Magnoliopsida is the botanical name for a class: this name is formed by replacing the termination -aceae in the name Magnoliaceae by the termination -opsida (Art 16 of the ICBN). ... Families Fabaceae (legumes) Quillajaceae Polygalaceae (milkwort family) Surianaceae The Fabales are an order of flowering plants, included in the rosid group of dicotyledons. ... Subfamilies Faboideae Caesalpinioideae Mimosoideae References GRIN-CA 2002-09-01 The name Fabaceae belongs to either of two families, depending on viewpoint. ... Tribes Abreae Adesmieae Aeschynomeneae Amorpheae Bossiaeeae Brongniartieae Carmichaelieae Cicereae Crotalarieae Dalbergieae Desmodieae Dipterygeae Euchresteae Galegeae Genisteae Hedysareae Indigofereae Liparieae Loteae Millettieae Mirbelieae Phaseoleae Podalyrieae Psoraleeae Robinieae Sophoreae Swartzieae Thermopsideae Trifolieae Vicieae Faboideae is a subfamily of the flowering plant family Fabaceae or Leguminosae. ... Genera include: Canavalia Lablab Macrotyloma Mucuna Phaseolus Psophocarpus Pueraria Vigna The tribe Phaseoleae is one of the subdivisions of the plant family Fabaceae, which includes the legumes. ... Binomial name Pueraria lobata Kudzu is also the name of a hardware detection program used in the Red Hat Linux and Fedora Linux operating systems. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Carl Ludwig von Willdenow (August 22, 1765 - July 10, 1812) was a German botanist and pharmacist. ... The hierarchy of scientific classification. ... Binomial name Pueraria lobata Kudzu is also the name of a hardware detection program used in the Red Hat Linux and Fedora Linux operating systems. ... Binomial name Pisum sativum L. A pea is the small, edible round green bean which grows in a pod on the leguminous vine Pisum sativum, or in some cases to the immature pods. ... Subfamilies Faboideae Caesalpinioideae Mimosoideae References GRIN-CA 2002-09-01 The name Fabaceae belongs to either of two families, depending on viewpoint. ... Tribes Abreae Adesmieae Aeschynomeneae Amorpheae Bossiaeeae Brongniartieae Carmichaelieae Cicereae Crotalarieae Dalbergieae Desmodieae Dipterygeae Euchresteae Galegeae Genisteae Hedysareae Indigofereae Liparieae Loteae Millettieae Mirbelieae Phaseoleae Podalyrieae Psoraleeae Robinieae Sophoreae Swartzieae Thermopsideae Trifolieae Vicieae Faboideae is a subfamily of the flowering plant family Fabaceae or Leguminosae. ... World map showing the location of Asia. ... Contents 1 Description 2 Uses 2.1 Culinary 2.1.1 Kudzu Blossom jelly 2.2 Medicinal 2.3 Soil improvement and preservation 2.4 Animal Feed 2.5 Other uses 3 Kudzu as an invasive species 3.1 Control 4 References 5 External links [edit] Description Kudzu is a climbing, woody or semi-woody, perennial vine capable of reaching heights of 20–30 m (66-98 ft) in trees, but also scrambles extensively over lower vegetation. The leaves are deciduous, alternate and compound, with a petiole (leaf stem) 10–20 cm (4–8 in) long and three broad leaflets 14–18 cm (6–7 in) long and 10 cm (4 in) broad. The leaflets may be entire or deeply 2–3 lobed, and are pubescent underneath with hairy margins. Trunks A tree trunk as found at the Veluwe, The Netherlands Wood is a solid material derived from woody plants, notably trees but also shrubs. ... Red Valerian, a perennial plant. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The coniferous Coast Redwood, the tallest tree species on earth. ... “Foliage” redirects here. ... Deciduous means temporary or tending to fall off (deriving from the Latin word decidere, to fall off) and is typically used in reference to trees or shrubs that lose their leaves seasonally. ... Silver spotted skipper on kudzu The flowers are borne in long panicles 10–25 cm (about 4–10 in) long with about 30–80 individual blooms at nodes on the stems (see image). Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1231x1533, 633 KB) Silver spotted skipper on kudzu File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1231x1533, 633 KB) Silver spotted skipper on kudzu File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Look up flower in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... White-fruited Rowan (Sorbus glabrescens) corymb; note the branched structures holding the fruits. ... Each flower is about 1–1.5 cm (about 0.4–0.6 in) long, purple, and highly fragrant. The flowers are copious nectar producers and are visited by many species of insects, including bees, butterflies and moths. Flowering occurs in late summer and is followed by production of brown, hairy, flattened seed pods in October and November, each of which contains three to ten hard seeds. Seeds, however, are only produced on plants that are draped over vegetation, fences, and other objects. Only one or two viable seeds are produced in a cluster of seed pods.[1] Orders Subclass Apterygota Archaeognatha (bristletails) Thysanura (silverfish) Monura - extinct Subclass Pterygota Infraclass Paleoptera (may be paraphyletic) Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Palaeodictyoptera - extinct Megasecoptera - extinct Archodonata - extinct Diaphanopterodea - extinct Protodonata - extinct Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) Infraclass Neoptera Superorder Exopterygota Caloneurodea - extinct Titanoptera - extinct Protorthoptera - extinct Grylloblattodea (ice-crawlers) Mantophasmatodea (gladiators) Plecoptera (stoneflies) Embioptera... For other uses, see Western honey bee and Bee (disambiguation). ... Superfamilies and families Superfamily Hedyloidea: Hedylidae Superfamily Hesperioidea: Hesperiidae Superfamily Papilionoidea: Papilionidae Pieridae Nymphalidae Lycaenidae Riodinidae A butterfly is an insect of the order Lepidoptora. ... A moth is an insect closely related to the butterfly. ... Once established, kudzu plants grow rapidly, extending as much as 20 m (60 ft) per season at a rate of about 30 cm (12 in) per day. This vigorous vine may extend 10–30 m (30–100 ft) in length, with basal stems 1–10 cm (1–4 inches) in diameter. Kudzu roots are fleshy, with massive tap roots 10–20 cm (4–8 in) or more in diameter, reaching depths of up to 12 feet in older patches, and weighing as much as 180 kg. As many as thirty stems may grow from a single root crown. A plants taproot is a straight tapering root that grows vertically down. ... Kudzu grows well under a wide range of conditions and in most soil types. Preferred habitats are forest edges, abandoned fields, roadsides, and disturbed areas, where sunlight is abundant. Kudzu grows best where winters do not drop below −15 °C (5 °F), average summer temperatures are regularly above 27 °C (80 °F), and annual rainfall is 1000 mm (40 in) or more. Less temperate areas are less susceptible to this rapidly growing vegetation. [edit] Uses [edit] Culinary The non-woody parts of the plant are edible. The young leaves can be used for salad or cooked as a leaf vegetable; the flowers battered and fried (like squash flowers); and the starchy tuberous roots can be prepared as any root vegetable. The starchy roots are ground into a fine powder and used for varieties of Wagashi and herbal medicines. When added to water and heated, kudzu powder becomes clear and adds stickiness to the food. It is sometimes known as "Japanese arrowroot", due to the similar culinary effect it produces.[citation needed] Salad Platter Salad is a light meal — or, as part of a larger meal, much more of an appetizer — consisting of mixed vegetables (usually including at least one leaf vegetable) or fruit, often with a dressing or sauce, occasionally nuts and sometimes with the addition of meat, fish or cheese. ... Fresh Swiss chard Fresh water spinach Creamed spinach Steamed kale Leaf vegetables, also called potherbs, greens, or leafy greens, are plant leaves eaten as a vegetable, sometimes accompanied by tender petioles and shoots. ... Plantains frying in vegetable oil. ... Species - hubbard squash, buttercup squash - cushaw squash - butternut squash - most pumpkins, acorn squash, summer squash References: ITIS 22365 2002-11-06 Hortus Third Squashes are four species of the genus Cucurbita, also called pumpkins and marrows depending on variety or the nationality of the speaker. ... Starch (CAS# 9005-25-8) is a complex carbohydrate which is insoluble in water; it is used by plants as a way to store excess glucose. ... A tuberous root is a modified lateral root, enlarged for storage. ... Root vegetables are underground plant parts used as vegetables. ... A selection of wagashi to be served during a Japanese tea ceremony. ... Binomial name Maranta arundinacea L. Arrowroot, or obedience plant, (Maranta arundinacea) is a large perennial herb of genus Maranta found in rainforest habitats. ... Its leaves are high in vitamins A and C, as well as calcium and protein. Its roots are rich in starch and its flowers are an excellent honey source.[2] The name Kudzu appeared first in Kojiki and Nihonshoki as a type of vine or Kazura used commonly by the people who lived in Kudzu, an area around present-day Yoshino, Nara prefecture. It is unclear whether the name was taken from the people or the name of the plant was applied to the people. Kudzu has been in use for over 1300 years and it is speculated that it goes back even further. Records from the Nara and Heian era indicate that kudzu was collected and sent as a part of tax. Even today, "Yoshino Kudzu" has the best image of kudzu powder yet. The Kagoshima prefecture is the largest producer of kudzu products.[citation needed] Kojiki or Furukotofumi (古事記), also known in English as the Records of Ancient Matters, is the oldest surviving historical book recounting events of ancient earth in the Japanese language. ... Nihonshoki (Japanese: 日本書紀), sometimes translated as Chronicles of Japan, is the second oldest book of classical Japanese history. ... Kagoshima Prefecture ) is located on KyÅ«shÅ« island, Japan. ... [edit] Kudzu Blossom jelly The purple flowers of Kudzu are also used to make a sweet jelly. This jelly is known better in the southern United States. This jelly has been described as tasting like either a cross between apple jelly and peach jelly or bubblegum. The viscous substance has a golden yellow color. Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid to deformation under shear stress. ... [edit] Medicinal Studies have shown that kudzu can reduce both hangovers and alcohol cravings.[3][4][5] A person who takes kudzu, will still drink alcohol, however, they will consume less than if they had not taken kudzu.[6] The mechanism for this is not yet established, but it may have to do with both alcohol metabolism and the reward circuits in the brain. The Harvard Medical School is studying kudzu as a possible way to treat alcoholic cravings, by turning an extracted compound from the herb into a medical drug. [7] This article does not cite any references or sources. ... King Alcohol and his Prime Minister circa 1820 Alcoholism is the consumption of or preoccupation with alcoholic beverages to the extent that this behavior interferes with the alcoholics normal personal, family, social, or work life. ... Kudzu also contains a number of useful isoflavones, including daidzein (an anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agent), daidzin (a cancer preventive) and genistein (an antileukemic agent). Kudzu is a unique source of the isoflavone puerarin. Kudzu root compounds can affect neurotransmitters (including serotonin, GABA, and glutamate) and it has shown value in treating migraine and cluster headache [8]. daidzein This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... Anti-inflammatory refers to the property of a substance or treatment that reduces inflammation. ... An antimicrobial is a substance that kills or slows the growth of microbes like bacteria (antibacterial activity), fungi (antifungal activity), viruses (antiviral activity), or parasites (antiparasitic activity). ... Cancer is a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these to spread, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion, or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis (where cancer cells are transported through the bloodstream or lymphatic system). ... Genistein is one of several known isoflavones. ... Leukemia or leukaemia (see spelling differences) is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow and is characterized by an abnormal proliferation (production by multiplication) of blood cells, usually white blood cells (leukocytes). ... Isoflavones are a class of organic compounds and biomolecules related to the flavonoids [1]. They are acting as phytoestrogens that are thought of by many [2] as useful in treating cancer. ... Neurotransmitters are chemicals that are used to relay, amplify and modulate electrical signals between a presynaptic and a postsynaptic neuron. ... Serotonin (pronounced ) (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter synthesized in serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) and enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract of animals including humans. ... Gaba may refer to: Gabâ or gabaa (Philippines), the concept of negative karma of the Cebuano people GABA, the gamma-amino-butyric acid neurotransmitter GABA receptor, in biology, receptors with GABA as their endogenous ligand Gaba 1 to 1, an English conversational school in Japan Marianne Gaba, a US model... Glutamate is the anion of glutamic acid. ... Cluster headaches are rare, extremely painful and debilitating headaches that occur in groups or clusters. ... In traditional Chinese medicine, where it is known as gé gēn (葛根), kudzu is considered one of the 50 fundamental herbs. It is used to treat tinnitus, vertigo, and Wei syndrome (superficial heat close to the surface).[citation needed] Information in this article or section has not been verified against sources and may not be reliable. ... Tinnitus (IPA pronunciation: or ,[1] from the Latin word for ringing[2]) is the perception of sound in the human ear in the absence of corresponding external sound(s). ... Vertigo, a specific type of dizziness, is a major symptom of a balance disorder. ... [edit] Soil improvement and preservation Kudzu has been used as a form of erosion control and also to enhance the soil. As a legume, it increases the nitrogen in the soil via a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil.[2] Its deep tap roots also transfer valuable minerals from the subsoil to the topsoil, therefore improving the topsoil. In the deforested section of the Central Amazon Basin in Brazil, it has been used to improve the soil pore-space in clay latosols and thus freeing even more water for plants than in the soil prior to deforestation.[9] Terraces, conservation tillage, and conservation buffers save soil and improve water quality on this Iowa farm. ... Loess field in Germany Surface-water-gley developed in glacial till, Northern Ireland Technically, soil forms the pedosphere: the interface between the lithosphere (rocky part of the planet) and the biosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere. ... Varieties of soybean seeds, a popular legume Pea pods A legume is a plant in the family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae), or a fruit of these plants. ... General Name, Symbol, Number nitrogen, N, 7 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 15, 2, p Appearance colorless gas Standard atomic weight 14. ... Common Clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris) in their magnificent sea anemone (Heteractis magnifica) home. ... Phyla Actinobacteria Aquificae Chlamydiae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Lentisphaerae Nitrospirae Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacteria Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Verrucomicrobia Bacteria (singular: bacterium) are unicellular microorganisms. ... Minerals are natural compounds formed through geological processes. ... Óģ Ķ Ä· Ä» ļ Å… ņ Å– Å— Åž ÅŸ Å¢ Å£ Ć ć Ĺ ĺ Ń Å„ Å” Å• Åš Å› Ý ý Ź ź Đ Ä‘ Å® ů ÄŒ č ÄŽ ď Ľ ľ Ň ň Ř Å™ Å  Å¡ Ť Å¥ Ž ž Ǎ ÇŽ Äš Ä› Ǐ ǐ Ç‘ Ç’ Ç“ Ç” Ä€ ā Ä’ Ä“ Ī Ä« ÅŒ ō Ū Å« Ç– ǘ Çš Çœ Ĉ ĉ Äœ ĝ Ĥ Ä¥ Ä´ ĵ Åœ ŝ Å´ ŵ Ŷ Å· Ä‚ ă Äž ÄŸ Ŭ Å­ ÄŠ Ä‹ Ä– Ä— Ä  Ä¡ Ä° ı Å» ż Ä„ Ä… Ę Ä™ Ä® į Ų ų Ł Å‚ Ő Å‘ Å° ű Ä¿ Å€ Ħ ħ Ð ð Þ þ Å’ Å“ Æ æ Ø ø Ã… Ã¥ Ə É™ – — … [] [[]] {{}} ~ | ° § → ≈ ± − × ¹ ² ³ ‘ “ ’ ” £ € Α α Î’ β Γ γ Δ δ Ε ε Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ Ι ι Κ κ Λ λ Îœ μ Ν ν Ξ ξ Ο ο Π Ï€ Ρ ρ Σ σ Ï‚ Τ Ï„ Î¥ Ï… Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω ... Topsoil is the uppermost layer of soil, usually the top six to eight inches. ... Amazon River basin The Amazon Basin is the part of South America drained by the Amazon River and its tributaries. ... The Gay Head cliffs in Marthas Vineyard are made almost entirely of clay. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... Deforestation is the conversion of forested areas to non-forest land use such as arable land, pasture, urban use, logged area, or wasteland. ... [edit] Animal Feed Kudzu can be used by grazing animals as it is high in quality as a forage and greatly enjoyed by livestock. It can be enjoyed up until frost and even slightly after. Often, kudzu hay has a 15-18% crude protein content and over 60% total digestible nutrient value. The quality of it decreases, however, as vine content increases relative to the leaf content. Kudzu also has low forage yields despite its great deal of growth, yielding around two to four tons of dry matter per acre annually. It is also difficult to bale due to its vining growth and its slowness in shedding water. This makes it necessary to place kudzu hay under sheltered protection after being baled. Kudzu is readily consumed by all types of grazing animals, yet frequent grazing over 3 to 4 years can ruin stands. Thus kudzu only serves well as a grazing crop on a temporary basis.[1] Forage is the herbaceous plant material (mainly grasses and legumes) eaten by grazing animals. ... Sheep are commonly bred as livestock. ... Frost on black pipes Frost is a solid deposition of water vapor from saturated air. ... Stacked hay in Romania Haystacks on stilts in Paddy fields, North Kanara, India Hay is dried grass or legumes cut, stored, and used for animal feed, particularly for grazing animals like cattle, horses, goats and sheep. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... “Foliage” redirects here. ... The term cell growth is used in two different ways in biology. ... An acre is the name of a unit of area in a number of different systems, including Imperial units and United States customary units. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... [edit] Other uses In the Southern United States, where the plant has been introduced with devastating environmental consequences,[10] kudzu is used to make soaps, lotions, jelly, and compost.[11][12] It has even been suggested that kudzu may become a valuable asset for the production of cellulosic ethanol[citation needed]. This article is 88 kilobytes or more in size. ... A collection of decorative soaps used for human hygiene purposes. ... A lotion is a low- to medium-viscosity medicated or non-medicated topical preparation intended for application to unbroken skin. ... Look up jelly in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A handful of compost Compost is the aerobically decomposed remnants of organic materials (those with plant and animal origins). ... Cellulosic ethanol or cellanol is a general term for ethanol fuel produced from lignocellulose, a structural material that comprises much of the mass of plants. ... [edit] Kudzu as an invasive species Kudzu growing on trees Kudzu was introduced from Japan into the United States in 1876 at the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition, where it was promoted as a forage crop and an ornamental plant. From 1935 to the early 1950s the Soil Conservation Service encouraged farmers in the South to plant kudzu to reduce soil erosion, and the Civilian Conservation Corps planted it widely for many years. Lantana invasion of abandoned citrus plantation; Moshav Sdey Hemed, Israel The term invasive species refers to a subset of introduced species or non-indigenous species that are rapidly expanding outside of their native range. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2016x1242, 926 KB) Kudzu on trees in Atlanta, Georgia, USA Location: Piedmont Park, next to large drainage ditch near railroad track [1] File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2016x1242, 926 KB) Kudzu on trees in Atlanta, Georgia, USA Location: Piedmont Park, next to large drainage ditch near railroad track [1] File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not... Year 1876 Pick up Sticks(MDCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... The Centennial International Exhibition of 1876, the first official worlds fair in the United States, was held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence in Philadelphia. ... Agriculture (encompasses farming, ranching, and the tending of orchards and vineyards) is the production of food, feed, fiber, fuel and other goods by the systematic raising of plants and animals. ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar). ... This does not cite any references or sources. ... The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) is a relatively small government agency in the United States Department of Agriculture currently comprised of about 12,000 employees. ... Severe soil erosion in a wheat field near Washington State University, USA. For erosion as an operation of Mathematical morphology, see Erosion (morphology) Erosion is displacement of solids (soil, mud, rock and other particles) by the agents of ocean currents, wind, water, or ice by downward or down-slope movement... CCC workers on road construction, Camp Euclid, Ohio 1936 The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was a work relief program for young men from unemployed families established on March 19, 1933 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in his first hundred days. ... The southeastern United States has near-perfect conditions for kudzu to grow – hot, humid summers, frequent rainfall, temperate winters with few hard freezes, and no natural predators. As such, the once-promoted plant was named a pest weed by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1953, and was removed from its list of permissible cover plants.[citation needed] Regional definitions vary from source to source. ... Larval form of some beetle is damaging specimen of Sceliphron destillatorius in entomogical collection. ... Yellow starthistle, a thistle native to southern Europe and the Middle East that is an invasive weed in parts of North America. ... The United States Department of Agriculture (also called the Agriculture Department, or USDA) is a United States Federal Executive Department (or Cabinet Department). ... Year 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Broadly defined, a cover crop is any annual, biennial, or perennial plant grown as a monoculture (one crop type grown together) or polyculture (multiple crop types grown together), to improve any number of conditions associated with sustainable agriculture. ... Kudzu is now common throughout most of the southeastern United States, and has been found as far north as Pennsylvania, and as far south as Key West, Florida. It has also been found growing (rather inexplicably) in Clackamas County, Oregon in 2000.[13] Kudzu has naturalized into about 20,000 to 30,000 square kilometers of land in the United States and costs around $500 million annually in lost cropland and control costs. It cannot tolerate low freezing temperatures that bring the frost line down through its entire root system; however it does require some cold weather (a solid frost or freeze annually). Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 280 miles (455 km)  - Length 160 miles (255 km)  - % water 2. ... Nickname: Coordinates: , Country United States State Florida County Monroe Government  - Type Council-Manager  - Mayor Morgan McPherson Area  - City  7. ... Clackamas County (IPA: ) is a county located in the state of Oregon. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... In physics and chemistry, freezing is the process whereby a liquid turns to a solid. ... Fig. ... The frost line is the level down to which the soil will normally freeze each winter in a given area. ... For the geological process, see Weathering or Erosion. ... Frost on black pipes Frost is a solid deposition of water vapor from saturated air. ... Kudzu is also becoming a problem in northeastern Australia and has been seen in yet isolated spots in northern Italy (Lago Maggiore). Kudzu growing on shrubs Kudzu seedpods The spread of kudzu is mainly by vegetative expansion by stolons (runners) that root at the nodes to form new plants and by rhizomes. Kudzu will also spread by seeds, which are contained in pods and mature in the autumn, although this is more rare. One or two viable seeds are produced per cluster of pods. These hard-coated seeds may not germinate for several years, which can result in the re-appearance of the species years after it was thought eradicated at a site. Kudzu Hemingway, South Carolina Image copyleft: Image taken by me, released under GFDL Pollinator 03:38, Nov 9, 2004 (UTC) ( ) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Kudzu Hemingway, South Carolina Image copyleft: Image taken by me, released under GFDL Pollinator 03:38, Nov 9, 2004 (UTC) ( ) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (985x1185, 445 KB) Kudzu seedpods File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (985x1185, 445 KB) Kudzu seedpods File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Silverweed (Argentina anserina) picture showing red stolons. ... ROOT is an object-oriented software package developed by CERN. It was originally designed for particle physics data analysis and contains several features specific to this field, but it is also commonly used in other applications such as astronomy and data mining. ... A node is the place on a stem where a lateral meristem develops as either a lateral bud or a secondary shoot, often subtended by a leaf. ... Ginger rhizome A rhizome is, in botany, a usually underground, horizontal stem of a plant that often sends out roots and shoots from its nodes. ... A ripe red jalapeño cut open to show the seeds For other uses, see Seed (disambiguation). ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... In a botanical sense, germination is the process of emergence of growth from a resting stage. ... [edit] Control For successful long-term control of kudzu, it is not necessary to destroy the entire root system, which can be quite large and deep. It is only necessary to use some method to kill or remove the kudzu root crown[14] and all rooting runners. The root crown is a fibrous knob of tissue that sits on top of the root (rhizome). Crowns form from vine nodes that root to the ground, and range from pea-size to basketball-size, or larger [14]. The older the crown, the deeper they tend to be found in the ground because they are covered by sediment and plant debris over time. Nodes and crowns are the source of all kudzu vines, and roots cannot produce vines. If any portion of a root crown remains after attempted removal, the kudzu plant grows back. Small kudzu crown severed from root using flexible pruning saw. Mechanical methods of control involve cutting off crowns from roots, usually just below ground level. This immediately kills the plant. Cutting off vines is not sufficient for an immediate kill. It is necessary to destroy all removed crown material: Buried crowns can regenerate into healthy kudzu. Transporting crowns in soil removed from a kudzu infestation is one common way that kudzu "miraculously" spreads and shows up in unexpected locations. Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Close mowing every week, regular heavy grazing for many successive years, or repeated cultivation may be effective, if this serves to deplete root reserves.[14] If done in the spring, cutting off vines must be repeated as regrowth appears to exhaust the plant's stored carbohydrate reserves. Cut kudzu can be fed to livestock, burned, or composted. Grazing To feed on growing herbage, attached algae, or phytoplankton. ... Tillage (American English), or cultivation (UK) is the agricultural preparation of the soil to receive seeds. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Lactose is a disaccharide found in milk. ... Late-season cutting should be followed up with immediate application of a systemic herbicide to the cut stems, to encourage transport of the herbicide into the root system. Repeated applications of several soil-active herbicides have been used effectively on large infestations in forestry situations.[14] A herbicide is a pesticide used to kill unwanted plants. ... A decidous beech forest in Slovenia. ... Prescribed burning is also used on old extensive infestations in order to remove vegetative cover and promote seed germination for removal or treatment. It is usually done to prepare for treatment of the root crowns.[15] Landscape equipment, such as a skid loader ("Bobcat"), can also remove biomass. While fire is not an effective way to kill kudzu,[14] equipment such as skid loaders can remove crowns and thereby kill kudzu with minimal disturbance of soil. [14] Firing the woods in a South Carolina forest with a custom made igniter mounted on an all terrain vehicle. ... Efforts are being organized by the U.S. Forest Service to search for biological control agents for kudzu, and a particular fungus is currently in testing.[14] The USDA Forest Service, a United States government agency within the United States Department of Agriculture, is under the leadership of the United States Secretary of Agriculture. ... Subkingdom/Phyla Chytridiomycota Blastocladiomycota Neocallimastigomycota Glomeromycota Zygomycota Dikarya (inc. ... The city of Chattanooga, Tennessee has undertaken a trial program using goats and llamas that graze on the plant. The llamas serve double-duty as defense against predators due to their aggressive nature. Currently the goats are grazing along the Missionary Ridge area in the east of the city. [16] This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Species See Species and subspecies The goat is a mammal in the genus Capra, which consists of nine species: the Ibex, the West Caucasian Tur, the East Caucasian Tur, the Markhor, and the Wild Goat. ... Binomial name (Linnaeus, 1758) The llama (Lama glama) is a South American camelid, widely used as a pack animal by the Incas[1] and other natives of the Andes mountains. ... Missionary Ridge is a geographic feature in Chattanooga, Tennessee, site of the Battle of Missionary Ridge, a battle in the American Civil War, fought on November 25, 1863. ... [edit] References ^ a b John Everest, James Miller, Donald Ball, Mike Patterson (1999). Kudzu in Alabama: History, Uses, and Control. Alabama Cooperative Extension System. Retrieved on August 20, 2007. ^ a b Amanda Allen (2000). Kudzu in Appalachia. ASPI Technical Series TP 55. Appalachia -- Science in the Public Interest. Retrieved on August 20, 2007. ^ Angela Spivey (1996). Sobering Effects from the Lowly Kudzu. Endeavors Magazine, UNC Chapel Hill. Internet Archive, The. Retrieved on May 15, 2007. ^ Lukas, Scott E.; Penetar, David; Berko, Jeff; Vicens, Luke; Palmer, Christopher; Mallya, Gopinath; Macklin, Eric A.; Lee, David Y.-W. (2005). An Extract of the Chinese Herbal Root Kudzu Reduces Alcohol Drinking by Heavy Drinkers in a Naturalistic Setting.. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research. 29(5):756-762. Research Society on Alcoholism. Retrieved on August 20, 2007. ^ David J. Hanson, Ph.D.. Kudzu and Alcohol Consumption. Alcohol: Problems and Solutions. Sociology Department, State University of New York. Retrieved on August 20, 2007. ^ William J. Cromie. Kudzu cuts alcohol consumption. Harvard University Gazette. Retrieved on August 20, 2007. ^ Associated Press (2006). Got a drinking problem? Try kudzu. MSNBC. Retrieved on August 20, 2007. ^ Kudzu. Med-owl.com (2006). Retrieved on August 20, 2007. ^ Chauvel, A; Grimaldi, M; Tessier, D (1991). Changes in soil pore-space distribution following deforestation and revegetation: An example from the Central Amazon Basin, Brazil.. Forest Ecology and Management. ProQuest. Retrieved on August 20, 2007. ^ Richard J. Blaustein (2001). Kudzu's invasion into Southern United States life and culture (PDF). United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved on August 20, 2007. ^ Kudzu Soap. Blue Ridge Soap Shed, The. Retrieved on August 20, 2007. ^ Jeffrey Collins (2003). If You Can’t Beat Kudzu, Join It. Off the Wall. Duke Energy Employee Advocate. Retrieved on August 20, 2007. ^ Oregon Department of Agriculture (2000). Serious noxious weed found in Oregon for first time. Internet Archive, The. Retrieved on August 20, 2007. ^ a b c d e f g Kudzu Control Without Chemicals. kokudzu.com (2007). Retrieved on August 20, 2007. ^ Written Findings of the State Noxious Weed Control Board. Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board (2007). Retrieved on August 20, 2007. ^ Betsy Bramlett (2007). Kudzu Goats And Friends Getting To Work On Missionary Ridge. The Chattanoogan. Retrieved on August 20, 2007. Part of this article was originally based on content from public domain web pages from the United States National Park Service and the United States Bureau of Land Management. The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... The National Park Service (NPS) is the United States government agency that deals with U.S. National Parks and U.S. National Monuments. ... US BLM logo The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is an agency within the United States Department of the Interior which administers Americas public lands, totaling 262 million acres (1,060,000 km²) or one-eighth of the landmass of the country. ... [edit] External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Kudzu The Amazing Story of Kudzu Kudzu For Diet or Natural Appetite Suppressant Pictures of Kudzu in the United States More details on Kudzu Invasivespecies.gov article (lots of links) Kudzu as anti-alcohol treatment Kudzu, pueraria Montana "Kudzu" James Dickey's Poem Categories: Pages needing expert attention | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements since February 2007 | Articles with unsourced statements since March 2007 | Articles with unsourced statements since August 2007 | Faboideae | Root vegetables | Invasive plant species | Edible thickening agents | Underutilized crops Image File history File links Commons-logo. ...

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	Kudzu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (1326 words) Kudzu roots are fleshy, with massive tap roots 10–20 cm (4–8 in) or more in diameter, 1–2 m (3–6 ft) or more in length, and weighing as much as 180 kg. Kudzu was recognized as a pest weed by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1953, and was removed from its list of permissible cover plants. The spread of kudzu is mainly by vegetative expansion by runners and rhizomes and by vines that root at the nodes to form new plants. kudzu - definition of kudzu in Encyclopedia (1165 words) Kudzu is also the name of a hardware detection program used in the Red Hat Linux and Fedora Linux operating systems. Kudzu roots are fleshy, with massive tap roots 10-20 cm (4-8 in) or more in diameter, 1-2 m (3-6 ft) or more in length, and weighing as much as 180 kg. The spread of kudzu in the U.S. is mainly by vegetative expansion by runners and rhizomes and by vines that root at the nodes to form new plants.
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