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Kyrgyzstan (pronounced /ˈkɝgɪztæn/ (AmE) or /'kɝgəztan/ (BrE), Kyrgyz: Кыргызстан; Russian: Киргизия, variously transliterated, also Kirgizia or Kirghizia), officially the Kyrgyz Republic, is a country in Central Asia. Landlocked and mountainous, it is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the southwest and China to the east. Image File history File links Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan. ...
Image File history File links National_emblem_of_Kyrgyzstan. ...
Flag ratio: 3:5 The flag of Kyrgyzstan was adopted on March 3, 1992. ...
The coat of arms of Kyrgyzstan displays an eagle, mountains, the sun, and the name of the country in Kyrgyz (Кыргыз РеÑпубликаÑÑ‹, Kyrgyz Respublikasy). ...
For other uses, see Motto (disambiguation). ...
A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognized either by a countrys government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people. ...
The National Anthem of the Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyz: Кыргыз РеÑпубликаÑынын Мамлекеттик Гимни, Russian: ГоÑударÑтвенный гимн КыргызÑкой РеÑпублики) was adopted in 1992, for the new republic in Kyrgyzstan. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Not to be confused with capitol. ...
Population: 5,080,230 (January 2005 est. ...
Bishkek cityscape Bishkek (Бишкек) is the capital of Kyrgyzstan. ...
An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in the countries, states, and other territories. ...
Kyrgyz or Kirghiz (Kyrgyz tili, Кыргыз тили, قىرعىز ٴتىلى) is a Turkic language, and, together with Russian, an official language of Kyrgyzstan. ...
A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a people or the inhabitants of a place. ...
Look up republic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
The President of Kyrgyzstan is the head of state and the highest official of the Kyrgyz Republic. ...
Kurmanbek Saliyevich Bakiyev (Russian: Курманбек Салиевич Бакиев - variously transliterated; born 1 August 1949) is the President of Kyrgyzstan. ...
List of Prime Ministers of Kyrgyzstan Nasirdin Isanov (1991-08-30 - 1991-11-29) Andrei Iordan (1991-11-29 - 1992-02-10) Tursunbek Chyngyshev (1992-02-10 - 1992-02-26), acting Tursunbek Chyngyshev (1992-02-26 - 1993-12-13) Almanbet Matubraimov (1993-12-13 - 1993-12-14), acting Apas Jumagulov...
This is a history of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991. ...
is the 243rd day of the year (244th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ...
is the 359th day of the year (360th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ...
This article is about the physical quantity. ...
To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here surface areas between 100,000 km² and 1,000,000 km². ...
This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ...
A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ...
Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ...
A percentage is a way of expressing a proportion, a ratio or a fraction as a whole number, by using 100 as the denominator. ...
This is a list of countries ordered according to population. ...
Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ...
Population density by country, 2006 List of countries and dependencies by population density in inhabitants/km². The list includes sovereign states and self-governing dependent territories that are recognized by the United Nations. ...
PPP of GDP for the countries of the world (2003). ...
There are three lists of countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP) (the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year). ...
Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head. ...
This article includes two lists of countries of the world[1] sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP) at purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita, the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year divided by the average population for the same year. ...
Graphical representation of the Gini coefficient The Gini coefficient is a measure of inequality of income distribution or inequality of wealth distribution. ...
This page talks about Human Development Index, for other HDIs see HDI (disambiguation) World map indicating Human Development Index (2007). ...
This talks about the countries in the Human Development Index, for information on the Human Development Index, please Click Here World map indicating Human Development Index (2007) (Colour-blind compliant map) For red-green color vision problems. ...
Five Kyrgyzstani Som Note (1997) 100 Kyrgystani Som Notes (2002) The Kyrgyzstani Som (sometimes transliterated Sum or Soum) is the currency of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan in Central Asia. ...
ISO 4217 is the international standard describing three letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ...
Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ...
UTC redirects here. ...
A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is a top-level domain used and reserved for a country or a dependent territory. ...
.kg is the Internet country code top-level domain ( ccTLD) for Kyrgyzstan. ...
This is a list of country calling codes defined by ITU-T recommendation E.164. ...
Kyrgyz or Kirghiz (Kyrgyz tili, Кыргыз тили, قىرعىز ٴتىلى) is a Turkic language, and, together with Russian, an official language of Kyrgyzstan. ...
Transliteration is the practice of transcribing a word or text written in one writing system into another writing system. ...
Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ...
A landlocked country is one that has no coastline. ...
[edit] History -
Historical map of Central Asia // Early History Stone implements found in the Tian Shan mountains indicate the presence of human society in what is now Kyrgyzstan as many as 200,000 to 300,000 years ago. ...
[edit] Early history According to recent historical findings, Kyrgyz history dates back to 201 BC. The early Kyrgyz lived in the upper Yenisey River valley, central Siberia. The discovery of the Pazyryk and Tashtyk cultures show them as a blend of Turkic and Iranian nomadic tribes. Chinese and Muslim sources of the 7th–12th centuries AD describe the Kyrgyz as red-haired, in addition, blond-haired with a fair complexion and green or blue eyes. For the language spoken by this ethnic group, see Kyrgyz language. ...
For the language spoken by this ethnic group, see Kyrgyz language. ...
Енисей Length 5,550 (4,102) km Elevation of the source m Average discharge 19,600 m³/s Area watershed 2,580,000 km² Origin ? Mouth Arctic Ocean Basin countries Russia The Yenisei basin, Lake Baikal, and the cities of Dikson, Dudinka, Turukhansk, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk Yenisei (Енисе́й) is a river...
This article is about Siberia as a whole. ...
Horseman, Pazyryk felt artifact, c. ...
Culture that flourished in the Yenisei valley and elsewhere in central Siberia from the first to the fourth century. ...
The descent of the Kyrgyz from the autochthonous Siberian population is confirmed on the other hand by recent genetic studies.[2] Remarkably, 63% of the modern Kyrgyz men share Haplogroup R1a1 (Y-DNA) with Tajiks (64%), Ukrainians (54%), Poles (56%) and even Icelanders (25%). Haplogroup R1a1 (Y-DNA) is believed to be a marker of the Proto-Indo-European language speakers. For the language spoken by this ethnic group, see Kyrgyz language. ...
Siberian federal subjects of Russia Siberia (Russian: Сиби́рь, common English transliterations: Sibir, Sibir; possibly from the Mongolian for the calm land) is a vast region of Russia and northern Kazakhstan constituting all of northern Asia. ...
Distribution of R1a (purple) and R1b (red), after McDonald (2005). ...
Language(s) Persian (varieties of Dari and Tajiki) Religion(s) Islam (predominantly Sunni, with sizable Ithna Ashari and Ismaili minorities) TÄjÄ«k (Persian: ; UniPers: Tâjik; Tajik: ) is a term generally applied to Persian-speaking peoples of Iranian origin living east of Iran. ...
Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...
Distribution of R1a (purple) and R1b (red), after McDonald (2005). ...
The Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) is the hypothetical common ancestor of the Indo-European languages, spoken by the Proto-Indo-Europeans. ...
The Kyrgyz state reached its greatest expansion after defeating the Uyghur Khanate in 840 A.D. Then Kyrgyz quickly moved as far as the Tian Shan range and maintained their dominance over this territory for about 200 years. In the 12th century, however, the Kyrgyz domination had shrunk to the Altay Range and the Sayan Mountains as a result of the rising Mongol expansion. With the rise of the Mongol Empire in the 13th century, the Kyrgyz migrated south. For the language spoken by this ethnic group, see Kyrgyz language. ...
For the language spoken by this ethnic group, see Uyghur language. ...
For the language spoken by this ethnic group, see Kyrgyz language. ...
The Tian Shan (Chinese: 天山; Pinyin: Tiān Shān; celestial mountains) mountain range is located in Central Asia, in the border region of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region of western China. ...
For the language spoken by this ethnic group, see Kyrgyz language. ...
Altay or Altai may refer to: Altay, Xinjiang, also spelled Aletai, a city in Xinjiang, China Altay, Govi-Altay, a city in Govi-Altay Province, Mongolia Altay Mountains Altay language Altay (sheep), a sheep breed Altai Republic, a federal subject of Russia Altai Krai, a federal subject of Russia This...
Lake Gornyh Duhov Western Sayan, Ergaki mountains The Sayan Mountains (Russian: , Sayany) are a mountain range in southern Siberia, Asia. ...
Honorary guard of Mongolia. ...
Expansion of the Mongol Empire Historical map of the Mongol Empire The Mongol Empire, also known as the Mongolian Empire (Mongolian: , Mongolyn Ezent Güren; 1206–1405) was the largest contiguous empire in history and for sometime was the most feared in Eurasia. ...
For the language spoken by this ethnic group, see Kyrgyz language. ...
[edit] Russian influence In the early 19th century, the southern part of what is today Kyrgyzstan came under the control of the Khanate of Kokand. The territory, then known in Russian as "Kirgizia", was formally incorporated into the Russian Empire in 1876. The Russian takeover instigated numerous revolts against tsarist authority, and many of the Kyrgyz opted to move to the Pamirs and Afghanistan. In addition, the suppression of the 1916 rebellion in Central Asia caused many Kyrgyz to migrate to China. Since many ethnic groups in the region were (and still are) split between neighbouring states, at a time when borders were more porous and less regulated, it was common to move back and forth over the mountains, depending on where life was perceived as better; this might mean better rains for pasture or better government after oppression. The Khanate of Kokand is a formar state in Asia that existed from 1709-1876 within the territory of modern Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. ...
The subject of this article was previously also known as Russia. ...
Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ...
[edit] Soviet era  Displays in the former Lenin Museum (now part of the National Museum) celebrated Kyrgyzstan's membership in the Soviet Union Soviet power was initially established in the region in 1919 and the Kara-Kyrgyz Autonomous Oblast was created within the Russian SFSR (the term Kara-Kirghiz was used until the mid-1920s by the Russians to distinguish them from the Kazakhs, who were also referred to as Kirghiz). On December 5, 1936, the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic was established as a full republic of the Soviet Union. Image File history File links Bischkek. ...
Image File history File links Bischkek. ...
Bishkek cityscape Bishkek (Бишкек) is the capital of Kyrgyzstan. ...
Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast (Кара-КиргизÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÐО) was created on October 14, 1924 within RSFSR from a part of Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. ...
State motto: Russian: Пролетарии вÑех Ñтран, ÑоединÑйтеÑÑŒ! Translation: Workers of the world, unite! Capital Moscow Official language Russian Established In the USSR: - Since - Until November 7, 1917 December 30, 1922 December 12, 1991 (independence) Area - Total - Water (%) Ranked 1st in the USSR 17,075,200 km² 13% Population - Total - Density Ranked 1st in the...
is the 339th day of the year (340th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
State motto: Бардык өлкөлордүн пролетарлары, бириккиле! Official language None. ...
During the 1920s, Kyrgyzstan developed considerably in cultural, educational, and social life. Literacy was greatly improved, and a standard literary language was introduced. Economic and social development also was notable. Many aspects of the Kyrgyz national culture were retained despite the suppression of nationalist activity under Stalin, and, therefore, tensions with the all-Union authorities were constant. The traditional definition of literacy is considered to be the ability to read and write, or the ability to use language to read, write, listen, and speak. ...
Iosif (usually anglicized as Joseph) Vissarionovich Stalin (Russian: Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин), original name Ioseb Jughashvili (Georgian: იოსებ ჯუღაშვილი; see Other names section) (December 21, 1879[1] – March 5, 1953) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and leader of the Soviet Union. ...
The early years of glasnost had little effect on the political climate in Kyrgyzstan. However, the Republic's press was permitted to adopt a more liberal stance and to establish a new publication, Literaturny Kirghizstan, by the Union of Writers. Unofficial political groups were forbidden, but several groups that emerged in 1989 to deal with the acute housing crisis were permitted to function. // (Russian: IPA: ) is politics of maximal openness, transparency of activity of all official (governmental) institutes, and freedom of information. ...
In June 1990, ethnic tensions between Uzbeks and Kyrgyz surfaced in the Osh Oblast, where Uzbeks form a majority of the population. Violent confrontations ensued, and a state of emergency and curfew were introduced. Order was not restored until August 1990.[citation needed] Osh Province (Kyrgyz: Ош областы) is a province (oblasty) of Kyrgyzstan. ...
The early 1990s brought considerable change to Kyrgyzstan. By then, the Kyrgyzstan Democratic Movement (KDM) had developed into a significant political force with support in Parliament. In an upset victory, Askar Akayev, the liberal President of the Kyrgyz Academy of Sciences, was elected to the Presidency in October 1990. The following January, Akayev introduced new government structures and appointed a new government composed mainly of younger, reform-oriented politicians. Æskar Akayevich Akayev (ÐÑкар Ðкаевич Ðкаев) (born 10 November 1944 in Kyzyl-Bairak, Kirghiz SSR) served as the President of Kyrgyzstan from 1990 until the Kyrgyz people overthrew him in March 2005 in the Tulip Revolution. ...
In December 1990, the Supreme Soviet voted to change the republic's name to the Republic of Kyrgyzstan. (In 1993, it became the Kyrgyz Republic.) In February 1991, the name of the capital, Frunze, was changed back to its prerevolutionary name of Bishkek. Despite these aesthetic moves toward independence, economic realities seemed to work against secession from the Soviet Union. In a referendum on the preservation of the Soviet Union in March 1991, 88.7% of the voters approved the proposal to retain the Soviet Union as a "renewed federation." Bishkek cityscape Bishkek (Бишкек) is the capital of Kyrgyzstan. ...
On August 19, 1991, when the State Emergency Committee assumed power in Moscow, there was an attempt to depose Akayev in Kyrgyzstan. After the coup collapsed the following week, Akayev and Vice President German Kuznetsov announced their resignations from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), and the entire bureau and secretariat resigned. This was followed by the Supreme Soviet vote declaring independence from the Soviet Union on August 31, 1991. is the 231st day of the year (232nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ...
During the Soviet Coup of 1991, also known as the August Coup, a group of hardliners within the Soviet Communist party briefly deposed Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and attempted to take control of the country. ...
For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ...
The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Russian: КоммуниÑтиÌчеÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÐŸÐ°ÌÑ€Ñ‚Ð¸Ñ Ð¡Ð¾Ð²ÐµÌÑ‚Ñкого СоюÌза, transliterated Kommunisticheskaya Partiya Sovetskogo Soyuza, acronym: КПСС (KPSS)) was the ruling political party in the Soviet Union. ...
is the 243rd day of the year (244th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ...
[edit] Independence In October 1991, Akayev ran unopposed and was elected president of the new independent Republic by direct ballot, receiving 95% of the votes cast. Together with the representatives of seven other Republics that same month, he signed the Treaty of the New Economic Community. Finally, on December 21, 1991, Kyrgyzstan joined with the other four Central Asian Republics to formally enter the new Commonwealth of Independent States. In 1992, Kyrgyzstan joined the UN and the CSCE. is the 355th day of the year (356th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ...
Member state Associate member Headquarters Minsk, Belarus Working language Russian Type Commonwealth Membership 11 member states 1 associate member Leaders - Executive Secretary Sergei Lebedev Establishment December 21, 1991 Website http://cis. ...
This article is about the United Nations, for other uses of UN see UN (disambiguation) Official languages English, French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, Arabic Secretary-General Kofi Annan (since 1997) Established October 24, 1945 Member states 191 Headquarters New York City, NY, USA Official site http://www. ...
The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is an international organization for security. ...
The "Tulip Revolution," after the parliamentary elections in March 2005, forced President Akayev's resignation on April 4, 2005. Opposition leaders formed a coalition and a new government was formed under President Kurmanbek Bakiyev and Prime Minister Feliks Kulov. The nation's capital was also looted during the protests. This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
is the 94th day of the year (95th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Kurmanbek Saliyevich Bakiyev (Russian: Курманбек Салиевич Бакиев - variously transliterated; born 1 August 1949) is the President of Kyrgyzstan. ...
Felix (or Feliks) Kulov (born 29 October 1948 in Bishkek) is a Kyrgyz politician. ...
Political stability appears to be elusive, however, as various groups and factions allegedly linked to organized crime are jockeying for power. Three of the 75 members of Parliament elected in March 2005 were assassinated, and another member was assassinated on 10 May 2006 shortly after winning his murdered brother's seat in a by-election. All four are reputed to have been directly involved in major illegal business ventures. Organized crime or criminal organizations are groups or operations run by criminals, most commonly for the purpose of generating a monetary profit. ...
is the 130th day of the year (131st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Current concerns in Kyrgyzstan include: privatization of state-owned enterprises, expansion of democracy and political freedoms, inter-ethnic relations, and terrorism.
[edit] Politics -
The 1993 constitution defines the form of government as a democratic republic. The executive branch includes a president and prime minister. The parliament currently is unicameral. The judicial branch comprises a Supreme Court, a Constitutional Court, local courts, and a Chief Prosecutor. // Political history since independence In the first years of Kyrgyzstans full independence, President Askar Akayev appeared wholeheartedly committed to the reform process. ...
Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Kurmanbek Saliyevich Bakiyev (Russian: Курманбек Салиевич Бакиев - variously transliterated; born 1 August 1949) is the President of Kyrgyzstan. ...
In March 2002, in the southern district of Aksy, five people protesting the arbitrary arrest of an opposition politician were shot dead by police, sparking nationwide protests. President Akayev initiated a constitutional reform process which initially included the participation of a broad range of government, civil, and social representatives in an open dialogue, leading to a February 2003 referendum marred by voting irregularities. The amendments to the constitution approved by the referendum resulted in stronger control by the president and weakened the parliament and the Constitutional Court. Parliamentary elections for a new, 75-seat unicameral legislature were held on February 27 and March 13, 2005, but were widely viewed as corrupt. The subsequent protests led to a bloodless coup on March 24, after which Akayev fled the country and was replaced by acting president Kurmanbek Bakiyev. (see: Tulip Revolution). Aksy is a small town in southern Kyrgyzstan which gained notoriety in 2002 when police and militia fired into a crowd of unarmed demonstrators, killing five. ...
A coup détat, or simply a coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government, usually done by a small group that just replaces the top power figures. ...
Kurmanbek Saliyevich Bakiyev (Russian: Курманбек Салиевич Бакиев - variously transliterated; born 1 August 1949) is the President of Kyrgyzstan. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Interim government leaders are developing a new governing structure for the country and working to resolve outstanding constitutional issues. On July 10, 2005, acting president Bakiyev won the presidential election in a landslide, with 88.9% of the vote, and was inaugurated on 14 August. However, initial public support for the new administration substantially declined in subsequent months as a result of its apparent inability to solve the corruption problems that have plagued the country since its independence from the Soviet Union, along with the murders of several members of parliament. Largescale protests against president Bakiyev took place in Bishkek in April and November of 2006, with opposition leaders accusing the president of failing to live up to his election promises to reform the country's constitution and transfer many of his presidential powers to parliament. [3] is the 191st day of the year (192nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Kyrgyzstan held a presidential election on 10 July 2005. ...
is the 226th day of the year (227th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
[edit] Provinces and districts -
Kyrgyzstan is divided into seven provinces (sing. oblast (область), pl. oblasttar (областтар)) administered by appointed governors. The capital, Bishkek, is administratively an independent city (shaar) with a status equal to a province. Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyz: Кыргызстан, variously transliterated), officially the Kyrgyz Republic, and sometimes known as Kirghizia, is a country in Central Asia. ...
The provinces of Kyrgyzstan are divided into raions (districts), administered by government-appointed officials. ...
A province is a territorial unit, almost always a country subdivision. ...
Oblast (Czech: oblast, Slovak: oblasÅ¥, Russian and Ukrainian: , Belarusian: , Bulgarian: оÌблаÑÑ‚) refers to a subnational entity in some countries. ...
Bishkek cityscape Bishkek (Бишкек) is the capital of Kyrgyzstan. ...
An independent city is a city that does not form part of another general-purpose local government entity. ...
The provinces, and capital city, are as follows: Image File history File links KyrgyzstanNumbered. ...
Image File history File links KyrgyzstanNumbered. ...
- Bishkek
- Batken (Batken)
- Chui (Chui-Tokmok)
- Jalal-Abad (Jalal-Abad)
- Naryn (Naryn)
- Osh (Osh)
- Talas (Talas)
- Issyk-Kul (Karakol)
Each province comprises a number of districts (raions), administered by government-appointed officials (akim). Rural communities (ayıl ökmötü), consisting of up to twenty small settlements, have their own elected mayors and councils. Bishkek cityscape Bishkek (Бишкек) is the capital of Kyrgyzstan. ...
Batken Province (Kyrgyz: Баткен областы, Batken oblast) is a province (oblasty) of Kyrgyzstan. ...
Chui Province (Kyrgyz: Чүй облаÑÑ‚Ñ‹) is a province (oblast) of Kyrgyzstan. ...
Jalal-Abad Province (Kyrgyz: Жалал-Ðбад облаÑÑ‚Ñ‹) is a province (oblast) of Kyrgyzstan. ...
Naryn Province (Kyrgyz: Ðарын облаÑÑ‚Ñ‹) is a province (oblast) of Kyrgyzstan. ...
Osh Province (Kyrgyz: Ош облаÑÑ‚Ñ‹) is a province (oblast) of Kyrgyzstan. ...
Talas Province (Kyrgyz: Талас областы) is a province (oblasty) of Kyrgyzstan. ...
Issyk Kul Province (Kyrgyz: ЫÑык-Көл облаÑÑ‚Ñ‹) is a province (oblast) of Kyrgyzstan. ...
A raion (or rayon) (Russian and Ukrainian: ; Belarusian раён; Azeri: rayon, Latvian: rajons, Georgian: , raioni) is one of two kinds of administrative subdivisions in languages of some post-Soviet states: a subnational entity and a subdivision of a city. ...
A mayor (from the Latin mÄior, meaning larger, greater) is the modern title of the highest ranking municipal officer. ...
Local governments are administrative offices that are smaller than a state or province. ...
[edit] Geography
 Ala Archa gorge near Bishkek -
Kyrgyzstan is a landlocked country in Central Asia, bordering Kazakhstan, China, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. The mountainous region of the Tian Shan covers over 80% of the country (Kyrgyzstan is occasionally referred to as "the Switzerland of Central Asia", as a result [4]), with the remainder made up of valleys and basins. Lake Issyk-Kul in the north-western Tian Shan is the largest lake in Kyrgyzstan and the second largest mountain lake in the world after Titicaca. The highest peaks are in the Kakshaal-Too range, forming the Chinese border. Peak Jengish Chokusu, at 24,400 feet (7,439 m), is the highest point and is considered by geologists (though not mountaineers) to be the northernmost 23,000 foot (7,000 m) peak in the world. Heavy snowfall in winter leads to spring floods which often cause serious damage downstream. The runoff from the mountains is also used for hydro-electricity. from cia wfb File links The following pages link to this file: Kyrgyzstan Categories: CIA World Factbook images ...
from cia wfb File links The following pages link to this file: Kyrgyzstan Categories: CIA World Factbook images ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (840x600, 59 KB)This is a picture that was taken about 50 kilometers from Bishkek, I think it is called Al-aksa range, a national park. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (840x600, 59 KB)This is a picture that was taken about 50 kilometers from Bishkek, I think it is called Al-aksa range, a national park. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 546 pixels Full resolution (1735 × 1185 pixel, file size: 352 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) A view towards Ala Archa in the Kyrgyz Alatau mountains, from roadside in the Chui valley outside Bishkek, capital of Kyrgyzstan. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 546 pixels Full resolution (1735 × 1185 pixel, file size: 352 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) A view towards Ala Archa in the Kyrgyz Alatau mountains, from roadside in the Chui valley outside Bishkek, capital of Kyrgyzstan. ...
Looking up the Ala Archa river valley The dramatic landscape Ala Archa is a national park in Bishkek province of Kyrgyzstan. ...
Bishkek cityscape Bishkek (Бишкек) is the capital of Kyrgyzstan. ...
Location: Central Asia, west of China Geographic coordinates: 41 00 N, 75 00 E Area: total: 198,500 km² land: 191,300 km² water: 7,200 km² Area - comparative: slightly smaller than South Dakota Land boundaries: total: 3,878 km border countries: China 858 km, Kazakhstan 1,051 km, Tajikistan...
Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ...
The Tian Shan (Chinese: 天山; Pinyin: Tiān Shān; celestial mountains) mountain range is located in Central Asia, in the border region of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region of western China. ...
Issyk Kul from space, September 1992 Issyk Kul at sundown (2002) Issyk Kul beach (2002) Issyk Kul (also Ysyk Köl, Issyk-kol) (located at 42°30′N 77°30′E) is an endorheic lake in the northern Tian Shan mountains in northwestern Kyrgyzstan. ...
A boat made of reeds on Lake Titicaca. ...
Jengish Chokusu is the highest mountain in the Tian Shan mountain range. ...
A foot (plural: feet) is a non-SI unit of distance or length, measuring around a third of a meter. ...
Hydroelectric dam diagram The waters of Llyn Stwlan, the upper reservoir of the Ffestiniog Pumped-Storage Scheme in north Wales, can just be glimpsed on the right. ...
The climate varies regionally. The south-western Fergana Valley is subtropical and extremely hot in summer, with temperatures reaching 40°C (104°F.) The northern foothills are temperate and the Tian Shan varies from dry continental to polar climate, depending on elevation. In the coldest areas temperatures are sub-zero for around 40 days in winter, and even some desert areas experience constant snowfall in this period. The Fergana Valley or Farghana Valley (Uzbek: , Kyrgyz: Фергана өрөөнү, Tajik: водии Фaрғонa, Russian: , Persian: ) is a region in the Tian Shan mountain ranges of Central Asia spreading across eastern Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. ...
Subtropical (or semitropical) areas are those adjacent to the tropics, usually roughly defined as the ranges 23. ...
In geography, temperate latitudes of the globe lie between the tropics and the polar circles. ...
Regions containing a continental climate exist in portions of Northern Hemisphere continents, and also at higher elevations in certain other parts of the world. ...
Solar radiation has a lower intensity in polar regions because it travels a longer distance through the atmosphere, and is spread across a larger surface area. ...
Kyrgyzstan has significant deposits of metals including gold and rare earth metals. Due to the country's predominantly mountainous terrain, less than 8% of the land is cultivated, and this is concentrated in the northern lowlands and the fringes of the Fergana Valley. GOLD refers to one of the following: GOLD (IEEE) is an IEEE program designed to garner more student members at the university level (Graduates of the Last Decade). ...
Rare earth ore Rare earth elements and rare earth metals are trivial names sometimes applied to a collection of 17 chemical elements in the periodic table, namely scandium, yttrium, and the lanthanides. ...
Bishkek in the north is the capital and largest city, with approximately 900,000 inhabitants (as of 2005). The second city is the ancient town of Osh, located in the Fergana Valley near the border with Uzbekistan. The principal river is the Naryn, flowing west through the Fergana Valley into Uzbekistan, where it meets another of Kyrgyzstan's major rivers, the Kara Darya, forming the Syr Darya which eventually flows into the Aral Sea — although the massive extraction of water for irrigating Uzbekistan's cotton fields now causes the river to dry up long before reaching the Sea. The Chu River also briefly flows through Kyrgyzstan before entering Kazakhstan. Bishkek cityscape Bishkek (Бишкек) is the capital of Kyrgyzstan. ...
For the home improvement store, see Orchard Supply Hardware. ...
The Naryn River rises in the Tien Shan mountains in Kyrgyzstan, Central Asia, flowing west through the Fergana Valley into Uzbekistan. ...
The Fergana Valley (also Ferghana Valley) is a region in the Tian Shan mountain ranges of Central Asia spreading across eastern Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. ...
Syr Darya (also known as Syrdarya or Sirdaryo) is a river in Central Asia. ...
The Aral Sea (Kazakh: Ðрал Теңізі, Aral Tengizi, Uzbek: , Russian: ÐральÑкοе мοре) is a landlocked endorheic sea in Central Asia; it lies between Kazakhstan in the north and Karakalpakstan, an autonomous region of Uzbekistan, in the south. ...
The Chu (or Chui or Chuy) (Russian: Чу, Kyrgyz: Чүй, Kazakh: Шу) is one of the longest rivers in Kyrgyzstan and drains the northern Kyrgyz ranges of the western Tian Shan, flowing through the Chuy valley near the Kyrgyz capital of Bishkek before leaving Kyrgyzstan and flowing into Kazakhstan. ...
[edit] Enclaves and exclaves There is one exclave, the tiny village of Barak, Kyrgyzstan[5], (population 627) in the Fergana valley. The village is surrounded by Uzbek territory and located between the towns of Margilan and Fergana. This cites very few or no references or sources. ...
Fergana Fergana or Farghana (Uzbek: Fargona [Фарғона], Russian: Фергана, Tajik: Фарғона) is a city (1999 population: 182,800), the capital of Fergana Province in eastern Uzbekistan, at the southern edge of the Fergana Valley in southern Central Asia, cutting across the borders of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. ...
Margilan is a city (1994 pop 145,000) in Fergana Province in eastern Uzbekistan. ...
There are four Uzbek enclaves within Kyrgyzstan. Two of them are the towns of Sokh (area 125 sq. mi/325 km² and a population of 42,800 in 1993, although some estimates go as high as 70,000; 99% are Tajiks, the remainder Uzbeks), and Shakhrimardan (also known as Shakirmardon or Shah-i-Mardan, area 35 sq. mi/90 km² and a population of 5,100 in 1993; 91% are Uzbeks, the remainder Kyrgyz); the other two are the tiny territories of Chuy-Kara (or Kalacha, roughly 3 km long by 1 km wide or 2 mi by 0.6 mi) and Dzhangail (a dot of land barely 2 or 3 km across). Chuy-Kara is on the Sokh river, between the Uzbek border and the Sokh enclave. This cites very few or no references or sources. ...
“Miles†redirects here. ...
There also are two enclaves belonging to Tajikistan: Vorukh (exclave area between 95 and 130 km² [37–50 sq. mi], population estimated between 23,000 and 29,000, 95% Tajiks and 5% Kyrgyz, distributed among 17 villages), located 45 kilometres (28 mi) south of Isfara on the right bank of the Karafshin river, and a small settlement near the Kyrgyz railway station of Kairagach. A sign welcoming travellers to Isfara. ...
[edit] Economy -
Despite the backing of major Western lenders, including the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank, the Kyrgyz Republic has had economic difficulties following independence. Initially, these were a result of the breakup of the Soviet trading bloc and resulting loss of markets, which impeded the Republic's transition to a free market economy.. The government has reduced expenditures, ended most price subsidies, and introduced a value-added tax. Overall, the government appears committed to the transition to a market economy. Through economic stabilization and reform, the government seeks to establish a pattern of long-term consistent growth. Reforms led to the Kyrgyz Republic's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) on December 20, 1998. The economy of Kyrgyzstan was severely affected by the collapse of the Soviet trading block. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
IMF redirects here. ...
The World Bank logo The World Bank (the Bank) is a part of the World Bank Group (WBG), is a bank that makes loans to developing countries for development programs with the stated goal of reducing poverty. ...
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is a regional development bank established in 1966 to promote economic and social development in Asian and Pacific countries through loans and technical assistance. ...
Value added tax (VAT) is a sales tax levied on the sale of goods and services. ...
A market economy (also called a free market economy or a free enterprise economy) is an economic system in which the production and distribution of goods and services take place through the mechanism of free markets (though completley useless to some dumbasses) guided by a free price system. ...
WTO redirects here. ...
is the 354th day of the year (355th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
The Kyrgyz Republic's economy was severely affected by the collapse of the Soviet Union and the resulting loss of its vast market. In 1990, some 98% of Kyrgyz exports went to other parts of the Soviet Union. Thus, the nation's economic performance in the early 1990s was worse than any other former Soviet republic except war-torn Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Tajikistan, as factories and state farms collapsed with the disappearance of their traditional markets in the former Soviet Union. While economic performance has improved considerably in the last few years, and particularly since 1998, difficulties remain in securing adequate fiscal revenues and providing an adequate social safety net. Fiscal policy is the economic term that defines the set of principles and decisions of a government in setting the level of public expenditure and how that expenditure is funded. ...
The social safety net is a term used to describe a collection of services provided by the state (such as welfare, universal healthcare, homeless shelters, and perhaps various subsidized services such as transit), which prevent any individual from falling into poverty beyond a certain level. ...
Agriculture is an important sector of the economy in the Kyrgyz Republic; see agriculture in Kyrgyzstan. By the early 1990s, the private agricultural sector provided between one-third and one-half of some harvests. In 2002 agriculture accounted for 35.6% of GDP and about half of employment. The Kyrgyz Republic's terrain is mountainous, which accommodates livestock raising, the largest agricultural activity, so the resulting wool, meat, and dairy products are major commodities. Main crops include wheat, sugar beets, potatoes, cotton, tobacco, vegetables, and fruit. As the prices of imported agrichemicals and petroleum are so high, much farming is being done by hand and by horse, as it was generations ago. Agricultural processing is a key component of the industrial economy, as well as one of the most attractive sectors for foreign investment. Agriculture in Kyrgyzstan is a significant sector of the economy. ...
Sheep are commonly bred as livestock. ...
For other uses, see Wool (disambiguation). ...
This article is about the food. ...
Dairy products are generally defined as foodstuffs produced from milk. ...
Species T. aestivum T. boeoticum T. dicoccoides T. dicoccon T. durum T. monococcum T. spelta T. sphaerococcum T. timopheevii References: ITIS 42236 2002-09-22 Wheat Wheat For the indie rock group, see Wheat (band). ...
Two sugar beets - the one on the left has been cultivated to be smoother than the traditional beet, so that it traps less soil. ...
Binomial name Solanum tuberosum L. The potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a perennial plant of the Solanaceae, or nightshade, family, grown for its starchy tuber. ...
For other uses, see Cotton (disambiguation). ...
Shredded tobacco leaf for pipe smoking Tobacco can also be pressed into plugs and sliced into flakes Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the fresh leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. ...
Vegetables on a market Vegetable is a nutritional and culinary term denoting any part of a plant that is commonly consumed by humans as food, but is not regarded as a culinary fruit, nut, herb, spice, or grain. ...
For other uses, see Fruit (disambiguation). ...
Agrichemicals are sprayed onto areas to control pests and diseases, or weeds. ...
Petro redirects here. ...
The Kyrgyz Republic is rich in mineral resources but has negligible petroleum and natural gas reserves; it imports petroleum and gas. Among its mineral reserves are substantial deposits of coal, gold, uranium, antimony, and other rare-earth metals. Metallurgy is an important industry, and the government hopes to attract foreign investment in this field. The government has actively encouraged foreign involvement in extracting and processing gold. The Kyrgyz Republic's plentiful water resources and mountainous terrain enable it to produce and export large quantities of hydroelectric energy. Petro redirects here. ...
For other uses, see Natural gas (disambiguation). ...
Coal Example chemical structure of coal Coal (pronounced ) is a fossil fuel formed in swamp ecosystems where plant remains were saved by water and mud from oxidization and biodegradation. ...
GOLD refers to one of the following: GOLD (IEEE) is an IEEE program designed to garner more student members at the university level (Graduates of the Last Decade). ...
This article is about the chemical element. ...
This article is about the element. ...
Rare earth ore Rare earth elements and rare earth metals are trivial names sometimes applied to a collection of 17 chemical elements in the Periodic Table, namely scandium, yttrium, and the lanthanides. ...
Georg Agricola, author of De re metallica, an important early book on metal extraction Metallurgy is a domain of materials science that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their intermetallic compounds, and their compounds, which are called alloys. ...
Hydroelectric dam diagram The waters of Llyn Stwlan, the upper reservoir of the Ffestiniog Pumped-Storage Scheme in north Wales, can just be glimpsed on the right. ...
On a local level,
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