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The degree of Bachelor of Laws is the principal academic degree in law in most common law countries other than the United States, where it has been replaced by the Juris Doctor degree. It is abbreviated LL.B. (or sometimes Ll.B.): "LL" is an abbreviation of the genitive plural legum (of laws), thus "LL.B." stands for Legum Baccalaureus in Latin. In the United States it is sometimes called "Bachelor of Legal Letters" to account for the double "L". Historically, law students used to study both ecclesiastical law and common law. Today, this is much less common. However, a few institutions, such as Cardiff University's Department of Canon (Ecclesiastical) Law, continue to offer alternatives to the common law. This article is about academic degrees. ...
This article concerns the common-law legal system, as contrasted with the civil law legal system; for other meanings of the term, within the field of law, see common law (disambiguation). ...
J.D. is an abbreviation for the Latin Juris Doctor, also called Doctor of Jurisprudence, and is the law degree typically awarded by an accredited U.S. law school to a student who has successfully completed three years of study. ...
Latin was the language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ...
In Western culture, canon law is the law of the Roman Catholic and Anglican churches. ...
Cardiff University (Welsh: Prifysgol Caerdydd) is a university in Cardiff. ...
Qualifying law degrees The term "qualifying law degree" refers to a degree from a university or college that is accredited by the relevant bar or law society and in which a passing grade has been achieved in designated core modules of the degree. The specific modules required by the bar association may vary and different naming conventions can be used. A typical qualifying law degree consists of six modules drawn from the following subject areas: - Public law (constitutional/administrative)
- European Union law
- Law of evidence
- Criminal law
- Law of obligations (contract, restitution, and tort)
- Property law (real property)
- Trusts and equity
The following lists of United Kingdom universities are generally recognised in the Common Law countries for the purpose of professional admission. The University of Aberdeen is a university in Aberdeen, Scotland. ...
The University of Birmingham is the oldest of three universities in the English city of Birmingham. ...
The University of Bristol is a university in Bristol in the United Kingdom. ...
The University of Cambridge is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world, with one of the most selective sets of entry requirements in the United Kingdom. ...
The University of Dundee has its roots in the earlier University-College and the University of Saint Andrews. ...
Durham University is a university in England. ...
The University of Edinburgh, founded in 1583, is a renowned centre for teaching and research in Edinburgh, Scotland. ...
University of Essex The University of Essex is a British university, one of the Glass Plate universities (like Warwick or York) and received its Royal Charter in 1965. ...
The University of Exeter is the principal University in the English city of Exeter, in Devon. ...
The University of Glasgow is the largest of the three universities in Glasgow, Scotland. ...
Parkinson Building, University of Leeds The University of Leeds, England, is one of the largest universities in the United Kingdom and the most popular by applicants, with 52,444 applicants in 2003 for 7,228 places (UCAS). ...
The University of Leicester is a leading research led UK university based in Leicester, England, with almost twenty thousand registered students - about ten thousand of them full-time students, and seven thousand of them distance-learning students (the largest distance learning population of any UK university other than the Open...
The University of Liverpool is a university in the city of Liverpool in the United Kingdom. ...
Senate House, designed by Charles Holden home to the universitys central administration offices and its library The University of London is a federation of colleges which together constitute one of the worlds largest universities. ...
The University of Manchester in Manchester, England is a university that was formed from the merger of the Victoria University of Manchester (commonly known as the University of Manchester before the merger) and UMIST (University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology) on 1 October 2004. ...
The University of Nottingham is a leading research and teaching university in the city of Nottingham, in the East Midlands of England. ...
The University of Oxford, located in the city of Oxford, England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ...
University of Southampton Dolphin logo The University of Southampton is a British university situated in the city of Southampton, on the south-coast of the United Kingdom. ...
The University of Sheffield is a leading university, located in Sheffield, UK. // History The University of Sheffield was originally formed by the merger of three colleges. ...
The University of Wales, or Prifysgol Cymru in Welsh, is a federal university founded in 1893. ...
The University of Warwick is a campus university in the United Kingdom. ...
Marylebone campus The University of Westminster is a British university in London, formed in 1992 as a result of the Further and Higher Education Act, 1992, which allowed the London Polytechnic (Polytechnic of Central London or PCL ) to rename itself as a university. ...
Becoming a lawyer Upon completion of the degree, graduates are generally qualified to apply for membership of the bar or law society. The membership eligibility bestowed may be subject to completion of professional exams. In Canada a one year period of articling (apprenticeship to an established lawyer or judge generally involving clerical duties) must be completed before admission to the bar. A student may have to gain a further qualification at postgraduate level, for example the Legal Practice Course or Bar Vocational Course in England and Wales, or the PCLL in Hong Kong. A bar association is a body of lawyers who, in some jurisdictions, are responsible for the regulation of the legal profession. ...
The Law Society of England and Wales is the professional association that regulates and represents the solicitors profession in England and Wales. ...
The Legal Practice Course (LPC) is the vocational stage for becoming a solicitor/lawyer in England and Wales. ...
The Bar Vocational Course (usually termed the BVC) is a post-graduate course that is completed by those wishing to be called to the bar, i. ...
The Postgraduate Certificate in Laws (P.C.LL.) is an intensive one-year full-time (or two-year part-time) professional legal qualification which allows graduates to proceed to legal training before qualifying to practice as either a barrister or a solicitor in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People...
International situation
Alternative titles and formats In the United States the LL.B. became a three year graduate degree taken after completion of a four-year undergraduate degree. The LL.B. has now been widely replaced in the United States by the Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree although little has changed in its form and structure. In some educational systems, an undergraduate is a post-secondary student pursuing a Bachelors degree. ...
J.D. is an abbreviation for the Latin Juris Doctor, also called Doctor of Jurisprudence, and is the law degree typically awarded by an accredited U.S. law school to a student who has successfully completed three years of study. ...
In most of the Commonwealth, the LL.B. remains the qualifying degree for the practice of law, though some universities award the degree of Bachelor of Civil Law (B.C.L.). At Oxford and Cambridge, the principal law degree is a B.A., in Jurisprudence and Law respectively; the B.C.L. and LL.B. (recently renamed LL.M.) are postgraduate degrees. Some universities in the United Kingdom and New Zealand offer variations of this degree, such as the LL.B.(Europe), which generally take four years to complete and include a wider range of topics as well as some degree of specialisation. The Commonwealth of Nations, usually known as The Commonwealth, is an association of independent sovereign states, almost all of which are former territories of the British Empire. ...
Bachelor of Civil Law or B.C.L. is the name of the degree given in civil law jurisdictions to graduates of a faculty of law in a university. ...
The University of Oxford, located in the city of Oxford, England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ...
The University of Cambridge is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world, with one of the most selective sets of entry requirements in the United Kingdom. ...
A Bachelor of Arts (B.A. or A.B.) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course or program in the arts and/or sciences. ...
The Master of Laws is an advanced law degree that allows someone to specialize in a particular area of law. ...
Eligibility to foreign jurisdictions Foreign law graduates wishing to attain admission to the bar in the United States may find their qualifying LL.B law degree fulfils core admission requirements and allows them to take the bar exam, directly. For example, New York permits holders of Oxford and Cambridge B.A. degrees and University of London LL.B. degrees (NOT THE EXTERNAL DEGREE) to take the bar, and both New York and Massachusetts permit Canadian LL.B. holders to take the bar. (The University of Toronto J.D. is a renamed LL.B. and treated no differently by American states.) The procedures vary between states and interested applicants should seek specific advice. State nickname: The Empire State Other U.S. States Capital Albany Largest city New York City Governor George Pataki (R) Senators Charles Schumer (D) Hillary Rodham Clinton (D) Official languages None (English is de facto) Area 141,205 km² or 54,556 square miles (27th) - Land 122,409 km² - Water...
Senate House, designed by Charles Holden home to the universitys central administration offices and its library The University of London is a federation of colleges which together constitute one of the worlds largest universities. ...
State nickname: Bay State Other U.S. States Capital Boston Largest city Boston Governor Mitt Romney (R) Senators Edward Kennedy (D) John Kerry (D) Official language(s) English Area 27,360 km² (44th) - Land 20,317 km² - Water 7,043 km² (25. ...
Founded in 1827, the University of Toronto (U of T), in Toronto, Ontario, is the largest university in Canada. ...
Alternatives There are also one-year conversion courses available for non-law graduates, available as an alternative to the full-length LL.B. degree course. One such example of a conversion course in England and Wales is the GDL (Graduate Diploma in Law).
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