Kurultai (Tatar: Qorıltay, Azerbaijani: Qurultay; Kurulmak meaning "to assemble" in Turkish, also Khural meaning "meeting" in Mongolian) is a political and military council of ancient Mongol and Turkic chiefs and khans. Honorary guard of Mongolia. ... This is the disambiguation page for the terms Turk, Turkey, Turkic, and Turkish. ... Khan (sometimes spelled as Xan, Han, Ke-Han) is a title. ...

In the Mongol Empire

All Great Khans of the Mongol Empire, for example Genghis Khan and Ogedei Khan, were formally elected in a Kurultai; khans of subordinate Mongol states, such as the Golden Horde, were elected by a similar regional Kurultai. After the new khan has been elected, an elaborate enthronement procedure followed. Johann Schiltberger, a 15th-century German traveler, described the installation of a new Golden Horde khan as follows(^[1], quoted in ^[2]): Expansion of the Mongol Empire Another picture of Mongol Empire The Mongol Empire (Mongolian: Их Монгол Улс, literally meaning Greater Mongol Nation; 1206–1405) was the largest contiguous land empire in history, covering over 33 million km² [1] (12 million square miles) at its peak, with an estimated population of over 100 million... For other uses, see Genghis Khan (disambiguation). ... Ögedei, (also Ögädäi, Ögedäi, etc. ... The four successor Khanates of the Mongol Empire: Empire of the Great Khan (Yuan Dynasty), Golden Horde, Il-Khanate and Chagatai Khanate The Golden Horde (Mongolian: Altan Ordyn Uls; Turkish: ; Tatar: ; Russian: ) was a Mongol[1][2][3][4] — later Turkicized[3] — khanate established in parts of present-day Russia... Johann (or Hans) Schiltberger (May 9?, 1381 - 1440?), German traveller and writer, was born of a noble family, probably at Hollern near Lohof, half way between Munich and Freising, on what was then a property of his family. ...

The ritual of carrying the new khan on the felt was known in a Turkic language as khan kutermiak (cognate to Turkish verb gütürmek). The Turkic languages are a group of closely related languages that are spoken by a variety of people distributed across a vast area from Eastern Europe to Siberia and Western China. ...

Russian princes and boyars, who often had to wait in Sarai for the Kurultay to elect a new khan, who would then re-issue their yarlyks (patents), would no doubt often witness this khan kutermiak rituals, which became increasingly more frequent and futile during the mid-14th century time of troubles in the Horde, giving rise to the Russian word "кутерьма" (kuter'ma), meaning "running around pointlessly".^[2] A boyar (also spelled bojar) or bolyarin was a member of the highest rank of the feudal Russian, Romanian and Bulgarian aristocracy, second only to the ruling princes, from the tenth through the seventeenth century. ... Sarai Batu (Old Sarai, Sarai-al-Maqrus) was a capital city of the Golden Horde. ... The four successor Khanates of the Mongol Empire: Empire of the Great Khan (Yuan Dynasty), Golden Horde, Il-Khanate and Chagatai Khanate The Golden Horde (Mongolian: Altan Ordyn Uls; Turkish: ; Tatar: ; Russian: ) was a Mongol[1][2][3][4] — later Turkicized[3] — khanate established in parts of present-day Russia...

Khuriltai were imperial and tribal assemblies convened to determine, strategize and analyze military campaigns and assign individuals to leadership positions and titles. One such example is Genghis Khan was declared Khan in 1206 Kuriltai. Most of the major military campaigns were first planned out at assemblies such as this and there were minor and less significant Kurultais under the Mongol Empire under political subordinate leaders and generals. For other uses, see Genghis Khan (disambiguation). ... Khan (sometimes spelled as Xan, Han, Ke-Han) is a title. ... Events Temujin is proclaimed Genghis Khan of the Mongol people, founding the Mongol Empire Qutb ud-Din proclaims the Mameluk dynasty in India, the first dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. ...

The Kuriltai, however, required the presence of the senior members of the tribes participating, who were also in charge militarily. Thus, the deaths of Ögedei and Möngke in 1241 and 1259, respectively, necessitated the withdrawal of Mongol leaders (and troops) from the outskirts of Vienna and Venice(in 1241) and from Syria (in 1259), hamstringing military operations against the Austrians and Mamluks that might otherwise have continued. Ögedei Khan, (Mongolian: , Ögöödei; Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; also Ogotai or Oktay; ca. ... Möngke Khan (1208-1259, also transliterated as Mongke, Mongka, Möngka, Mangu) was the fourth khan of the Mongol Empire. ... “Wien” redirects here. ... Venice (Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venezsia, Latin: Venetia) is a city in northern Italy, the capital of region Veneto, and has a population of 271,251 (census estimate January 1, 2004). ... A Mamluk cavalryman, drawn in 1810 A mamluk (Arabic: مملوك (singular), مماليك (plural), owned; also transliterated mameluk, mameluke, or mamluke) was a slave soldier who was converted to Islam and served the Muslim caliphs and the Ayyubid sultans during the Middle Ages. ...

Modern usage

Various modern Turkic peoples use it in political or administrative sense, as a synonym for parliament, congress, conference, council, assembly, convention, gathering. Examples are: "World Qoroltay of Bashkirs", "Fourth Qurultay of Crimean Tatars", "National Kurultai of Kyrgyzstan". "Mongolian State Great Khural", "Buryatian People's Khural". parliament This article is about the various peoples speaking one of the Turkic languages. ... A parliament is a legislature, especially in those countries whose system of government is based on the Westminster system modelled after that of the United Kingdom. ... Look up Congress in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The term conference can be used to describe any meeting of people that confer about a certain topic. ... Local governments are administrative offices that are smaller than a state or province. ... A deliberative assembly is an organization, comprised of members, that uses a parliamentary procedure for making decisions. ... Metro Toronto Convention Centre, late 2004. ... A gathering is a group of people or things. ... The Bashkirs, a Turkic people, live in Russia, mostly in the republic of Bashkortostan. ... The Crimean Tatars (sg. ... A parliament is a legislature, especially in those countries whose system of government is based on the Westminster system modelled after that of the United Kingdom. ...

Also spelled as: kurultay, qurultay, kuriltai, qoriltay.

See also

• Mongols
• Genghis Khan
• Mongol Empire
• Thing
• Witenagemot
• Loya Jirga
• Veche

The name Mongols (Mongolian: Mongol) specifies one or several ethnic groups. ... For other uses, see Genghis Khan (disambiguation). ... Expansion of the Mongol Empire Another picture of Mongol Empire The Mongol Empire (Mongolian: Их Монгол Улс, literally meaning Greater Mongol Nation; 1206–1405) was the largest contiguous land empire in history, covering over 33 million km² [1] (12 million square miles) at its peak, with an estimated population of over 100 million... A thing or ting (Old Norse and Icelandic: þing; other modern Scandinavian: ting) was the governing assembly in Germanic societies, made up of the free men of the community and presided by lawspeakers. ... Biblical pharaoh depicted as an Anglo-Saxon king with his witan (11th century) The Witenagemot (also called the Witan, more properly the title of its members) was a political institution in Anglo-Saxon England which operated between approximately the 7th century and 11th century. ... Loya Jirga (June 13, 2002) Loya jirga, occasionally loya jirgah, is a large meeting held in Afghanistan, originally attended by Pashtun groups but later including other ethnic groups. ... Removal of the veche bell from Novgorod to Moscow in 1478. ...

Footnotes

1. ^ Commander J. Buchan Telfer, "The Bondage and Travels of Johann Schiltberger". (London, Hakluyt Society, 1879)
2. ^ ^{a b} George Vernadsky, "The Mongols and Russia". (Yale University Press, 1953)

The Hakluyt Society is a society named after Richard Hakluyt. ... A History of Russia by George Verdansky George Vernadsky (1887-1973) (Russian: Георгий Вернадский) an American historian and an author of numerous books on Russian history. ...

External links

• Qurultay of the Crimean Tatar people