NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Kurt Schuschnigg

Kurt Alois Josef Johann Schuschnigg (December 14, 1897 Riva del Garda - November 18, 1977 Mutters, near Innsbruck) was an Austrian politician who in 1934 succeeded the assassinated Engelbert Dollfuss as chancellor of Austria. In 1938, he was imprisoned by Nazi Germany in the Anschluss. Image File history File links Schuschnigg. ... Image File history File links Schuschnigg. ... December 14 is the 348th day of the year (349th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Template:Comuni del Trentino-Alto Adige stub Template:Wikificare Template:Wikificare {{Comune}} View of the Garda Lake from Riva Riva del Garda is a town of 14. ... November 18 is the 322nd day of the year (323rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ... Innsbruck is a city in western Austria, and the capital of the federal state of Tyrol. ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box: A politician is an individual who is a formally recognized and active member of a government, or a person who influences the way a society is governed through an understanding of political power and group dynamics. ... 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Engelbert Dollfuss. ... The Chancellor of Austria (in German: Bundeskanzler) is the head of government in Austria. ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... German troops march into Austria on 12 March 1938. ...

Biography

Name

He came from a Tyrolean family of Slovenian descent. The family name was originally transcribed from Slovenian Šušnik. One of his ancestors was invested with a hereditary title similar to a Baronet in 1898, so he became Kurt Alois Josef Johann Edler von Schuschnigg. In 1919, after the downfall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, nobility was abolished by law in the Republic of Austria , and it was no longer permitted to bear the titles, so he became Kurt Alois Josef Johann Schuschnigg, known always as Kurt Schuschnigg.

Early life

He was born in Riva del Garda (current province of Trento, Italy, then part of Austria-Hungary), and fought in the Austro-Hungarian Army during the First World War. After the war Schuschnigg became a lawyer in Innsbruck. Template:Comuni del Trentino-Alto Adige stub Template:Wikificare Template:Wikificare {{Comune}} View of the Garda Lake from Riva Riva del Garda is a town of 14. ... Trento (Italian: Provincia autonoma di Trento, German: Autonome Provinz Trient) is an autonomous province in the autonomous Trentino-South Tyrol region of Italy. ... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... The Austro-Hungarian Army was the ground force of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. ... Combatants Allied Powers: Russian Empire France British Empire Italy United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary German Empire Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Commanders Nikolay II Aleksey Brusilov Georges Clemenceau Joseph Joffre Ferdinand Foch Robert Nivelle Herbert H. Asquith D. Lloyd George Sir Douglas Haig Sir John Jellicoe Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna... English barrister 16th century painting of a civil law notary, by Flemish painter Quentin Massys. ... Innsbruck is a city in western Austria, and the capital of the federal state of Tyrol. ...

Political career

He joined the Christian Social Party and was elected to the Nationalrat in 1927. As he did not trust the Heimwehr, he founded the Ostmärkische Sturmscharen in 1930. In 1932 Dollfuss appointed Schuschnigg as his minister of justice, then in 1933 Schuschnigg became Austria's minister of education. When Dollfuss was assassinated in 1934, Schuschnigg became Austria's new federal chancellor. In the age of 36, he has been the youngest person in this position. He disbanded the Heimwehr, a national paramilitary defence force, in October, 1936. The Christian Social Party (CS) was an Austrian political party from 1893 to 1933 and a predecessor of the contemporary Austrian Peoples Party. ... The National Council or Nationalrat is one of the two houses of the Federal Assembly, the bicameral federal parliament of the Federal Republic of Austria. ... 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar). ... The Heimwehr (German Home Guard) were a Nationalist, initially paramilitary grouping, operating within Austria during the 1920s and 1930s; they were similar in methods, organisation, and ideology to Germanys Freikorp. ... OstmÃ¤rkische Sturmscharen was a political paramilitary force founded on December 7, 1930 in Innsbruck, Austria, recruited from the Katholische Jugend (Catholic Youth), later from journeymen and teacher organisations, forming an opposition to the Heimwehr. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link is to a full 1930 calendar). ... Year 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will take you to a full 1932 calendar). ... 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... It has been suggested that Extrajudicial Executions and Assasinations be merged into this article or section. ... 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... A paramilitary organization is a group of civilians trained and organized in a military fashion. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

The Anschluss

In February 1938 at Berchtesgaden, Adolf Hitler forced Schuschnigg to take the Austrian Nazi leader Arthur Seyss-Inquart into his cabinet. On Sunday, February 20, Hitler gave a speech to the German Reichstag in which he warned that Germany would know how to protect the ten million Germans living on its borders - seven million in Austria and three million in Czechoslovakia. Four days later, Schuschnigg answered Hitler's Reichstag speech with a speech of his own in the Austrian Bundestag. Schuschnigg declared that Austria had reached the limit of concessions "where we must call a halt and say: This far and no further." Berchtesgaden is a town in the German Bavarian Alps. ... Hitler redirects here. ... Arthur Seyss-Inquart Arthur Seyss-Inquart (born Arthur Zajtich, officially (German) Arthur SeyÃŸ-Inquart) (July 22, 1892 â€“ October 16, 1946) was a prominent Nazi official in Austria and for wartime Germany in Poland and the Netherlands. ... February 20 is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Schuschnigg attempted to regain control of the situation by arranging for a plebiscite to be held on 13 March. However, this move was undermined when the Wehrmacht invaded two days before the plebiscite was due to take place. Schuschnigg resigned, was imprisoned by the Nazis, and only freed by American troops in 1945. After his arrest Schuschnigg was incarcerated in a tiny room for seventeen months while the S.S. tormented him with all sort of both mental and physical device. After losing 85 pounds, he spent the remainder of the war in two different concentrations camps, Dachau and Sachsenhausen, all accounted for in his book Austrian Requiem. A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. ... March 13 is the 72nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (73rd in leap years). ... Image:Wehrmacht 20 April 1939 Birthday Parade. ... 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday. ... The main entrance just after the liberation Two ovens inside the Dachau crematorium Dachau was a Nazi German concentration camp located on the grounds of an abandoned munitions factory near the medieval town of Dachau, about 10 miles northwest of Munich in southern Germany. ... Entry to the camp Sachsenhausen was a concentration camp in Germany, operating between 1936 and April 1945. ...

Later career

After World War II, Schuschnigg emigrated to the United States, where he worked as a professor of political science at Saint Louis University from 1948 to 1967. Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... The meaning of the word professor (Latin: one who claims publicly to be an expert) varies. ... Political science is the field of the social sciences concerning the theory and practice of politics and the description and analysis of political systems and political behavior. ... Saint Louis University is a private, co-educational Catholic Jesuit university in the United States located in St. ... 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ...

Works

Further reading

Categories: 1897 births | 1977 deaths | People from Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol | Austrian politicians | Austrian nobility | Fascists | Chancellors of Austria | Foreign ministers of Austria | German-speaking Italians | Austrian Roman Catholics Engelbert Dollfuss. ... The Federal Chancellor of Austria (Bundeskanzler) is the head of government in Austria. ... Arthur Seyss-Inquart Arthur Seyss-Inquart (born Arthur Zajtich, officially (German) Arthur SeyÃŸ-Inquart) (July 22, 1892 â€“ October 16, 1946) was a prominent Nazi official in Austria and for wartime Germany in Poland and the Netherlands. ... The Chancellor of Austria (in German: Bundeskanzler) is the head of government in Austria. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Austria. ... In Austrian history, the First Republic refers to the period after World War I, following the breakdown of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, up to World War II. This period was marked by violent strife between the left and the right, e. ... 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Arthur Seyss-Inquart Arthur Seyss-Inquart (born Arthur Zajtich, officially (German) Arthur SeyÃŸ-Inquart) (July 22, 1892 â€“ October 16, 1946) was a prominent Nazi official in Austria and for wartime Germany in Poland and the Netherlands. ... The Second Austrian Republic was founded in 1945 with the re-establishment of Austrian independence in the aftermath of World War II. The First Republic is considered to have come to an end either in 1938, with Germanys annexation of the country (the Anschluss), or with the establishment of... Karl Renner Monument to Karl Renner next to the Austrian Parliament, RingstraÃŸe, Vienna, Austria Karl Renner (December 14, 1870 - December 31, 1950) was an Austrian politician. ... Leopold Figl (October 2, 1902 in Rust, Lower Austria, - May 9, 1965 in Vienna) was an Austrian politician of the Ã–VP (Christian Democrats). ... Julius Raab (November 29, 1891 - January 8, 1964) was a Conservative Austrian politician. ... 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