NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Kwantung Leased Territory

The Kwantung Leased Territory (Chinese: 关东州, Guandongzhou, Japanese: 関東州; Kantoushu) was a composite territory in historic Eastern Manchuria that existed in the first half of the 20th century, from 1898 through 1945. Kwantung originally meant "east of Shanhaiguan", a reference to part of the city of Qinhuangdao (in todays Hebei province of the People's Republic of China), wherein lies the eastern end of the Great Wall of China. It literally means "The Pass of Mountain and Sea"., i.e. northeastern China equals Kwantung. Extent according to Definition 1 (dark red), Definition 3 (dark red + medium red) and Definition 4 (dark red + medium red + light red) Manchuria (Manchu: Manju, Simplified Chinese: æ»¡æ´²; Traditional Chinese: æ»¿æ´²; pinyin: ) and Northeast China (Simplified Chinese: ä¸œåŒ—; Traditional Chinese: æ±åŒ—; pinyin: ; literally east-north) are names of a vast region in Northeast Asia. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... 1898 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... First Gate Under Heaven, under repairs in 2003. ... Categories: China geography stubs | Cities in China ... Not to be confused with the unrelated province of Hubei Hebei (Chinese: 河北; pinyin: Hébĕi; Wade-Giles: Ho-pei; Postal System Pinyin: Hopeh), is a northern province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Great Wall of China (Traditional Chinese: é•·åŸŽ; Simplified Chinese: é•¿åŸŽ; pinyin: ), also known in China as the Great Wall of 10,000 LiÂ¹ (Traditional Chinese: è¬é‡Œé•·åŸŽ; Simplified Chinese: ä¸‡é‡Œé•¿åŸŽ; pinyin: ), is an ancient Chinese fortification built from the end of the 15th century until the beginning of the 16th century, during the Ming...

After the First Sino-Japanese War (1894—1895), the Russian Empire, taking advantage of a weakened China, unilaterally took territory for a railway and associated rights in Manchuria. Russia eventually agreed to sign a face saving lease for the Liaodong Peninsula, parts of Jilin along the frontier with Korea, and additional parts of Heilongjiang from the Qing Empire in 1898 rather than annex the territory. These territories are those affected in the railway corridor between Port Arthur and Harbin. Another earlier lease involed the rights for the main Manchurian Railway, running from Vladivostok via Harbin to Chita in Siberia. The Russians built up Lüshun, renamed as the British called it, Port Arthur, a former Chinese Naval Base, (now part of the P.R.C's Dalian 'district of Lüshunkou') and founded Dalny (Darien when Japanese) which is modern Dalian. The 550 mile Southern spurline of Manchurian Railway was constructed from both ends at Port Arthur and Harbin starting work in 1895 shorty after the Triple Intervention, and well before the Kwantung lease was signed in 1895. Russia waivered between annexing the territory or leasing it, but signed the lease after the Germans leased parts of Shandong also in 1898. Japan and Qing China fought the First Sino-Japanese War (or the Qing-Japanese War or Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895)), primarily over control of Korea. ... 1894 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1895 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of Russian history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposal of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start... Extent according to Definition 1 (dark red), Definition 3 (dark red + medium red) and Definition 4 (dark red + medium red + light red) Manchuria (Manchu: Manju, Simplified Chinese: æ»¡æ´²; Traditional Chinese: æ»¿æ´²; pinyin: ) and Northeast China (Simplified Chinese: ä¸œåŒ—; Traditional Chinese: æ±åŒ—; pinyin: ; literally east-north) are names of a vast region in Northeast Asia. ... The Liaodong Peninsula (sim. ... Jilin (Chinese: 吉林; pinyin: Jílín; Wade-Giles: Chi-lin; Postal System Pinyin: Kirin), is a province of the Peoples Republic of China located in the northeastern part of the country. ... For other places called Korea, see: Korea (disambiguation) Korea (í•œêµ/éŸ“åœ‹, ì¡°ì„ /æœé®®) is a formerly unified country, situated on the Korean Peninsula in northern East Asia, bordering on China to the northwest and Russia to the north. ... Heilongjiang (Simplified Chinese: 黑龙江省; Traditional Chinese: 黑龍江省; pinyin: Hēilóngjiāng; Postal System Pinyin: Heilungkiang) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China located in the northeastern part of the country. ... The Qing Dynasty (Manchu: daicing gurun; Chinese: 清朝; pinyin: qīng cháo; Wade-Giles: ching chao), sometimes known as the Manchu Dynasty, was founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro, in what is today northeast China expanded into China proper and the surrounding territories of Inner Asia, establishing the... The Manchurian Railway was a single tracked line extending (and shortening) the famous worlds longest railroad, the Trans-Siberian Railway from the Siberian city of Chita via Harbin across northern inner Manchuria to the Russian port of Vladivostok. ... Chita may refer to one of the following. ... Siberia Siberia (Russian: , common English transliterations: Sibirâ€™, Sibir; from the Tatar for â€œsleeping landâ€) is a vast region of Russia and northern Kazakhstan constituting almost all of northern Asia. ... Location within China LÃ¼shun city or LÃ¼shunkou or (literally) LÃ¼shun Port (Simplified Chinese: æ—…é¡ºå£; Traditional Chinese: æ—…é †å£; pinyin: , formerly in historic references both Port Arthur and Ryojun)), is a town in the southernmost administrative district of Dalian of the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Peoples Republic of China (PRC) is a communist state, comprising most of the cultural, historic, and geographic area known as China. ... Dalian (Simplified Chinese: 大连; Traditional Chinese: 大連; pinyin: Dàlián; Wade-Giles: Ta-lien), formerly Lüda or Luta, is an ice-free seaport and a sub-provincial city in eastern Liaoning Province of the Northeastern Peoples Republic of China (Manchuria). ... Dalian (Simplified Chinese: å¤§è¿ž; Traditional Chinese: å¤§é€£; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ta-lien), or Dalny (during Russian controled periods, aka Dairen during Japanese periods, or from Mid-centuary (Jointly administered by both USSR/PRC) formerly also LÃ¼da or Luta), is the second of two strategic ice-free seaports on the Liaodong Peninsula. ... The Manchurian Railway was a single tracked line extending (and shortening) the famous worlds longest railroad, the Trans-Siberian Railway from the Siberian city of Chita via Harbin across northern inner Manchuria to the Russian port of Vladivostok. ... 1895 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... After the Treaty of Shimonoseki was signed between Japan and China on April 17, 1895 to conclude the First Sino-Japanese War (1894-95) three European Powers (Russia, Germany and France) intervened on April 23 with so-called friendly advice to Japan to retrocede the Liaotung peninsula including Lushun (Port... 1895 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Shandong (Simplified Chinese: 山东; Traditional Chinese: 山東; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Shan-tung) is a coastal province of eastern Peoples Republic of China. ... 1898 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

Due to the Portsmouth Treaty (1905) resulting from the Russo-Japanese War, Japan replaced Russia, leasing the area as well as the regions adjacent to the 550 mile (885 km) South Manchurian Railway in 1905. These rights and the entire spurline were passed to the corporation known as the South Manchurian Railway . Japan established the Kwantung governor-general to administer the newly leased territory and the Kwantung garrison, reorganized in 1919 under the name of the Kwantung Army, to defend it. A large amount of investment was concentrated in Dalian (now the capital of the territory), wherein the Russians and Japanese concentrated significant industry, as well as creating a first class port in a 'so-so' natural harbor, which they improved greatly. One of the most famous Japanese corporations, the South Manchurian Railway Company, was headquartered in Dalian. Approximately 100,000 Japanese nationals lived in the city in 1930. Treaty signing ceremony The Treaty of Portsmouth was signed on September 5, 1905 at the Portsmouth Naval Base, Portsmouth, New Hampshire, by Sergius Witte and Roman Rosen (for Russia) and Komura Jutaro and Takahira Kogoro (for Japan), ending the Russo-Japanese War. ... 1905 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Greater Manchuria, Russian (outer) Manchuria is region to upper right in lighter Red; Liaodong Peninsula is the wedge extending into the Yellow Sea The Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) was an extremely bloody conflict that grew out of the rival imperialist ambitions of Imperial Russia and Japan in Manchuria and... KM, Km, or km may stand for: Khmer language (ISO 639 alpha-2, km) Kilometre Kinemantra Meditation Knowledge management KM programming language Comoros (ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code) the Michaelis-Menten constant Km, see Michaelis-Menten kinetics Kamenz (district), Germany (license plate indication) Messenia, Greece (license plate indication... The South Manchuria Railway Company (Japanese: 満鉄）; Mantetsu) was a company founded by Japan in 1906, after the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), and operated in Japanese-occupied Manchuria. ... The South Manchuria Railway Company (Japanese: 満鉄）; Mantetsu) was a company founded by Japan in 1906, after the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), and operated in Japanese-occupied Manchuria. ... 1919 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Kwantung Army or Guandong Army (関東軍 Japanese: Kantōgun) was a unit of the Imperial Japanese Army that originated from a Guandong garrison established in 1906 to defend the Kwantung Leased Territory and the areas adjacent to the South Manchurian Railway. ... Seaport, a painting by Claude Lorrain, 1638 A port is a facility at the edge of an ocean, river, or lake for receiving ships and transferring cargo and persons to them. ... A harbor (or harbour) or haven is a place where ships may shelter from the weather or are stored. ... The South Manchuria Railway Company (Japanese: 満鉄）; Mantetsu) was a company founded by Japan in 1906, after the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), and operated in Japanese-occupied Manchuria. ...

After the foundation of the Manchuguo (Puppet state) in 1932, Japan regarded that the sovereignty of the leased territory was transferred from China to Manchuguo. A new lease agreement was contracted between Japan and the puppet government of Manchuguo, and Japan retained the territory apart from the nominally independent Manchuguo until the defeat of the World War II in 1945. Manchukuo was a nominally independent puppet state set up by the Empire of Japan in Manchuria (Northeastern China) which existed from 1931 to 1945. ... A puppet state is a state whose government, though notionally of the same culture as the governed people - owes its existence (or other major debt) to being installed, supported or controlled by a more powerful entity, typically a foreign power. ... World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human suffering, fierce indoctrinations, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons like the atom bomb. ... 1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...