NationMaster - Encyclopedia: La Bolduc

Mary Rose-Anna Travers, (June 4, 1894 – February 20, 1941) was a French-Canadian singer and musician. She was known as Madame Bolduc or La Bolduc. During the peak of her popularity in the 1930s, she was known as the Queen of Canadian Folksingers.^[1] Bolduc is often considered to be Quebec's first singer/songwriter. Her style combined the traditional folk music of Ireland and Quebec, usually in upbeat, comedic songs. is the 155th day of the year (156th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1941 (disambiguation). ... is the 155th day of the year (156th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1941 (disambiguation). ... Canadiens redirects here. ... For other uses, see Singer (disambiguation). ...

Biography

Childhood

Born in Newport, Quebec in the Gaspé, Bolduc was the daughter of an Irish immigrant, Lawrence Travers, and a French-Canadian mother, Adeline Cyr. Her family included five full siblings, and an additional six half-siblings from her father's first marriage. Bolduc and her eleven siblings spoke English at home, but also spoke French fluently. The family was extremely poor, but Bolduc attended school for a time, becoming literate in French.^[1] The port of Chandler was founded in 1912 when Percy Milton Chandler, a Philadelphia manufacturer, built the first pulp and paper mill in the Gaspésie at the site. ... NASA satellite image of the GaspÃ© Peninsula. ... Canadiens redirects here. ...

Her only music teacher was her father, who taught her how to play the instruments that were traditional in Quebec culture of the era: the fiddle, accordion, harmonica, spoons and Jew's harp. She learnt traditional music from the two heritages, both Irish melodies and French-Canadian folk tunes. The family did not own a record player, piano or sheet music, so Bolduc learned jigs and folk songs from memory or by ear. She was giving casual public performances by the spring of 1908, when she would play the accordion at the logging camp where she worked as a cook and her father as a lumberjack.^[1] â€œFiddlerâ€ redirects here. ... For other uses, see Accordion (disambiguation). ... A harmonica is a free reed wind instrument. ... Spoons can be played as a makeshift percussion instrument, or more specifically, an idiophone related to the castanets. ... Jews harp, from an American Civil War camp near Winchester, Virginia A modern jews harp A metal Jews harp (demir-xomus) from Tuva The Jews harp, jaw harp, or mouth harp is thought to be one of the oldest musical instruments in the world; a musician... The jig (sometimes seen in its French language or Italian language forms gigue or giga) is a folk dance type as well as the accompanying dance tune type, popular in Ireland and Scotland. ... Lumberjacks in Oregon, c. ...

Early working life

In 1908 at the age of thirteen, Bolduc was sent to live with her half-sister Mary-Ann in Montreal. Mary-Ann worked as a maid and had secured Bolduc a job as a maid in the house of Dr Lesage. She was paid $15 per month, in addition to room and board. A few years later she took a job at a textile mill, which paid $15 weekly for 60 hours of work per week.^[1] Year 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Nickname: Motto: Concordia Salus (well-being through harmony) Coordinates: , Country Province Region MontrÃ©al Founded 1642 Established 1832 Government - Mayor GÃ©rald Tremblay Area [1][2][3] - City 365. ... Room and board describes a situation where, in exchange for money, labor or other considerations, a person is provided with a place to live as well as meals (board) on a comprehensive basis. ... Lancashire cotton mill, 1914 A cotton mill is a factory housing spinning and weaving machinery. ...

On August 17, 1914, she married Édouard Bolduc, a plumber.^[1] The couple's first child was stillborn. Denise Bolduc was born in July of 1916, Jeannette Bolduc in July of 1917 and Roger Bolduc in August of 1918. Roger died at the age of ten months and Jeanette at two years. The couple experienced more bad fortune with pregnancies and children; of the twelve or thirteen pregnancies, only four children reached adulthood. The family was quite poor, and in 1921 when Édouard had difficulty finding work they decided to move to Springfield, Massachusetts. Édouard Bolduc's sister was living there at the time. They returned to Montreal a year later, as Édouard had been unable to secure work in Springfield. During this time Mary Bolduc entertained both friends and family with her musical talents. Among her friends were amateur musicians who sometimes performed with the Veillées du bon vieux temps at the Monument-National under Conrad Gauthier.^[1] is the 229th day of the year (230th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Joe Kessler is a plumber! A plumber is a tradesperson who specializes in installing and maintaining systems used for potable (drinking) water, sewage, drainage, venting, heating and air-conditioning, or industrial process plant piping. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Nickname: Location in Hampden County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Hampden Settled 1636 Incorporated 1852 Government - Type Mayor-council city - Mayor Charles Ryan (D) Area - Total 33. ...

Musical career

When Conrad Gauthier's troupe was missing a folk violinist for a performance, one of Bolduc's friends arranged for her to fill in for the absent performer. Gauthier was suitably impressed by her performance and asked her to return for subsequent productions. The family was always in need of money and the small income she earned this way was useful. Bolduc became a regular player with Gauthier's troupe by 1928, playing the violin or Jew's harp. Her work with them expanded to include other instrumental work and even some comic acting.^[1]

Bolduc was recommended by folk singer Ovila Légaré to musical producer Roméo Beaudry of the Compo Company.^[1] Beaudry signed musicians for French language recordings on the Starr Records label. Beaudry signed her to a recording contract to make four 78 rpm records, paying her $25 per side. She made her first recording in April of 1929, the French folk song Y'a longtemps que je couche par terre on side A, and an instramental reel on side B. The record was a commercial flop. Her next two recordings also had meagre sales.^[2] Compo Company Ltd. ... French (français, langue française) is one of the most important Romance languages, outnumbered in speakers only by Spanish and Portuguese. ... Categories: Record labels | Music stubs ... Manufacturers put records inside protective and decorative cardboard jackets and an inner paper sleeve to protect the grooves from dust and scratches. ... The reel is a folk dance type as well as the accompanying dance tune type. ...

Bolduc's second recording was released for Christmas of 1929. The first side had an original song of Bolduc's, La Cuisinière. Side B was an adaptation of an English folk song titled Johnny Monfarleau.^[1] The record sold more than twelve thousand copies, which was unprecedented in Quebec.^[3] Bolduc earned a total of $450 from the sales and became a household name in Quebec. With this success, Beaudry had Bolduc releasing a double-sided record every month. Bolduc recorded an additional four songs in January 1930.^[2] Nine more songs were recorded in April that year. By the end of 1930, she had recorded more than 30 songs. During this time, she collaborated on not less than fifty-six recordings of other artists. Most of these recordings did not credit her.^[2] Bolduc would sing accompaniments or play instruments for recordings by Juliette Béliveau, Eugène Daignault, Ovila Légaré, Alfred Montmarquette, Adélard St. Jean and possibly others.^[2] For other uses, see Christmas (disambiguation). ... Juliette BÃ©liveau in 1915 Juliette BÃ©liveau (October 28, 1889 â€“ August 26, 1975) was a French Canadian actress and singer, who starred in various radio and television comedies and dramas, as well as in theatre productions. ...

Bolduc's first headlining performance came in November of 1930, in Lachute, Quebec at a costume ball.^[1] The audience was extremely receptive to her music and she was inspired to start a show that would focus on her own songs. In March of 1931 she took an offer from a burlesque company at the Théâtre Arlequin de Québec to perform as their main act. From this, she embarked on a three month tour of Quebec with Juliette d'Argère.^[1] Starting in Hull, Quebec in May of 1931, they travelled western Quebec and Montreal, finishing in Sept-Îles in July.^[4] In 1931, her rising popularity increased the cost of her sheet music from four for one dollar to three for one dollar.^[2] Lachute, is a town in southwest Quebec, northwest of Montreal. ... For other uses, see Burlesque (disambiguation). ... Hull, QuÃ©bec, as seen from Ottawa Hull is part of the city of Gatineau, Quebec, Canada. ... Sept-ÃŽles (French for Seven Islands) or Uashat is a city in the CÃ´te-Nord region of eastern Quebec, Canada. ...

Bolduc formed her own touring troupe in 1932, named La Troupe du bon vieux temps.^[1] She hired Jean Grimaldi to direct the tours.^[4] The performances contained elements of both vaudeville and traditional folk music. Their first tours were around the Montreal area, and from August through December of 1932 they gave fifty shows. The tours were a great success in Quebec with Bolduc earning $2000 from her first tour, compared to $500 - $1000 annually she got from royalties.^[4] The troupe went on a tour of New England from April through June of 1934, and a second tour of New England that autumn. They toured across Quebec, and in 1935 toured the French speaking areas of northern Ontario.^[4] They would take additional tours of New England in 1937 and 1939. This article is about the musical variety theatre. ... This article is about the region in the United States of America. ... Franco-Ontarians (French: Franco-ontarien) are French Canadian or francophone residents of the Canadian province of Ontario. ...

As the 1930s progressed, Bolduc's record sales began to slump, but her income from touring remained good. Bolduc stuck to her folk music style as the record buying public turned increasingly to jazz and popular music.^[2] She produced eighteen records in 1930 and 10 in 1931, but with her declining sales she recorded nothing from July of 1932 until she released a single album in March of 1935,^[4] and then four more in 1936.^[2] In 1936, the family was able to afford a nanny to attend to the children while Bolduc toured.^[1] For other article subjects named Jazz see jazz (disambiguation). ... For the music genre, see Pop music. ... A nanny is a person who looks after the child or children of one family in their -- the childs -- home. ...

Beginning in 1935, her daughter Denise would appear with her as a pianist.^[2] Other children occasionally appeared as backup singers, and her daughter Lucienne recorded L'Enfant volé. Government of Canada image in the Public Domain on: http://www. ... Government of Canada image in the Public Domain on: http://www. ...

Bolduc was seriously injured in June of 1937 in Rivière-du-Loup, Quebec when her tour company's car was in a head-on collision. She suffered a broken leg, a broken nose and a concussion. She was sent to a hospital in Rimouski for treatment, where doctors discovered a cancerous tumour. She began radiation treatment at the Radium Institute in Montreal, and engaged in practically no musical endeavours at this point, making no stage appearances for a full year. Her insurance company refused to pay for her damages, notably her concussion which caused memory loss and loss of concentration, which prevented her from writing songs. The suit ended badly as Bolduc did not use banks and had no record of her income to prove loss of income. Of her total damages and lost income, Bolduc recovered on $1500.^[1] RiviÃ¨re-du-Loup (pop. ... For the town in the Republic of Ireland, see Hospital, County Limerick. ... Rimouski Ville (city) on the western part of Gaspé Peninsula in eastern Quebec, on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River. ... Tumor (American English) or tumour (British English) originally means swelling, and is sometimes still used with that meaning. ...

Bolduc began limited touring again in the summer of 1938, only in the Montreal area.^[1] She made a radio broadcast in January of 1939, and made two recordings in February of 1939. One of those songs, Les Souffrances de mon accident (French "The sufferings of my accident") was on her accident.^[2] She died of cancer on February 20, 1941 in Montreal and was buried in the Cimetière Notre-Dame-des-Neiges.^[5] is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1941 (disambiguation). ... Front entrance, CimetiÃ¨re Notre-Dame-des-Neiges Founded in 1854, CimetiÃ¨re Notre-Dame-des-Neiges is a 343-acre (1. ...

Musical style

Bolduc never had any formal music lessons, and developed her own style under the influence of her father's teaching and the musical traditions of Irish folk music and Québécois folk tunes.^[1] Her songs tended to be happy and comical with lively rhythms.^[1] Her self-written songs often used existing melodies from folk tunes or dances, combined with lyrics she wrote herself.^[6] For instance, she wrote the song Les Cinq Jumelles about the Dionne Quintuplets, which was set to the tune of "Little Brown Jug."^[2] In other cases, she would adopt popular contemporary American songs.^[6] Ireland is an island in the North Atlantic politically divided between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. ... Being a modern cosmopolitan society, today, all types of music can be found in the Canadian province of Quebec. ... Mitchell Hepburn with Dionne babies ca. ... Little Brown Jug is a song written in 1869 by Joseph Winner. ...

One technique often employed by Bolduc is the enumerative song, which lists something such as foods or tasks.^[6] This technique was traditional in French-Canadian folk songs, derived from similar French traditions. Bolduc also employed the traditional French folk song style of the dialgoue song, usually a duet with a man, where the song is a conversation or debate between the man and the woman.^[6] One such song was Mademoiselle, dites-moi donc, which she recorded with Ovila Légaré and featured the two of them bantering and flirting comedically. She often wrote in the style derived from traditional English broadside ballads, which tell current news to the tunes of traditional songs. One such song by Bolduc is La chanson du bavard, which notably employs an introduction inviting the listener to hear a tale, as is common in broadside ballads.^[6] Other topical ballads by Bolduc include Les Américains about Americans coming to Montreal during Prohibition to obtain liquor and the unrecorded Si je pouvais tenir Hitler which she wrote a few days after the outbreak of World War II.^[7] A broadside is the side of a ship; the battery of cannon on one side of a warship; or their simultaneous (or near simultaneous) fire in naval warfare. ... The term Prohibition, also known as A Dry Law, refers to a law in a certain country by which the manufacture, transportation, import, export, and sale of alcoholic beverages is restricted or illegal. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

Her music relied heavily upon the harmonica and the fiddle, the traditional instruments of reels in Quebec.^[6] Her singing also adopted a nasal style, and her pitch was relaxed, both of which are found traditionally. Her singing often featured turlutage, which is derived from Irish and Scottish musical traditions.^[6] Most often she employed this technique in reels, such as her song Reel turluté.

Her touring troupe La Troupe du bon vieux temps gave fairly consistent performances. Mary Bolduc opened the show with her newest songs.^[4] The troupe then performed comedy sketches, ensemble songs, folk songs and vaudeville routines. Most performances included a segment where amateurs would perform, sometimes for cash prizes. Bolduc would close with some of her newest or most topical songs.^[4]

Bolduc's lyrics are predominantly French, but frequently include a few words or lines in English.^[2] This was reflective of her Gaspé upbringing and her experiences in Montreal, where the two languages mingle.^[6] The recordings were marketed to working class francophone audiences, in small towns and rural areas where people had traditional values.^[2] The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... NASA satellite image of the GaspÃ© Peninsula. ...

Professional image

Singing and stage careers were not well regarded in Quebec society of the 1920s and 1930s, especially for women.^[4] To avoid gossip and to keep a good reputation, Bolduc was always credited under her married name Madame Édouard Bolduc, both at live performances and on recordings. She attempted to include her family in her activities as much as possible. Her husband Édouard accompanied her troupe on their 1932 and 1934 tours.^[4] Her eldest daughter Denise joined the troupe in 1935 as a pianist.

Recordings

Recordings of about 100 of her songs survive (many of those which do not survive were written for special occasions).^[1] Perhaps the best known today is "Si Vous Avez une Fille qui Veut se Marier" (If You Have a Daughter who Wants to get Married).

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Unrecorded original songs

Songs known to have been written and performed by Mary Bolduc but never recorded include:^[8]

Legacy

Some debate exists among historians as to whether Mary Bolduc or Félix Leclerc should be identified as Quebec's first singer/songwriter.^[9] Either way, both had significant influence on the development of Quebec's folk music culture from the 1930s onwards. Bolduc was the most widely known folk music singer of Quebec in the 1930s. Her humorous images of daily life, her realism in depicting the society of the time, and her satirical characters all appear in the work of subsequent singer/songwriters.^[9] Although it was received poorly by critics of the day, Bolduc's use of colloquialisms and working-class vocabulary influenced future musicians like Gilles Vigneault and Clémence Desrochers. Other Québécois musicians with notable influences from Bolduc include Oscar Thiffault, whose style was descended from Bolduc,^[9] André Gagnon, whose composition Les Turluteries is based on Bolduc's use of Turlutage,^[9] and Robert Charlebois, who also sang in the dual French Canadian and English derived style and used the everyday slang of Quebec.^[9] FÃ©lix Leclerc (July 1957) FÃ©lix Leclerc (August 2, 1914-August 8, 1988) was a French-Canadian folk singer, poet, writer, actor and QuÃ©bÃ©cois political activist. ... Gilles Vigneault (born 27 October 1928) is a poet, publisher and singer-songwriter from Quebec, and well-known Quebec nationalist and sovereigntist. ... AndrÃ© Gagnon O.C. (born 1 August 1942 in St-PacÃ´me-de-Kamouraska, Quebec, Canada) is a Canadian musician. ... Robert Charlebois (born June 25, 1944) is a Canadian author, composer, musician, performer and actor. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ...

On August 12, 1994, a stamp was released that honoured her with her portrait on a Canadian postage stamp.^[10] The stamp was designed by Pierre Fontaine based on images from Bernard Leduc. Seven and a half million copies were printed. The same year, a park was created in her hometown of Newport named Mary Travers Park.^[11] is the 224th day of the year (225th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ... This is a list of notables on stamps of Canada. ...

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r La Bolduc -- "The Queen of Canadian Folksingers". Collections Canada (2005-07-18). Retrieved on 2007-10-26.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l La Bolduc -- Recording Career. Collections Canada (2005-7-18). Retrieved on 2007-10-27.
^ La Bolduc (Mary Travers). Collections Canada (2005-04-12). Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ La Bolduc -- Concert Career. Collections Canada (2005-07-18). Retrieved on 2007-10-27.
^ Philippe Laframboise. Bolduc, Madame. Encyclopedia of Music in Canada. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h La Bolduc -- A Musical Mirror of Canada's Heritage. Collections Canada (2005-07-18). Retrieved on 2007-10-29.
^ La Bolduc's Ballads -- A Sung Chronicle of Current Events in Quebec, 1930-1940. Collections Canada (2005-07-18). Retrieved on 2007-10-29.
^ ^a ^b ^c Discography. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e La Bolduc's Musical Impact -- An Early Chansonnière. Collections Canada (2005-07-18). Retrieved on 2007-10-29.
^ Mary Travers "La Bolduc". Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
^ Michel de Courval (1994-06-24). Tribute to Mary Travers, known as "La Bolduc". Heritage Canada. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
^ Mary Travers-Bolduc: Chansons (1927-1937). Audio-Visual Preservation Trust of Canada. Retrieved on 2007-12-16.

class="preview" id="pv313"> Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 199th day of the year (200th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 299th day of the year (300th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 102nd day of the year (103rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 199th day of the year (200th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 199th day of the year (200th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 302nd day of the year (303rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 199th day of the year (200th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 302nd day of the year (303rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 199th day of the year (200th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 302nd day of the year (303rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ... is the 175th day of the year (176th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 350th day of the year (351st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

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