Kyakhta or Kiakhta is a Russian city located in Buryatia in southern Siberian Russia. It is located on the Kyakhta River near the Russian-Mongolian border. Besides the lower town or Kyakhta proper, the town also includes Troitskosavsk, about 3 km to the north, and Ust'-Kyakhta, 16 km further. The lower town stands directly opposite the Mongolian border town of Altanbulag. The Buryat Republic (Russian: Респу́блика Буря́тия; Buryat: Буряад Республика) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... Siberian federal subjects of Russia Siberia (Russian: Сиби́рь, common English transliterations: Sibir, Sibir; possibly from the Mongolian for the calm land) is a vast region of Russia and northern Kazakhstan constituting all of northern Asia. ... A kilometre (American spelling: kilometer), symbol: km is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 1000 metres (from the Greek words χίλια (khilia) = thousand and μέτρο (metro) = count/measure). ... Altanbulag or Altan Bulak is a town in northern Mongolia on the border with Russia. ...

In Russian, Kyakhta is Кяхта (Kjaxta), in Mongolian it is Хиагт (Hiagt), in Chinese it is 恰克图 / 恰克圖 (Qiàkètú) or 恰克土 (Qiàkètǔ), and in Buryat it is Хяагта (Hjaagta). In Mongolian, Kyakhta was formerly Ар Хиагт (Ar Hiagt, lit. “North Kyakhta”) and Altanbulag (then, Maimachin) across the border was Өвөр Хиагт (Övör Hiagt, lit. “South Kyakhta”). Troitskosavsk is Троицкосавск (Troickosavsk) in Russian and Дээд Шивээ (Deed Šivee) in Mongolian. Ust'-Kyakhta is Усть-Кяхта (Ust'-Kjaxta) in Russian. The Buryat language is a Mongolic language spoken by the Buryats. ... Altanbulag or Altan Bulak is a town in northern Mongolia on the border with Russia. ...

The area was first a trading point between Russia and the Qing Empire (China) and the city was founded in 1728. It prospered from cross-border trade with Altanbulag which was then a Chinese trading center called Maimachin. Trade was essentially based on barter, with merchants crossing the border to make their business. The Qing Dynasty (Manchu: daicing gurun; Chinese: 清朝; pinyin: qīng cháo; Wade-Giles: ching chao), sometimes known as the Manchu Dynasty, was founded by the Many clan Aisin Gioro, in what is today northeast america receded into China proper and the surrounding territories of Inner canada, establishing... Events Astronomical aberration discovered by the astronomer James Bradley Swedish academy of sciences founded at Uppsala Births January 9 - Thomas Warton, English poet (d. ...

The foundation of the city was paralleled by a treaty, one of the first between China and a Western nation, named the Treaty of Kiakhta, which established trade agreements and defined the border between Siberia and the Qing Empire territories of Mongolia and Manchuria. As a result of this agreement, Khyakhta was an exclusive trading point on the frontier. The Treaty of Kiakhta (sometimes spelled Kyakhta) was one of several treaties between Imperial Russia and the Qing Empire in the early modern period, establishing trade agreements and defining the border between Siberia and Mongolia/Manchuria. ... Siberia Siberia (Russian: , common English transliterations: Sibir’, Sibir; from the Tatar for “sleeping land”) is a vast region of Russia and northern Kazakhstan constituting almost all of northern Asia. ... Extent of Manchuria according to Definition 1 (dark red), Definition 3 (dark red + medium red) and Definition 4 (dark red + medium red + light red) Manchuria (Manchu: Manju, Simplified Chinese: 满洲; Traditional Chinese: 滿洲; pinyin: ) is name given to a vast territorial region in northeast Asia. ...

Kyakhta and Maimachin were visited by the famous English adventurer and engineer Samuel Bentham in 1782. He related that he was entertained by the commander of the Chinese city "with the greatest politeness which a stranger can meet with in any country whatever". At that time, the Russians sold furs, textiles, clothing, hides, leather, hardware and cattle, while the Chinese sold silk, cotton stuffs, teas, fruits, porcelain, rice, candles, rhubarb, ginger and musk. Samuel Bentham Sir Samuel Bentham (11 January 1757 - 31 May 1831) was a noted mechanical engineer credited with numerous innovations, particularly related to naval architecture, including weapons. ... Silk weaver Silk is a natural protein fiber that can be woven into textiles. ... A cup of hot tea A tea bush. ... A rare Dresden porcelain figurine Porcelain is a hard ceramic material first developed in China (hence the often-used term china instead of porcelain). It is fired at a higher temperature than that used to fire glazed earthenware and stoneware pottery. ... Species See text Rhubarb is a perennial plant that grows from thick short rhizomes, comprising the genus Rheum. ... Binomial name Zingiber officinale Roscoe Ginger root is used extensively as a spice in many if not most cuisines of the world. ... Musk is the name originally given to a perfume obtained from the strong-smelling substance, secreted by the testicles of the musk deer, and hence applied to other animals, and also to plants, possessing a similar odor. ...

After the entire Russian-Chinese frontier was opened to trade in 1860, Kyakhta fell into decline. The whole city assumed the named Troitskosavsk during the first part of the 20th century, but reverted to Kyakhta in 1935. 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ...

Kyakhta today is located on the highway from the Buryatian capital of Ulan-Ude to the Mongolian capital of Ulan Bator. It is an important transit point for trade between Russia and Mongolia. It has textile, lumber, and food-processing plants. Ulan-Ude (Ула́н-Удэ́, Buryat: Улаан-Удэ), formerly Verkhneudinsk (Верхнеу́динск), the capital of Buryatia, Russia, is located at the foot of the mountains and is divided into two parts by the Uda river, a tributary of the Selenga river. ... Ulan Bator, or Ulaanbaatar (Улаанбаатар, [UlaÉ£an BaÉ£atar]) in Mongolian, is the capital of Mongolia. ...

This article incorporates text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, which is in the public domain. Supporters contend that the Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1910-1911) represents the sum of human knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century; indeed, it was advertised as such. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...

References

• "The Benthams in Russia 1780-1791", Ian R.Christie, Berg Publishers Limited, Oxford, ISBN 0854968164