Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) Flag

Congress for Freedom and Democracy in Kurdistan (KADEK) Flag

Kongra-gel Flag

The Kurdistan Workers Party (Kurdish: Partiya Karkerên Kurdistan or PKK), is one of several organisations striving for the rights of the kurdish people in Turkey. Its main objective is the creation of an independent Kurdish state in Kurdistan, a territory that is currently southeastern Turkey, northeastern Iraq, northeastern Syria and northwestern Iran. It arose from a radical youth movement in Turkey and was founded in 1973 by Abdullah Öcalan. Operated informally until 1978 when it proclaimed itself a revolutionary communist movement following a Marxist-Leninist doctrine, though since then it has abandoned much of its leftist doctrine. In 2002, the party renamed itself to KADEK, and then in 2004 to Kongra-Gel. Finally in 2005 the party reverted back to its original name, PKK. Flag of the PKK File links The following pages link to this file: Kurdistan Workers Party ... Flag of the PKK File links The following pages link to this file: Kurdistan Workers Party ... File links The following pages link to this file: Kurdistan Workers Party Kurdistan Workers Party/Temp Categories: Flag images ... File links The following pages link to this file: Kurdistan Workers Party Kurdistan Workers Party/Temp Categories: Flag images ... File links The following pages link to this file: Kurdistan Workers Party Kurdistan Workers Party/Temp Categories: Flag images ... File links The following pages link to this file: Kurdistan Workers Party Kurdistan Workers Party/Temp Categories: Flag images ... Geographic distribution The Kurdish languages or Kurdish dialects are spoken in the region loosely called Kurdistan including Kurdish populations in parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey. ... Kurdistan is an area in the Middle East, inhabited mainly by the Kurds, covering parts of Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Armenia, and Syria. ... 1973 was a common year starting on Monday. ... Abdullah Öcalan Abdullah Öcalan escorted to Turkey by at least two intelligence agents. ... 1978 was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1978 calendar). ... Communism - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... Vladimir Lenin in 1920 Leninism is a political and economic theory which builds upon Marxism; it is a branch of Marxism (and it has been the dominant branch of Marxism in the world since the 1920s). ... Doctrine, from Latin doctrina, (compare doctor), means a body of teachings or instructions, taught principles or positions, as the body of teachings in a branch of knowledge or belief system. ...

In its campaign for Kurdish independence, the organisation has been accused of atrocities against both Turkish and Kurdish civilians. The party is characterized as a terrorist organisation by Turkey, European Union, the United States, Iran and several other countries. The Turkish Government has also been accused of widespread atrocities in its campaign to suppress the organisation, and has continued to repress efforts by the Kurdish people in Turkey to secure regional autonomy or independence. Autonomy is the condition of something that does not depend on anything else. ...

Activities

PKK's targets consist of:

• Turkish military and police forces.
• Turkish sites at home and abroad.
• Kurdish civilians who would not cooperate with the group or were alleged to collaborate with the Turkish military.
• non-Kurdish civilians.
• Village guards.

Their activities include: Village guards (Turkish: Koruculuk) are paramilitaries set up and funded by the Turkish state in the mid 1980s under the direction of Turgut Özal to act as a local militia against the insurgents of the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK). ...

• Suicide bombs targeting local governors and police installations, and raiding villages and small towns.
• Bombing tourist sites as well as kidnapping Western tourists, who were subsequently released, primarily in Istanbul and at Turkish seaside resorts in an effort to gain publicity and hamper the Turkish tourism industry.
• Protests and demonstrations.
• Conducting attacks on Turkish diplomatic and commercial facilities in dozens of West European cities in 1993 and again in spring 1995.

The Turkish government responded to these actions, by using a more drastic and direct approach against the PKK. According to the Government, from 1984 through November 1997, 26,532 PKK members, 5,185 security force members, and 5,209 civilians lost their lives in the fighting. The damage to infrastructure and the money spent to end the conflict is claimed by the Turkish government to stand at 200 billion ($200,000,000,000) US dollars. Analysts point out that, if such figures are accurate, this sum would be more than enough to complete the GAP Project. This article is about the city. ... The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ... The GAP project is a dam building project in Turkey. ...

Resource gathering

PKK supporters demonstrating after the capture of Abdullah Öcalan in Frankfurt, Germany (16 February 1999)

The organisation raised funds via:^{[1] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers_Party#endnote_PKK2)} Frankfurt PKK protests after the capture of PKK leader This work is copyrighted. ... Frankfurt PKK protests after the capture of PKK leader This work is copyrighted. ... Abdullah Öcalan Abdullah Öcalan escorted to Turkey by at least two intelligence agents. ... Frankfurt am Main [ˈfraŋkfʊrt] is the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth largest city in Germany. ... February 16 is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1999 is a common year starting on Friday of the Common Era, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ...

• Revenues obtained from the special nights organised by branch organisations in Europe.
• Aid campaigns periodically organized by the party.
• Grants and subscriptions.
• Sales of publications.
• Donations to the organisation from Kurds living in European countries.
• Received safehaven and modest aid from Syria, Iraq, and Iran.
• Aid received through intimidation from constructors and merchants running business in the region.
• Extortion. It has been claimed that the PKK extorts money from people who start new businesses, and benefits from bids on government contracts. In order to finance the purchase of more sophisticated weaponry such as the German design SA FIM-92 Stinger missles, of which a number were discovered in mountain depots raided by the security forces. People also allege that in the spring of 1994, the PKK began to tax rich businessmen of Kurdish origin nationwide. Other professions such as doctors, contractors, builders, farmers, and teachers reportedly are not immune to extortion either. The British National Service of Criminal Intelligence - NSIC) reported that in 1993 PKK extorted 2.5 million pounds sterling from immigrants and businesses.
• Revenues obtained from commercial establishments belonging to the organisation.

Its annual budget is estimated to be $86 million USD. A surface-to-air missile (SAM) is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft. ... Two soldiers preparing to fire a shoulder-mounted Stinger missile launcher Light to carry and easy to operate, the FIM-92 Stinger is a passive infrared homing/seek surface-to-air missile, shoulder-fired by a single operator and designed to attack aircraft at a range of up to 15... 1994 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International year of the Family. ... 1993 is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003) Events Media:January January 1 - Czechoslovakia divides. ... For details of notes and coins, see British coinage and British banknotes. ... The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ...

Tactics

The group in operate in high and mountainous rural as well as dense urban areas. While escaping/evading government troops members of the PKK often hide in underground safehouses or caves. Although nothing remotely close to Vietcong tunnel networks nor vegetation cover, the mountains and snow made them virtually invisible, especially during winter. A Viet Cong soldier, heavily guarded, awaits interrogation following capture in the attacks on Saigon during the festive Tet holiday period of 1968. ... In many parts of the world, winter is associated with snow. ...

• Until 1990s PKK to gain support sometimes attacked Kurdish civilians who would not cooperate with the group on a regulary basis or who were informers or collaborators with the Turkish army . Some 3,223 schools, attended by 166,000 students in 22 districts of two provinces, remained shut in 1996 as a result of their destruction by the Turkish army in the burning of kurdish villages thought to shelter PKK supporters. 156 teachers have allegedly been killed by the PKK. According to June 1995 findings of the State Ministry for Human Rights Affairs, 809 villages and 1,612 hamlets have been forcibly evacuated by the Turkish army in 19 provinces. Whereas, the State of Emergency Region Governate announced that 753 villages and 1,535 hamlets were completely evacuated, and 235 villages and 141 hamlets partially evacuated. This activity prompted the government to evacuate some remote villages by force if the villagers did not want to leave their homes. After leaving their homes, the villages were often burned and livestock machine-gunned by the Army to create free-fire zones and to deprive the guerillas of resources, this is sometimes called draining the water in counter-insurgency. The evacuation has caused significant problems in the cities where the evacuees resettled (mostly larger metropolitan cities). The infrastructure had more people than it can handle.
• The organisation members often hid themselves in these villages while escaping a pursuit from government troops by "blending in" with the population.
• Planted Russian and Itallian made Anti-personnel mines.
• Sabotaging the GAP Project. On occasions engineers working on the project were abducted, foreigners were usually released. The completion of this project would destroy more Kurdish villages and human rights organisations and NGO's are actively campaigning against it.
• Abducting/killing doctors, teachers, and other non-military government employees.
• Bombing tourist sites and hotels and kidnapping foreign tourists damaging Turkey's tourism industry.

Collaboration, literally, consists of working together with one or more others. ... Guerrilla (also called a partisan) is a term borrowed from Spanish (from guerra meaning war) used to describe small combat groups. ... Counter-insurgency is the combatting of Insurgency, by the government (or allies) of the territory in which the insurgency takes place. ... The Italian Republic or Italy (Italian: Repubblica Italiana or Italia) is a country in southern Europe. ... A landmine is a type of mine which is placed onto or into the ground and explodes when triggered by a vehicle or person. ... The GAP project is a dam building project in Turkey. ... Human rights are rights which some hold to be inalienable and belonging to all humans. ...

History

PKK supporters demonstrating in London (April 2003)

• In 1973 the Kurdistan Workers Party, PKK, was established by Abdullah Öcalan, later formalised its doctrine in 1978.
• In early 1980s consolidated resources and power base, prior to the military coup in Turkey, the PKK fled Turkey and established training camps in the Bekaa valley, part of ex-Syrian-controlled Lebanon.
• In 1984 the organisation started its armed activities directed towards the Turkish military and Governmental institutes as well as civilian targets throughout Turkey
• From early 1984 to 2 April 2002, the organisation operated under the banner of PKK (Kurdistan Workers Party).
• From 1986 to 1987, Turkish Air Force raided PKK camps in northern Iraq in with the approval of the Iraqi government.
• In 1990s the organisation amended/abandoned its communist secular ideology to better accommodate and accept Islamic beliefs and also abandoned its previous strategy of attacking Kurdish civilians, focusing instead on governmental and tourist targets. The organisation's all-time high of activity was during the Gulf War when Turkey opened its Iraqi border allowing Iraqis and PKK members to flee the Saddam regime. The president of the era, Turgut Özal, is heavily criticised for his decision on this matter.
• Two major operations were launched one at the end of 1992 and other in March 1995, were launched against the PKK, Some 1,912 PKK members died and 132 were captured alive during the ground actions of Operation Steel which was carried out by the Turkish Army in northern Iraq in May 1997. Some 965 PKK members died during the air raids. A total of 113 Turkish officers and soldiers were killed and 325 injured during this operation.
• Beginning in 1993, PKK members launched attacks from Iranian soil.
• Later in 1993, the PKK launched coordinated attacks involving firebombs and vandalism on Turkish diplomatic and commercial offices in six West European countries.
• In 1994, the political party affiliated with the PKK, Democracy Party, was banned to operate as a political institution. Some members, most prominently Leyla Zana, were arrested and charged with treason and membership in the PKK but were released in 2004.
• Early 1990s president Hafez Assad of Syria was to cooperate on the management of water flow from the GAP project. Despite a number of protocols signed for that purpose, reports indicate Assad chose to force Turkey into releasing more water by increasing his support for PKK. During this period the PKK started attacking the infrastructure and personnel of the GAP Project.
• At the end of 1996, in PKK leader Abdullah Öcalan signed a protocol of cooperation with the Revolutionary People's Liberation Party-Front (DHKP-C).
• Over the year 1997, the Turkish Army put out of action 3,302 PKK operatives, among which 484 were captured, 415 surrendered, and 303 arrested, in various operations including those in northern Iraq. During the same period, security forces lost 192 soldiers and 95 others were wounded; in addition, 49 village guards were killed and 14 wounded.

Abdullah Öcalan right after capture.

• In 1999 Turkish authorities captured PKK leader while being transferred by the Greek Embassy in Kenya to the local airport, in a joint operation between the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Turkish National Intelligence Agency (MIT), and Israeli Institute for Intelligence and Special Tasks agency (Mossad). Abdullah Öcalan in Kenya in early 1999 and a Turkish Court subsequently sentenced him to death for treason.
• In August 1999, after his capture Öcalan announced his second peace initiative, ordering members to refrain from violence and requesting dialogue with the government of Turkey on all issues. However, before the ink on his court case dried, multiple riots broke out throughout the world near Turkish diplomatic facilities (UK Riot police at London demo (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/280340.stm) and Kurdish protests turn deadly (http://cbc.ca/cgi-bin/templates/view.cgi?/news/1999/02/17/kurd990217)).
• In 2002 the Turkish goverment ammended certain laws to be more compatible with the European legal system. Most notably abolition of the death penalty, although was not practiced since 1984, spared the life of Abdullah Öcalan.
• From 11 November 2003 to 4 April 2005 the organisation changed name and operated under the banner of KGK (KONGRA-GEL). In 2004 the armed wing of PKK, HPG (People's Forces of Defence) announced that they ended the unilateral truce they had sustained since the time of Öcalan's capture.
• On 2 April 2004 The Council of the European Union (the 15 EU governments) decided to update the European Union list of terrorist organisations to include Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) (aka. KADEK). Later ammended to include KDK (KONGRA-GEL). This also applies to all and any members joining the EU.
• On 2 April 2002 to 11 November 2003, same day as the European Union list of terrorist update, the organisation changed name and operated under the banner of KADEK (Kurdistan Freedom and Democracy Congress)
• Later in 2004 US Treasury has amended its regulations to include all the aliases and off-shoots of PKK in its sanctions list maintained by OFAC (Office of Foreign Assets Control). The list aims at blocking terrorist property. The organisations currently listed under the PKK aliases item include KADEK (Congress for Freedom and Democracy in Kurdistan), KONGRA-GEL, HSK, KHK and PKK. The organisation also is on the U.S. State Department list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations.
• On 4 April 2005: Organisation changed name and still operating under the banner of PKK (Kurdistan Workers Party)

Download high resolution version (1598x532, 263 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (1598x532, 263 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... London is the capital city of the United Kingdom and of England. ... 2003 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1973 was a common year starting on Monday. ... Abdullah Öcalan Abdullah Öcalan escorted to Turkey by at least two intelligence agents. ... 1978 was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1978 calendar). ... 1980 is a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... ... 1984 is a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1984 is a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... April 2 is the 92nd day of the year (93rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 273 days remaining. ... 2002 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1986 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1987 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Branch of Turkish Military, Turkish Air Force, aside from US Air Force, has the highest number of F-16 aircraft in the world. ... Events and trends Technology The World Wide Web was born at CERN Explosive growth of the Internet; decrease in the cost of computers and other technology Reduction in size and cost of mobile phones leads to a massive surge in their popularity Year 2000 problem (commonly known as Y2K) Microsoft... C Company, 1st Battalion, The Staffordshire Regiment, 1st UK Armoured Division The Persian Gulf War was a conflict between Iraq and a coalition force of 34 nations mandated by the United Nations and led by the United States. ... Turgut Özal was a Turkish political leader, Prime minister and 8th president of Turkey. ... 1992 is a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1995 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Branch of Turkish Military, at a short notice, Turkish Army can deploy 90. ... 1997 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Reef. ... 1993 is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003) Events Media:January January 1 - Czechoslovakia divides. ... 1993 is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003) Events Media:January January 1 - Czechoslovakia divides. ... 1994 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International year of the Family. ... Leyla Zana is a female Kurdish human-rights activist in Turkey, who was imprisoned for speaking Kurdish in the Turkish parliament. ... 2004 is a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1990 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Hafez al-Assad (October 6, 1930 - June 10, 2000) was the President of Syria from 1971 to 2000. ... The GAP project is a dam building project in Turkey. ... The GAP project is a dam building project in Turkey. ... 1996 is a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... DHKP/C (Devrimci Halkŗn Kurtuluşu Partisi/Cephesi) (Revolutionary Peoples Liberation Party/Front) was originally formed in 1978 as Devrimci Sol(Dev Sol) (Revolutionary Right), a splinter faction of Dev Genç (Revolutionary Youth). ... 1997 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Reef. ... Branch of Turkish Military, at a short notice, Turkish Army can deploy 90. ... Village guards (Turkish: Koruculuk) are paramilitaries set up and funded by the Turkish state in the mid 1980s under the direction of Turgut Özal to act as a local militia against the insurgents of the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK). ... Ocalan After capture This work is copyrighted. ... Ocalan After capture This work is copyrighted. ... Abdullah Öcalan Abdullah Öcalan escorted to Turkey by at least two intelligence agents. ... 1999 is a common year starting on Friday of the Common Era, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... A diplomatic mission is a group of people from one nation state present in another nation state to represent the sending state in the receiving State. ... US,Us or us may stand for the United States of America us, the oblique case form of the English language pronoun we. ... CIA, see CIA (disambiguation). ... MİT is the intelligence organization of Turkey. ... Ha-Mossad le-Modiin ule-Tafkidim Meyuhadim (Hebrew: המוסד למודיעין ולתפקידים מיוחדים, Institute for Intelligence and Special Tasks) is an Israeli intelligence agency, commonly referred to as Mossad. ... Abdullah Öcalan Abdullah Öcalan escorted to Turkey by at least two intelligence agents. ... 1999 is a common year starting on Friday of the Common Era, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... 1999 is a common year starting on Friday of the Common Era, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... 2002 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Wikiquote has quotations relating to: European Union The European Union On-Line Official EU website, europa. ... 1984 is a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Abdullah Öcalan Abdullah Öcalan escorted to Turkey by at least two intelligence agents. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... 2003 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... April 4 is the 94th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (95th in leap years). ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2004 is a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... April 2 is the 92nd day of the year (93rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 273 days remaining. ... 2004 is a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Council of the European Union forms, along with the European Parliament, the legislative arm of the European Union (EU). ... Terrorism is a controversial term with multiple definitions. ... April 2 is the 92nd day of the year (93rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 273 days remaining. ... 2002 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... 2003 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Terrorism is a controversial term with multiple definitions. ... 2004 is a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The United States Department of the Treasury is a Cabinet department, a treasury, of the United States government established by an Act of U.S. Congress in 1789 to manage the revenue of the United States government. ... The Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) of the United States Department of the Treasury administers and enforces economic and trade sanctions based on US foreign policy and national security goals against targeted foreign countries, terrorists, unapproved international narcotics traffickers, and those engaged in activities related to the unapproved proliferation... Foreign Terrorist Organizations are foreign organizations that are designated as terrorist by the United States Secretary of State in accordance with section 219 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), as amended. ... April 4 is the 94th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (95th in leap years). ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The PKK now

With the end of its unilateral cease-fire in August 2004 (the cease-fire had lasted for five years), on the claims that Ankara's reforms are "cosmetic", PKK leaders seem to favour a return to armed guerilla warfare. A great increase in PKK attacks on Turkish military, police and governmental targets in the last weeks seem to further prove this fact. The PKK claims it is only acting in self-defense and protection for the Kurds. 2004 is a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Meanwhile, the official leader of the PKK, Abdullah Öcalan, has recently released the Declaration of Democratic Confederalism in Kurdistan [2] (http://www.kurdishmedia.com/reports.asp?id=2552).

Since his arrest in 1999, Öcalan had been campaigning for a peaceful solution to the Kurdish conflict inside the borders of Turkey, and in this document he asks for a border free confederation between the Kurdish pieces of Turkey (called North Kurdistan by Kurdish nationalists), Syria (West Kurdistan), Iraq (South Kurdistan) and Iran (East Kurdistan). In this zone, three bodies of law would be implemented: EU law, Turkish/Syrian/Iraqi/Iranian law and Kurdish law.

Öcalan is to be retried on order of the European Courts of Human Rights, and he has declared his will to use this trial for a "peaceful resolution of the kurdish issue". It is not yet known whether Turkey will comply with the ECHR decision.

Abdullah Öcalan

PKK leader Abdullah öcalan This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... PKK leader Abdullah öcalan This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...

Abdullah Öcalan

Abdullah Öcalan (b. 1948) is the leader of the Kurdistan Workers Party and was captured in Kenya in early 1999 in a joint operation between the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Turkish National Intelligence Agency (MIT), and Israeli Institute for Intelligence and Special Tasks agency (Mossad). 1948 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1999 is a common year starting on Friday of the Common Era, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... US,Us or us may stand for the United States of America us, the oblique case form of the English language pronoun we. ... CIA, see CIA (disambiguation). ... MİT is the intelligence organization of Turkey. ... Ha-Mossad le-Modiin ule-Tafkidim Meyuhadim (Hebrew: המוסד למודיעין ולתפקידים מיוחדים, Institute for Intelligence and Special Tasks) is an Israeli intelligence agency, commonly referred to as Mossad. ...

See also

• Kurdistan
• Peshmerga

Kurdistan is an area in the Middle East, inhabited mainly by the Kurds, covering parts of Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Armenia, and Syria. ... Peshmerga is the term used by Kurds to refer to freedom fighters. ...

Sources

• ^  Section based on the article by Nur Bilge Criss, 'The Nature of PKK Terrorism in Turkey', Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 8 (1995) pp. 17-37
• ^  Section based on material published by the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs unless specified otherwise.

External links

Websites supporting the PKK

• Freedom for Abdullah Öcalan - Peace in Kurdistan (www.freedom-for-ocalan.com) (http://www.freedom-for-ocalan.com/)
• PKK - Kurdistan Worker's Party (Official PKK site) (www.pkk.org) (http://www.pkk.org/)
• Kurdistan People's Congress (www.kongra-gel.com) (http://www.kongra-gel.com/)
• American Kurdish Information Network (AKIN) (www.kurdistan.org) - The PKK: Freedom Fighters or Terrorists? (http://www.kurdistan.org/Articles/ismet.html)

Kurdish issue in Turkey

• Amnesty International - facts  (http://www.amnesty.org.uk/news/press/16060.shtml)
• Turkish Web journal - facts  (http://www.bianet.org/2004/12/01_eng/news50246.htm)
• German Newspaper - facts  (http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,1564,1484632,00.html)
• Kurdish Media - opinion and facts  (http://www.kurdmedia.com/printarticles.asp?id=889)
• Cemil Bayik interview from 1996 - opinion  (http://www.etext.org/Politics/Arm.The.Spirit/Kurdistan/PKK.ERNK.ARGK/argk-interview-summer-1996.txt)

PKK - Kurdish issue links

• Hezen Parastina Gel - The People's Defence Force (http://tr.hpg-online.com/HPG)
• Abdullah Öcalan's Declaration of Democratic Confederalism (http://www.kurdishmedia.com/reports.asp?id=2552)
• PKK goes back to old name (http://www.kurdmedia.com/news.asp?id=6535)

Websites with criticism of the PKK

Govermental:

• US Department of State (www.state.gov) - General Info (http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/pgtrpt/2000/index.cfm?docid=2450)
• United States Department of the Tresury (www.treas.gov) - Office of Foreign Assets Control (http://www.treas.gov/offices/enforcement/ofac/actions/20040112.shtml)
• Foreign & Commonwealth Office Home (www.fco.gov.uk) - Kurdistan Workers' Party (Partiya Karkeren Kurdistan) (PKK) (http://www.fco.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1049909002566)
• www.teror.gen.tr - KADEK/PKK profile, structure, and relations (http://www.teror.gen.tr/english/organisations/pkk.html)

Non-govermental:

• ICT - Terrorism & Counter-Terrorism (www.ict.org.il) - List of abduction of foreigners by the PKK (http://www.ict.org.il/articles/abductions.htm)
• ICT - Terrorism & Counter-Terrorism (www.ict.org.il) - Attack Histogram (http://www.ict.org.il/inter_ter/orgattack.cfm?orgid=20), from Apr 1, 1988 to Jul 24, 1999
• Terrorism: Questions & Answers (cfrterrorism.org) - Kurdistan Workers’ Party: Turkey, separatists (http://cfrterrorism.org/groups/kurdistan.html)
• Assembly of Turkish American Associations (www.ataa.org) - A Case Study of the PKK in Turkey (http://www.ataa.org/ataa/ref/pkk/articles/casestudy.html), by Foundation for Middle East and Balkan Studies
• Assembly of Turkish American Associations (www.ataa.org) - Kurds (http://www.ataa.org/ataa/ref/pkk/news/monolith.html), by Goltz - Politics and Comment - Los Angeles Times February 28, 1999
• Federation of American Scientists (www.fas.org) - Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) (http://www.fas.org/irp/world/para/pkk.htm)
• Terrorism101.org: Learn About Terrorism (www.terrorism101.org) - Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) (http://www.terrorism101.org/organizations/Kurdistan_Workers_Party.html)
• MIPT Terrorism Knowlege base (www.tkb.org) - Kurdistan Workers' Party (http://www.tkb.org/Group.jsp?groupID=63)
• Global Security (www.globalsecurity.org) - Kongra-Gel/Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) (http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/pkk.htm)
• Turkey: "Still Critical": Summary (http://www.hrw.org/reports/2005/turkey0305/1.htm) - Human Rights Watch (www.hrw.org)
• Avoiding Past Patterns of Violation (http://hrw.org/backgrounder/eca/turkey/turkey_violations.htm) - Human Rights Watch (www.hrw.org)
• Univ. of Utah, Econ Archive (archives.econ.utah.edu) - In Kurdish Turkey, a New Enemy (http://archives.econ.utah.edu/archives/pen-l/2002w44/msg00121.htm), by Karl Vick of the Washington Post Foreign Service
• No security without human rights (http://www.amnesty.org/ailib/intcam/turkey/turktoc.htm) - Amnesty International (www.amnesty.org)