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Number 4468 Mallard is a London and North Eastern Railway Class A4 4-6-2 Pacific steam locomotive built at Doncaster, England in 1938. the Mallard at the National Railway Museum at York. ...
Sir Herbert Nigel Gresley (19 June 1876 – 5 April 1941) was one of Britains most famous Steam locomotive engineers who worked for the Great Northern Railway company from 1911 to 1922 as locomotive superintendent and for the London and North Eastern Railway company (LNER) from 1923 to 1941...
March 3 is the 62nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (63rd in leap years). ...
Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ...
A selection of early 20th century locomotive types according to their Whyte notation and their comparative size The Whyte notation for classifying steam locomotives by wheel arrangement was devised by Frederick Methvan Whyte and came into use in the early 20th century. ...
The Pennsylvania Railroads class K4s, a well known 4-6-2 type. ...
The dominant rail gauge in each country shown Rail gauge is the distance between the inner sides of the two parallel rails that make up a railway track. ...
A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ...
A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
Class (locomotive) refers to a group of locomotives built to a common design for a single railroad. ...
60034 Lord Farringdon at Aberdeen Ferryhill, 1965. ...
April 25 is the 115th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (116th in leap years). ...
Year 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ...
Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ...
LNER timetable for Autumn 1926 detailing the resumption of services after the General Strike. ...
60034 Lord Farringdon at Aberdeen Ferryhill, 1965. ...
The Pennsylvania Railroads class K4s, a well known 4-6-2 type. ...
One of the last mainline steam locomotives built in the UK: British Railways Standard Class 9F 2-10-0 no. ...
For other places with the same name, see Doncaster (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ...
Mallard was designed by Sir Nigel Gresley as an express locomotive. Its wind-tunnel-tested, aerodynamic body allowed it to reach speeds of over 100 mph (160 km/h). Mallard was in service until 1963, when it was retired, having covered almost one and a half million miles (2.4 million km). Sir Herbert Nigel Gresley (19 June 1876 – 5 April 1941) was one of Britains most famous Steam locomotive engineers who worked for the Great Northern Railway company from 1911 to 1922 as locomotive superintendent and for the London and North Eastern Railway company (LNER) from 1923 to 1941...
Year 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
It was restored to working order in the 1980s, but has not operated since. Mallard is the only surviving A4 in LNER livery and in as-built original condition with side valances (although the valances are replicas).
Mallard is now part of the National Collection at the United Kingdom's National Railway Museum in York. Locomotives arranged around the turntable in the Great Hall. ...
York shown within England Coordinates: , Sovereign state Constituent country Region Yorkshire and the Humber Ceremonial county North Yorkshire Admin HQ York City Centre Founded 71 City Status 71 Government - Type Unitary Authority, City - Governing body City of York Council - Leadership: Leader & Executive - Executive: Liberal Democrat - MPs: Hugh Bayley (L) John...
The locomotive is 70 ft long and weighs 165 tons, including the tender. A British tender locomotive Fuel tender from one of Union Pacifics turbines. ...
The Record
Mallard is the holder of the world speed record for steam locomotives at 126 mph (203 km/h). The record was achieved on July 3, 1938 on the slight downwards grade of Stoke Bank south of Grantham on the East Coast Main Line, and the highest speed was recorded at milepost 90¼, between Little Bytham and Essendine. It broke the German (DRG Class 05) 002's 1936 record of 124 mph (200.4 km/h). JR-Maglev MLX01 at Yamanashi. ...
One of the last mainline steam locomotives built in the UK: British Railways Standard Class 9F 2-10-0 no. ...
is the 184th day of the year (185th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ...
Grantham is a medium sized market town in Lincolnshire, England with about 35,000 inhabitants (40,000 including Great Gonerby), situated on the River Witham. ...
The East Coast Main Line viaduct at Durham. ...
Little Bytham is a scenic small village in South Kesteven in south Lincolnshire situated between Corby Glen and Stamford on the B1176, which is straddled by viaducts of the East Coast Main Line as the road passes through the village. ...
Essendine is a village in the county of Rutland in the East Midlands of England. ...
The Deutsche Reichsbahn Gesellschafts BR 05 (Baureihe, or series) was a class of three express passenger steam locomotives of 4-6-4 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or 2C2 in the UIC notation used in Europe. ...
1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...
Mallard was the perfect vehicle for such an endeavour; one of the A4 class of streamlined locomotives designed for sustained 100+ mph (160 km/h) running, it was one of a small number equipped with a double chimney and double Kylchap blastpipe, which made for improved draughting and better exhaust flow at speed. The A4's three-cylinder design made for stability at speed, and the large 6 ft 8 in (2.032 m) driving wheels meant that the maximum revolutions per minute was within the capabilities of the technology of the day. Mallard was five months old, meaning that it was sufficiently run-in to run freely, but not overly worn. Selected to crew the locomotive on its record attempt were driver Joseph Duddington (a man renowned within the LNER for taking calculated risks) and fireman Thomas Bray. The Kylchap steam locomotive exhaust system was designed and patented by the famous French steam engineer André Chapelon, using a second-stage nozzle designed by the Finnish engineer Kylälä and known as the Kylälä spreader; thus the name KylChap for this design. ...
The blastpipe is part of a steam locomotive that discharges exhaust steam from the cylinders into the smokebox beneath the chimney in order to increase the draught of the fire. ...
Shortly after the attainment of this record speed, Mallard suffered an overheated inside big end bearing and had to limp back to Doncaster for repair. Inaccuracies in the machining and setup of the Gresley-Holcroft derived motion (which derived the valve motion of the inside cylinder from those of the other two, avoiding a hard-to-maintain valve gear linkage between the frames) meant that the inside cylinder of the A4 did more work at high speed than the two outside cylinders; this overloading was mostly responsible for the failure. Piston and connecting rod from an automobile engine, showing the big end bearing at the bottom. ...
A bearing is a device to permit constrained relative motion between two parts, typically rotation or linear movement. ...
Doncaster railway works was in the town of Doncaster in the county of Yorkshire in England. ...
Designed by Sir Nigel Gresley, chief mechanical engineer of the LNER, Gresley Conjugated Valve Gear allowed a 3-cylinder locomotive to derive the valve motion for the inside cylinder from that of the outside cylinders. ...
Mallard builder's plate with works' number 1870. Stoke Bank had a descending gradient of between 1:178 and 1:200. Mallard, with six coaches plus a dynamometer car in tow, topped Stoke Summit at 75 mph (121 km/h) and began to accelerate downhill. The speeds at the end of each mile (1.6 km) from the summit were recorded at: 87½, 96½, 104, 107, 111½, 116 and 119 mph (141, 155, 167, 172, 179, 187 and 192 km/h); half-mile (800 m) readings after that gave 120¾, 122½, 123, 124¼ and finally 125 mph (194, 197, 198, 200 and 201 km/h). The speed recorded by instruments in the dynamometer car reached a momentary maximum of 126 mph (203 km/h). Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2685x2004, 3079 KB)Mallard Number Plate Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2685x2004, 3079 KB)Mallard Number Plate Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ...
The Southern Pacific Railroads dynamometer car #137, July 1937. ...
Rival claims Mallard's world record has never been officially exceeded by a steam locomotive, though German locomotives came very close (in 1936, two years before Mallard's run, a Class 05 loco reached 200.4 km/h (124.5 mph) between Hamburg and Berlin). Many rumours and stories exist of higher speeds, but Mallard's is the only one with adequate documentation. Other steam locomotives were probably capable of such speeds; the LNER's long, straight, slightly downhill raceway of Stoke Bank played as much of a part in the record as the locomotive or crew (the 1936 run of the German Class 05 was on a horizontal strech of track). The Deutsche Reichsbahn Gesellschafts BR 05 (Baureihe, or series) was a class of three express passenger steam locomotives of 4-6-4 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or 2C2 in the UIC notation used in Europe. ...
This article is about the city in Germany. ...
This article is about the capital of Germany. ...
The Deutsche Reichsbahn Gesellschafts BR 05 (Baureihe, or series) was a class of three express passenger steam locomotives of 4-6-4 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or 2C2 in the UIC notation used in Europe. ...
It is notable that, unlike world records for cars, there is no requirement for an average of two runs in both directions, and assistance from gradient or wind has always been acceptable in rail speed records. “Car†and “Cars†redirect here. ...
Other locomotives that may have exceeded the 126 mph (203 km/h) record include the Pennsylvania Railroad's mighty S1 prototype which is rumoured to have reached 140 mph (225 km/h), although the claim is disputed, [1] and the Milwaukee Road class F7. The Milwaukee Road had the fastest scheduled steam-powered passenger trains in the world. Both it and the Chicago & North Western had timetables requiring running in excess of 100 mph (160 km/h); it is known that both railroads' locomotives often exceeded 120 mph. [2] The belief is that—as far as can be ascertained—fear of lawsuits, and of a reputation for risk-taking through record runs, scared all U.S. railroad companies away from official record attempts in the 1930s and 1940s, in marked contrast to the constant record claims of previous decades. [citation needed] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1878x1845, 2461 KB)Mallard speed record plate Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1878x1845, 2461 KB)Mallard speed record plate Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ...
1893 map The Pennsylvania Railroad (AAR reporting mark PRR) was an American railroad that was founded in 1846 and merged in 1968 into Penn Central Transportation. ...
The Pennsylvania Railroads class S1 comprised a single steam locomotive of 6-4-4-6 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, the only locomotive of such arrangement ever constructed. ...
The Milwaukee Roads class F7 comprised six (#100–#105) high-speed, streamlined 4-6-4 Baltic or Hudson type steam locomotives built by ALCO in 1937–38 to haul the Milwaukees Hiawatha express passenger trains. ...
Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic - President George Walker Bush (R) - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from...
Thus, Mallard still holds the crown; plaques affixed to each side of the locomotive commemorate the feat.
1948 Locomotive Exchange Trials In 1948, shortly after the formation of British Railways, the decision was taken to test locomotives from all of the former 'Big Four' companies to find the best attributes of speed, power and efficiency with coal and water. There were two ways of testing and comparing locomotives: either at the Rugby Locomotive testing plant, which wasn't ready until late 1948, or by testing in the field itself. The results of these trials would be used to help design the British Railways Standard design of locomotives.
The express passenger locomotive designs which would be compared were: London Midland Region Princess Coronation class, Eastern Region Class A4, Southern Region Merchant Navy and Western Region King class.
Three Gresley A4 locomotives were chosen to represent the Eastern Region: E22 Mallard, 60033 Seagull and 60034 Lord Farringdon. All of the locomotives had the Kylchap double blastpipe chimney arrangement and were fresh from Doncaster works. Mallard had emerged from Doncaster with a fresh coat of post-war garter blue livery, stainless steel numbers 22 with a small 'E' painted above them (for Eastern region), new boiler (her fourth) and third tender of her career.
June 8th 1948 saw E22 Mallard used on the Waterloo-Exeter route. Driver Marrable took the famous A4 with a load of 481 tons tare, 505 tons full, the same that had been used on the previous trip by 35018 British India Line. Mallard got through Clapham Junction in 6 minutes 57 seconds, Woking in 28 minutes 47 seconds. At Hook there were adverse signals, causing Mallard to slow to a crawl. Even so, by Axminster, Mallard had reached 82 miles per hour. Salisbury was reached in 108 minutes and 28 seconds. Despite the signals earlier, the train was only 5-and-a-half minutes late. The net time was 95.5 minutes. June 8 is the 159th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (160th in leap years), with 206 days remaining. ...
Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The SR Merchant Navy Class, given the nickname Spam Cans or Packets by locomotive drivers after the doyen of the class, was originally a class of streamlined 4-6-2 steam locomotive designed for the Southern Railway by Oliver Bulleid. ...
Mallard failed after this trial and 60033 Seagull took over. June 10th saw Seagull achieve the run in 96 minutes 22 seconds, but had departed 3 minutes late, meaning Seagull had arrived with the same load 3.5 minutes early. For Mallard, the 1948 Locomotive Exchange Trials were over, but Mallard was to return to the Waterloo-Exeter line for a Locomotive Club of Great Britain (LCGB) railtour in February 24th 1963.
Technical Specifics Mallard was released into traffic for the first time on March 3rd 1938. She was the first A4 to be fitted with a Kylchap double blast pipe from new. This was one of the features that would shortly select her for the attempt on the world rail speed record in the following July.
Mallard wore a variety of liveries throughout her career, these were: garter blue as 4468, LNER wartime black from June 13th 1942, later wartime black with the tender marked as "NE" from October 21st 1943 as 22 with yellow small stencilled numbers, post-war garter blue with white and red lining from March 5th 1948 with stainless steel cabside number 22, British railways dark blue as 60022 from September 16th 1949, brunswick green from July 4th 1952 and regaining her original LNER garter blue for preservation in 1963. July 4 is the 185th day of the year (186th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 180 days remaining. ...
Year 1952 (MCMLII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
As with all 35 of the Gresley A4 pacific steam locomotives, Mallard was fitted with streamlines valances, or side skirting, when she was built. This was found to hinder maintenance and, like her sisters, it was removed. 4468 lost her valances during a works visit June 13th 1942, regaining them in preservation in 1963.
Mallard was fitted with twelve boilers during her 25 year career. These boilers were: 9024 (from construction), 8959 (from 4496 Golden Shuttle, June 13th 1942), 8907 (from 2511 Silver King, August 1st 1946), 8948 (from 31 Golden Plover, March 5th 1948), 8957 (from 60009 Union of South Africa, September 16th 1949), 29282 (from 60028 Walter K Whigham, January 10th 1951), 29301 (from 60019 Bittern, July 4th 1952), 29315 (from 60014 Silver Link, April 23rd 1954), 29328 (new-build boiler, June 7th 1957), 29308 (from 60008 Dwight D. Eisenhower, August 27th 1958), 29310 (from 60009 Union of South Africa, March 9th 1960) and 27965 (from 60009 Union of South Africa, August 10th 1961).
Mallard has had seven tenders throughout her career. She started off with a non-corridor tender in 1938, had corridor design tenders during her British Railways days and was fitted with a non-corridor tender in 1963 to recreate her original appearance. The tenders she has been fitted with are: 5642 (March 3rd 1938 - March 14th 1939), 5639 (May 5th 1939 - January 16th 1948), 5323 (March 5th 1948 - March 12th 1953), 5648 (March 12th 1953 - July 21st 1958), 5330 (August 27th 1958 - May 30th 1962), 5651 (May 30th 1962 - April 25th 1963) and 5670 (current tender, masquerading as original tender 5642).
Mallard was allocated to three sheds during her career: Doncaster, Grantham (transferring October 21st 1943) and Kings Cross ('Top Shed'), transferring on April 11th 1948.
In Fiction Mallard appears in The Railway Series book Thomas and the Great Railway Show, pictured with a rather grumpy face, on the occasion of Thomas's visit to the National Railway Museum at York. Mallard was to appear in the TV series but was repainted and renamed Spencer. It also appears in the game Railroad Tycoon 3. Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: The Railway Series The Railway Series is a set of story books about a fictional railway system located on the fictional Island of Sodor and the engines that lived on it. ...
Thomas the Tank Engine This article is about the fictional tank engine. ...
York shown within England Coordinates: , Sovereign state Constituent country Region Yorkshire and the Humber Ceremonial county North Yorkshire Admin HQ York City Centre Founded 71 City Status 71 Government - Type Unitary Authority, City - Governing body City of York Council - Leadership: Leader & Executive - Executive: Liberal Democrat - MPs: Hugh Bayley (L) John...
This article lists, and also profiles, the regular Engine characters of the Television Series Thomas the Tank Engine and Friends. ...
Screenshot from Railroad Tycoon Railroad Tycoon is an economic simulation and computer strategy game. ...
References - Allen, Cecil J. (1949). The Locomotive Exchanges 1870 - 1948.. Ian Allan Ltd. A comprehensive book on locomotive exchanges, giving details of each trial and the locomotives involved.
- Clarke, David (2005). Locomotives in Detail: 3 Gresley 4-6-2- A4 Class.. Ian Allan Publishing. An overall history of the Gresley A4 class, as well as unparalleled details about the class and individual members.
- Yeadon, W.B. (2001). Yeadon's Register of LNER Locomotives: Volume Two: Gresley A4 and W1 classes.. Booklaw/Railbus is association with Challenger. Histories of the A4 and W1 classes of locomotive with details of repairs and liveries etc.
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