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A low-noise block converter (LNB, for low-noise block, or sometimes LNC, for low-noise converter) is used in communications satellite (usually broadcast satellite) reception.
The LNB is usually fixed on or in the satellite dish, for the reasons outlined below.
The job of the LNB is to use the superheterodyne principle to take a wide block (or band) of relatively high frequencies and convert them to similar signals carried at a much lower frequency (called intermediate frequency or IF).