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La Violencia (literally "The Violence", in Spanish) is a term that refers to an era of civil conflict in Colombia between supporters of the Colombian Liberal PartybobColombian Conservative Party, a conflict which took place roughly from 1948 to 1958 (exact dates vary). Colombian Armed Conflict or Colombian Civil War are terms that are employed to refer to the current low intensity conflict in Colombia that has existed since approximately 1964 or 1966, which was when the FARC and later the ELN were founded and subsequently started their guerrilla insurgency campaigns against successive...
Plan Colombia is a controversial initiative aimed at resolving the ongoing, fifty-year civil war in Colombia. ...
This article or section seems not to be written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopaedia entry. ...
According to the U.S. Department of State’s 2003 human rights report, Colombia’s human rights record, despite significant improvements by police and military forces in some areas, remained poor. ...
Colombias Ministry of Defense, charged with the countrys internal and external defense and security, has an Army, Navy (which includes both marines and coast guard) Air Force, and National Police under the leadership of a civilian Minister of Defense. ...
The Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia–Ejército del Pueblo or FARC-EP (Spanish for Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia–Peoples Army) is Colombias oldest and largest guerrilla group, established in 1964-1966 as the military wing of the Colombian Communist Party. ...
Ejército de Liberación Nacional (usually abbreviated to ELN), or National Liberation Army, is a revolutionary, Marxist, insurgent guerrilla group that has been operating in several regions of Colombia since 1964. ...
The Popular Liberation Army, EPL (Ejército de Liberación Nacional), is a Colombian guerrilla group created in 1967. ...
Paramilitarism in Colombia refers to the origin and development of paramilitary groups in Colombia during the 20th century. ...
The AUCs logo The United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia, or AUC, in Spanish), were formed in April 1997 as an umbrella paramilitary federation seeking to consolidate many local and regional paramilitary groups in Colombia, each intending to protect different local economic, social and political...
The Alianza Americana Anticomunista (Anticommunist American Alliance aka Triple A) was a state terrorism and paramilitary far-right group mainly operating in Colombia during 1978 and 1979. ...
The 19th of April Movement, Movimiento 19 de Abril or M-19, was a Colombian guerrilla movement that traced its origins to the allegedly fraudulent presidential elections of April 19, 1970. ...
The Peasant Student Workers Movement (in Spanish: Movimiento Obrero Estudiantil Campesino) was a leftist group in Colombia. ...
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The Santa Marta Massacre, in Spanish, matanza de las bananeras[1] was a massacre of workers for the United Fruit Company that occurred on December 6, 1928 in the town of Cienaga near Santa Marta, Colombia. ...
Marquetalia Republic was a term used to unofficially refer to one of the enclaves in rural Colombia which Communist peasant guerrillas held during the aftermath of La Violencia (aprox. ...
The Dominican embassy siege was the 1980 siege of the embassy of the Dominican Republic by M-19 guerrillas in Bogotá, Colombia. ...
The Palace of Justice siege was a 1985 attack against the Supreme Court of Colombia, in which members of the M-19 guerrilla group took over the Palace of Justice in Bogotá, Colombia, and held the Supreme Court hostage, intending to hold a trial against Colombian President Belisario Betancur. ...
The Unión Patriótica, Patriotic Union (UP), was a leftist Colombian political party founded by the FARC in 1985, as part of the peace negotiations that the guerrillas held with the Belisario Betancur administration. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
The FARC-Government peace process (1999-2002), from January 7, 1999 to February 20, 2002, was a failed peace process between the Government of President Andres Pastrana and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) guerrilla group in an effort to bring to an end the ongoing Colombian Armed Conflict. ...
The Bojayá Massacre ocurred in May 2, 2002 in the Colombian town of Bojayá, in Chocó province. ...
The Colombian parapolitics scandal or parapolitica in Spanish (from the term Parapolitics), also known in the English-speaking press as the paragate (from the Watergate scandal), refers to the 2006 - present Colombian congressional scandal in which several congressmen and other politicians have been indicted for suspicions of colluding with the...
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Drummond Company is a privately owned companey based in Birmingham, Alabama, United States, involved in the mining and processing of coal and coal products. ...
The Colombian Conservative Party (Spanish: Partido Conservador Colombiano), is a conservative right wing / center right Colombian political party. ...
Politics of Colombia Categories: Politics stubs | Liberal related stubs | Colombian political parties | Liberal parties ...
The Colombian Communist Party is the legal Communist party of Colombia. ...
The Clandestine Colombian Communist Party (in Spanish: Partido Comunista Colombiano Clandestino) is an underground communist party in Colombia. ...
Politics of Colombia Categories: Politics stubs | Liberal related stubs | Colombian political parties | Liberal parties ...
The Colombian Conservative Party (Spanish: Partido Conservador Colombiano), is a conservative right wing / center right Colombian political party. ...
1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ...
Year 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Origins The assassination of Jorge Eliécer Gaitán in 1948 triggered large riots in Bogotá and smaller scale uprisings throughout the country. This would mark the beginning of "La Violencia", a period of intense bipartisan conflict that would cost an estimated 180,000 to 300,000 Colombian lives over the next decade.[1][2][3] Jorge Eliécer Gaitán (January 23, 1903 - April 9, 1948) was a politician, a leader of a populist movement in Colombia, a former Education Minister (1940) and Labor Minister (1943-1944), mayor of Bogotá (1936) and chief of the Colombian Liberal Party (1947-1948). ...
Alternate origins Some historians disagree about the dates: some argue it started in 1946 when the Conservatives came back into government, because at a local level the leadership of the police forces and town councils changed hands, encouraging Conservative peasants to seize land from Liberal peasants and setting off a new wave of bi-partisan violence in the countryside. But traditionally, most historians argue that La Violencia began with the death of Jorge Eliécer Gaitán.[1] Jorge Eliécer Gaitán (January 23, 1903 - April 9, 1948) was a politician, a leader of a populist movement in Colombia, a former Education Minister (1940) and Labor Minister (1943-1944), mayor of Bogotá (1936) and chief of the Colombian Liberal Party (1947-1948). ...
Development During "La Violencia", several members of the Colombian Liberal Party and of the Colombian Communist Party organized self-defense groups and guerrilla units, which fought both against those of the Colombian Conservative Party and among each other. Politics of Colombia Categories: Politics stubs | Liberal related stubs | Colombian political parties | Liberal parties ...
The Colombian Communist Party is the legal Communist party of Colombia. ...
The Colombian Conservative Party (Spanish: Partido Conservador Colombiano), is a conservative right wing / center right Colombian political party. ...
End A minority of these groups did not demobilize during the amnesty declared by General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla after he took power in 1953. Gustavo Rojas Pinilla was a former military dictator (1953-1957) and Colombian political figure, as well as a former 1966 and 1970 presidential candidate on behalf of the National Popular Alliance, Alianza Nacional Popular, (ANAPO). ...
When Rojas was removed from power in 1958, civilian rule was restored after moderate Conservatives and Liberals, with the support of dissident sectors of the military, agreed to unite under a bipartisan coalition known as the National Front, which included a system of presidential alternation and powersharing both in cabinets and public offices. The name National Front, is used by a number of political parties and coalitions. ...
Historical Interpretations From the point of view of members of the FARC and the Colombian Communist Party, the Liberal and Conservative elites, though they had instigated the violence, soon grew to fear the consequences of it, and thus formed a loose alliance to preserve their shared desire for political hegemony from possible revolutionary challenges. The Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia–Ejército del Pueblo or FARC-EP (Spanish for Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia–Peoples Army) is Colombias oldest and largest guerrilla group, established in 1964-1966 as the military wing of the Colombian Communist Party. ...
The Colombian Communist Party is the legal Communist party of Colombia. ...
Notes - ^ a b Livingstone, Grace; (Forward by Pearce,Jenny) (2004). Inside Colombia: Drugs, Democracy, and War. Rutgers University Press, p. 42. ISBN 0-8135-3443-7.
- ^ Stokes, Doug (2005). America's Other War : Terrorizing Colombia. Zed Books. ISBN 1-84277-547-2. p. 68, Both Livingstone and Stokes quote a figure of 200,000 dead between 1948-1953 (Livingstone) and "a decade war" (Stokes)
*Azcarate, Camilo A. (March 1999). "Psychosocial Dynamics of the Armed Conflict in Colombia". Online Journal of Peace and Conflict Resolution. Azcarate quotes a figure of 300,000 dead between 1948-1959
*Gutierrez, Pedro Ruz (October 31 1999). "Bullets, Bloodshed And Ballots;For Generations, Violence Has Defined Colombia's Turbulent Political History". Orlando Sentinel (Florida): G1. Political violence is not new to that South American nation of 38 million people. In the past 100 years, more than 500,000 Colombians have died in it. From the "War of the Thousand Days," a civil war at the turn of the century that left 100,000 dead, to a partisan clash between 1948 and 1966 that claimed nearly 300,000... - ^ Bergquist, Charles; David J. Robinson (1997-2005). Colombia. Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 2005. Microsoft Corporation. Retrieved on April 16, 2006.On April 9, 1948, Gaitán was assassinated outside his law offices in downtown Bogotá. The assassination marked the start of a decade of bloodshed, called La Violencia (the violence), which took the lives of an estimated 180,000 Colombians before it subsided in 1958.
April 16 is the 106th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (107th in leap years). ...
For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...
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Marquetalia Republic was a term used to unofficially refer to one of the enclaves in rural Colombia which Communist peasant guerrillas held during the aftermath of La Violencia (aprox. ...
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