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the Netherlands

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of the Netherlands Politics, sometimes defined as the art and science of government. ... Image File history File links Coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands. ... Politics of the Netherlands takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democracy and a constitutional monarchy, where the prime minister of the Netherlands is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system with about 15 parties at national elections. ...

Kingdom of the Netherlands Constitution Monarchy Queen Beatrix Cabinet Present cabinet Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende Parliament First Chamber Second Chamber Political parties Elections Council of State Supreme Court EU Politics Drugs policy Foreign relations Terminology

See also History of the_Netherlands

The Netherlands have been an independent monarchy since March 16, 1815, and have been governed by members of the House of Orange-Nassau since. ... Beatrix of the Netherlands (Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard van Oranje-Nassau) (born January 31, 1938), is the Queen of the Netherlands and a princess of Orange-Nassau and Lippe-Biesterfeld. ... The cabinet of the Netherlands or council of ministers plans and implements government policy. ... The second cabinet of Jan Peter Balkenende has been in office in the Netherlands from May 27, 2003. ... The Prime Minister of the Netherlands (Minister-President in Dutch) is the chairman of the council of ministers and active executive authority of the Dutch government. ... (L to R): Silvio Berlusconi, Romano Prodi, António Vitorino and Jan Peter Balkenende. ... The Estates-General (Staten-Generaal) is the parliament of the Netherlands. ... The Eerste Kamer (literally First Chamber in Dutch) is the Upper House or Senate of the Netherlands parliament, the States-General. ... The Tweede Kamer (second chamber) is the lower house of the Staten-Generaal, the parliament in the Netherlands. ... This article lists political parties in the Netherlands. ... Elections in the Netherlands gives information on election and election results in the Netherlands. ... In the Netherlands, the Council of State is a constitutionally established advisory body to the government which consists of members of the royal family and Crown-appointed members generally having political, commercial, diplomatic, or military experience. ... Hoge Raad der Nederlanden is the Supreme Court of the Netherlands, situated in The Hague. ... The European Union or EU is a supranational and intergovernmental union of 25 European states. ... Image File history File links European_flag. ... The drug policy of the Netherlands is based on two principles: Drug use is a public health issue, not a criminal matter A distinction between hard drugs and soft drugs exists It is a pragmatic policy. ... The Netherlands abandoned its traditional policy of neutrality after World War II. The Dutch have since become engaged participants in international affairs. ... There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ... The Conspiracy of Julius Civilis, completed in 1661 by Rembrandt, the best-known painter of the Dutch Golden Age. ...

The Labour Party (in Dutch: Partij van de Arbeid, PvdA) is a Dutch social-democratic political party. The PvdA is one of the major parties of the Netherlands. Social democracy is a political ideology that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries from supporters of Marxism. ... A political party is an organization that seeks to attain political power within a government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns. ...

Party History

1945-1965

The PvdA was formed on February 9, 1946, as a merger of three parties: the socialist SDAP, the minor left-liberal VDB and the marginal social-protestant CDU. They were joined by individuals from catholic resistance group Christofor, the protestant-christian parties CHU and ARP. The founders wanted to found a broad people's party to break with historic tradition of pillarization. The party combined socialist ideals with liberal, religious and humanist ideas. The party was unable to break pillarization. Instead the PvdA renewed the close links the SDAP had with other socialist organisations (see linked organisations). Some liberal members left the PvdA in 1948, because they were unhappy with the socialist course of the PvdA. Together with the liberal conservative Partij van de Vrijheid, they formed the liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD). Image File history File links Logo_pvda. ... February 9 is the 40th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Social Democratic Labour Party (in Dutch: Sociaal-Democratische Arbeiders Partij), a political party which exisited between 1894 and 1945. ... Look up liberal on Wiktionary, the free dictionary Liberal may refer to: Politics: Liberalism American liberalism, a political trend in the USA Political progressivism, a political ideology that is for change, often associated with liberal movements Liberty, the condition of being free from control or restrictions Liberal Party, members of... Categories: Politics stubs | Liberal related stubs | Historical liberal parties | Netherlands political parties ... Christian socialism generally refers to those on the Christian left whose politics are both Christian and socialist and who see these two things as being interconnected, perhaps because one derives from the other. ... The Christian-Democratic Union (dutch: Christen-Democratische Unie) was a minor christian left party in the Netherlands in the interbellum. ... Yugoslav partisans entering Belgrade, October, 1944. ... The Christian-Historical Union (CHU) was a Dutch Protestant party. ... The Anti-Revolutionaire Partij (Dutch for Anti Revolutionary Party) was the first Dutch political party. ... Pillarization is a term used to describe the way their dutch and belgians dealt with the multicultural societies. ... The Labour Party (in Dutch: Partij van de Arbeid, PvdA) is a Dutch social-democratic political party. ... 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ... The Freedom Party (in Dutch: Party van de Vrijheid, PvdV) was a short lived dutch liberal political party. ... The Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy (Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie; VVD) is the Dutch right-wing liberal party. ...

Between 1946 and 1958 the PvdA formed coalition governments with the catholic KVP, and combinations of VVD, ARP and CHU. The KVP and the PvdA together had a large majority in parliament. Since 1948 these cabinets were lead by PvdA-prime minister Willem Drees. Under his leadership the Netherlands recovered from the war, began to build its welfare state, and Indonesia became independent. 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Katholieke Volkspartij (in English: Catholic Peoples Party; abbreviated as KVP) was a Catholic Christian-democratic Dutch political party. ... Prime Minister of the Netherlands Willem Drees (July 5, 1886-May 14, 1988) was a Dutch politician, prime minister of the Netherlands from 1948 until 1958, as a member of the social-democratic Dutch Labour Party (PvdA). ... It has been suggested that Welfare capitalism be merged into this article or section. ...

After the cabinet crisis of 1958 the PvdA was replaced by the VVD. The PvdA was in opposition until 1965. The electoral support of PvdA voters began to decline. 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ...

1965-1989

In 1965 a conflict in the KVP-ARP-CHU-VVD made continuation of the government impossible. The three confessional parties turned towards the PvdA. Together they formed the Cabinet Cals. This cabinet was also short lived and conflictridden. The conflicts culminated in the fall of the cabinet Cals over financial policy.

Meanwhile a younger generation was attempting to gain control of the PvdA. A group of young PvdA-members, calling themselves New Left, changed the party. The New Left wanted to reform the PvdA: the party should become oriented towards the new social movements, adopting their anti-parliamentary strategies and their issues, such as women's liberation, environmental conservation and Third World development. Prominent New Left members were Jan Nagel, Andre van der Louw and Bram Peper. One of their early victories followed the fall of the cabinet-Cals. The party congress adopted a motion that made it impossible for the PvdA to govern with the KVP and its protestant allies. In response to the growing power of the New Left group, a group of older, centrist party members, led by Willem Drees' son, Willem Drees Junior founded the New Right. In 1970 it was clear that they lost the conflict within the party and they left, founding the Democratic Socialists '70 party. Feminism is a body of social theory and political movement primarily based on and motivated by the experiences of women. ... An environment is a complex of external factors. ... For the Jamaican reggae band, see Third World (band). ... Johan George (Jan) Nagel (Amsterdam, June 20, 1939) is a former Dutch politician. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ... Democratisch Socialisten 70 (abbreviated DS70) is a former Dutch social-democratic political party. ...

Under the New Left the PvdA started a strategy of polarization, striving for a cabinet based on a progressive majority in parliament. In order to form that cabinet the PvdA allied itself with the left-liberal D66 and the radical christian PPR. The alliance was called the Progressive Accord (PAK). In 1971 and 1972 these three parties promised to form a cabinet with a radical common program after the elections. They were unable to gain a majority in both elections. In 1971 they were kept out of cabinet, and the party of former PvdA-members, DS70, became a partner of the Biesheuvel cabinet. Democraten 66 (D66), is a social liberal party in the Netherlands. ... The Political Party of Radicals (PPR) was dutch leftwing political party. ... National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Catholic Peoples Party (Katholieke Volkspartij) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Ducth Middle Class Party (Nederlandse Middenstandspartij) Democratic Socialist 1970 (Democratisch Socialisten 1970), secession of the Labour Party Democrats 66 (Democraten 66... National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Catholic Peoples Party (Katholieke Volkspartij) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Democratic Socialist 1970 (Democratisch Socialisten 1970) Democrats 66 (Democraten 66) Farmers Party (Boerenpartij) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) Pacifist Socialist...

In the 1972 elections neither the PvdA and its allies or the KVP and its allies were unable to gain a majority. The two sides were forced to work together. Joop den Uyl, leader of the PvdA, led the cabinet. The cabinet was an extraparliamentair kabinet and it was composed of members of the three progressive parties and members of the KVP and the ARP. The cabinet attempted to radically reform government, society and the economy, but it faced economic decline and was riddled with personal and ideological conflicts. Especially, the relationship between prime-minister Den Uyl and the KVP vice-prime minister, Van Agt was very problematic. The conflict culminated just before the 1977 elections, the cabinet fell. The 1977 elections were won by the PvdA, but the ideological and personal conflict between Van Agt and Den Uyl prevented the formation of a new centre-left cabinet. After very long cabinet-formation talks the CDA, a new christian-democratic political formation composed of KVP, CHU and ARP, formed government with the VVD, based on a very narrow majority. The PvdA was left in opposition. Prime Minister of the Netherlands Dr. Johannes Marten Joop den Uyl (August 9, 1919 - December 24, 1987) was a Dutch politician, prime minister of the Netherlands from 1973 until 1977, as a member of the socialist PvdA party. ... There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ... Prime Minister of the Netherlands Andreas Antonius Maria Dries van Agt (born February 2, 1931) is a Dutch politician, the prime minister of the Netherlands from 1977 until 1982, as a member of the Christian Democratic CDA party. ... For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ... National summary Parties Christian Democratic Appeal (Christen-Democratisch Appèl), merger of Catholic Peoples Party, Anti Revolutionary Party and Christian Historical Union Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Democratic Socialist 1970 (Democratisch Socialisten 1970) Democrats 66 (Democraten 66) Farmers Party (Boerenpartij) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid... The Christen Democratisch Appèl (Abbriviated: CDA, English: Christian-Democratic Appeal) is a Dutch christian-democratic political party. ...

In the 1981 elections the CDA-VVD lost their majority. The CDA remained the largest party but it was forced to cooperate with the PvdA and D66 (the PPR had left the alliance, after losing the 1977 elections). The new cabinet led by Van Agt saw Den Uyl returning to cabinet, now as vice-prime-minister. The personal and ideological conflict between Van Agt and Den Uyl culminated in the fall of the cabinet just months after it was formed. The VVD and the CDA regained their majority in the 1982 elections and retained it in the 1986 elections. The PvdA was left in opposition. During this period the party began to reform. In 1986 Den Uyl left politics, appointing former union leader Wim Kok as his successor. National summary Parties Christian Democratic Appeal (Christen-Democratisch Appèl) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Democrats 66 (Democraten 66) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) Pacifist Socialist Party (Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij) Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy (Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie) Political Party Radicals (Politieke... National summary Parties Center Party (Centrumpartij) Christian Democratic Appeal (Christen-Democratisch Appèl) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Democrats 66 (Democraten 66) Evangelical Peoples Party (Evangelische Volkspartij), secession of former Anti Revolutionary Party Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) Pacifist Socialist Party (Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij) People... National summary Parties Christian Democratic Appeal (Christen-Democratisch Appèl) Democrats 66 (Democraten 66) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) Pacifist Socialist Party (Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij) Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy (Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie) Political Party Radicals (Politieke Partij Radicalen) Political Reformed Party (Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Prime Minister of the Netherlands Wim Kok (born September 29, 1938) was Prime Minister of The Netherlands from 1994 until 2002. ...

1989-now

Wim Kok, party leader between 1986 and 2002

After the 1989 elections the PvdA returned to cabinet together with the CDA. Kok became vice-prime-minister to CDA-leader Lubbers. The PvdA accepted the major economic reforms the previous Lubbers cabinets made, including privatization of public enterprises and reform of the welfare state. They continued these policies in this cabinet. The cabinet faced heavy protest from the unions and saw major political conflict within the PvdA itself. Wim Kok of the Netherlands (govt photo) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Wim Kok of the Netherlands (govt photo) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... National summary Parties Christian Democratic Appeal (Christen-Democratisch Appèl) Democrats 66 (Democraten 66) Green Left (GroenLinks), merger of Political Party Radicals, Pacifist Socialist Party, Communist Party of the Netherlands and Evangelical Peoples Party Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) List Janmaat-Center Democrats (Lijst Janmaat-Centrumdemocraten), secession of... Rudolphus Franciscus Marie Lubbers or Ruud Lubbers (born May 7, 1939) was the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, from 2001 until February 20, 2005, when he resigned because of continuous press attention about an allegation of sexual harassment. ... Privatization (sometimes privatisation, denationalization, or, especially in India, disinvestment) is the process of transferring property from public ownership to private ownership and/or transferring the management of a service or activity from the government to the private sector. ...

In the 1994 elections the PvdA and CDA coalition lost its majority in parliament. The PvdA however emerged as the biggest party. Kok formed a government together with the right-liberal VVD and left-liberal D66. The so-called purple government was political novum, because the Christian-Democrats had been in government since 1918. The cabinet continued the economic reforms, but combined this with a progressive outlook on ethical questions and promises of political reform. Kok became very popular prime minister. Kok was not a partisan figure, but combined successful technocratic policy with the charisma of a national leader. In the 1998 elections the cabinet was rewarded for its stewardship of the economy. The PvdA and the VVD increased their seats, at the cost of D66. National summary Parties Center Democrats (Centrumdemocraten) Christian Democratic Appeal (Christen-Democratisch Appèl) Democrats 66 (Democraten 66) General Elderly Peoples League (Algemeen Ouderenverbond) Green Left (GroenLinks) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy (Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie) Political Reformed Party (Staatkundig Gereformeerde... Paars is the Dutch word for purple, but it carries a much broader meaning within the modern political history of the Netherlands. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Technocracy is an organizational system in which decision makers and political leaders are selected on the basis of technological knowledge —often because of some conflict or competition where technological escalation is a constant feature. ... National summary Parties Christian Democratic Appeal (Christen-Democratisch Appèl) Democrats 66 (Democraten 66) Green Left (GroenLinks) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy (Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie) Political Reformed Party (Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij) Reformatorian Political Federation (Reformatorische Politieke Federatie) Reformed Political Alliance...

The PvdA excepted to perform very well in the 2002 elections. Kok left politics leaving the leadership of the party to his crown prince Ad Melkert. But political rise of Pim Fortuyn frustrated these hopes. The PvdA lost the 2002 elections, and fell from 45 seats to 23. The loss was blamed on the uncharismatic new leader Melkert, the perceived arrogance of the PvdA and the inability to answer to the new issues, especially migration and integration, Fortuyn raised. Melkert resigned as party leader and was replaced by Jeltje van Nieuwenhoven. The PvdA was kept out of cabinet. The government formed by CDA, VVD and the LPF fell after a very short period. Elections in the Netherlands for the Tweede Kamer of Parliament Introduction The Dutch general election of 2002, held on May 15, 2002 was completely focused on the assassination of populist leader Pim Fortuyn, who questioned all forms of policies undertaken by the “purple cabinet” of Wim Kok. ... Ad Melkert (1956) is a Dutch politician and an Executive Director of the World Bank. ... Wilhelmus Simon Petrus Fortuijn, known as Pim Fortuyn (surname pronounced somewhat like for-TOYN, IPA: ), (February 19, 1948 Velsen, North Holland, The Netherlands – May 6, 2002 Hilversum, North Holland, The Netherlands), was a controversial, openly gay, charismatic politician in the Netherlands who formed his own party Lijst Pim Fortuyn (List... This article is about non-human migration. ... Integration may be any of the following: In the most general sense, integration may be any bringing together of things: the integration of two or more economies, cultures, religions (usually called syncretism), etc. ... Lijst Pim Fortuyn (List Pim Fortuyn) is a political party in the Netherlands. ...

PvdA activists in a demonstration (October 2004)

Meanwhile Wouter Bos, staatssecretaris in the second purple cabinet, was elected leader of the PvdA in a referendum among PvdA-members. He started to democratize the party organization and began an ideological reorientation. In the 2003 elections, Wouter Bos managed to regain almost all seats lost in the previous election, and the PvdA was once again the second-largest party of the Netherlands, only slightly smaller than the CDA. Personal and ideological conflicts between Bos and the CDA-leader Balkenende prevented the formation of a CDA-PvdA cabinet. Instead the PvdA was kept out of government by the formation of cabinet of the CDA, the VVD and former PvdA-ally D66. In the 2006 municipal elections the renewed PvdA preformed exceptionally well. The PvdA became by far the largest party nationally, while the three governing parties lost a considerable number of seats in municipal councils. It is generally expected that the PvdA will perform as well in the upcoming 2007 elections. Download high resolution version (1760x1168, 269 KB)activists from Labour Party (Netherlands) in a demonstration, 2004-10-02. ... Download high resolution version (1760x1168, 269 KB)activists from Labour Party (Netherlands) in a demonstration, 2004-10-02. ... Wouter Bos (born July 14, 1963) is a Dutch politician who is currently leader of the Dutch Labour Party (PvdA) and member of parliament. ... There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ... The second cabinet of the Netherlands to be headed by Prime Minister Wim Kok. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... (L to R): Silvio Berlusconi, Romano Prodi, António Vitorino and Jan Peter Balkenende. ... Posters of political parties of the 2006 municipal elections in Delft The Dutch municipal elections of 2006 were held on March 7, 2006. ... Elections in the Netherlands for the Tweede Kamer of Parliament The next Dutch general election is scheduled to be held on May 16, 2007. ...

Ideology & Issues

The PvdA started out as a traditional social-democratic party, committed to building a welfare state. During the 1970s it radicalized its program and included new issues, such as women's liberation, environmental conservation and Third World development. During the 1990s it moderated its program, including reform of the welfare state and privatization of public enterprise. In 2005 it adopted a new program of principals, showing that the party is committed to a centre-left ideology. Its core issues are employment, social welfare, and investing in education, public safety and health care. Social democracy is a political ideology emerging in the late 19th and early 20th centuries from supporters of Marxism who believed that the transition to a socialist society could be achieved through democratic evolutionary rather than revolutionary means. ... It has been suggested that Welfare capitalism be merged into this article or section. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ... This article is about the year. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Employment is a contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. ... ... This is an article about the modern meaning of the term public safety. ... Health care or healthcare is the prevention, treatment, and management of illness and the preservation of mental and physical well-being through the services offered by the medical, nursing, and allied health professions [1]. The organised provision of such services may constitute a healthcare system. ...

Representation

Leadership

Chairman of the Lower House parliamentary party There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ...

2002-now Wouter Bos

2002- Jeltje van Nieuwenhoven (ad interim)

1998-2002 Ad Melkert

1994-1998 Jacques Wallage

1989-1994 Thijs Wöltgens

1986-1989 Wim Kok

1982-1986 Joop Den Uyl

1981-1982 Wim Meijer

1977-1981 Joop Den Uyl

1973-1977 Ed van Thijn

1967-1973 Joop Den Uyl

1965-1967 Gerard Nederhorst

1952-1962 Jaap Burger

1951-1952 Leendert Donker

1946-1951 Marinus van der Goes van Naters

Lijsttrekker Wouter Bos (born July 14, 1963) is a Dutch politician who is currently leader of the Dutch Labour Party (PvdA) and member of parliament. ... Ad Melkert (1956) is a Dutch politician and an Executive Director of the World Bank. ... Jacques Wallage (born September 27, 1946) is a Jewish Dutch politician. ... Prime Minister of the Netherlands Wim Kok (born September 29, 1938) was Prime Minister of The Netherlands from 1994 until 2002. ... Jonkheer Marinus van der Goes van Naters (born December 21, 1900) is a Dutch politician. ... There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ...

2003 Wouter Bos

2002 Ad Melkert

1998 Wim Kok

1994 Wim Kok

1989 Wim Kok

1986 Joop den Uyl

1982 Joop den Uyl

1977 Joop den Uyl

1972 Joop den Uyl

1971 Joop den Uyl

1967 Joop den Uyl

1963 Ko Suurhoff, Anne Vondeling and Joan Willems

1959 Jaap Burger, H.J. Hofstra, Ivo Samkalden, Ko Suurhoff, Anne Vondeling and Joan Willems

1956 Willem Drees

1952 Willem Drees

1948 Willem Drees, Marinus van der Goes van Naters, Dolf Joekes, Piet Lieftinck, Sicco Mansholt, Willem Schermerhorn, Koos Vorrink and Hein Vos

1946 Willem Drees, Jaap Burger, Marinus van der Goes van Naters, Dolf Joekes, Piet Lieftinck, Sicco Mansholt, Willem Schermerhorn, Koos Vorrink and Hein Vos

Prime Ministers Sicco Leendert Mansholt (September 13, 1908 - June 29/30, 1995) was the president of the European Commission in 1972. ... Prime Minister of the Netherlands Willem Schermerhorn (December 17, 1894 - March 11, 1977) was Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1945 until 1946. ... Jacobus Jan Vorrink, better known as Koos Vorrink (June 7, 1891 - July 19, 1955), was a charismatic socialist leader in The Netherlands. ... The Prime Minister of the Netherlands (Minister-President in Dutch) is the chairman of the council of ministers and active executive authority of the Dutch government. ...

1994-1998 Wim Kok

1973-1977 Joop den Uyl

1948-1959 Willem Drees

1946-1948 Willem Schermerhorn

Members of the Lower House of Parliament

Development of the number of seats in the Lower House, of the 150 available between 1956 and now and 100 before 1956:

2003 - 42

2002 - 23

1998 - 45

1994 - 37

1989 - 49

1986 - 52

1982 - 47

1981 - 44

1977 - 53

1973 - 43

1971 - 39

1967 - 37

1963 - 43

1959 - 48

1956 - 34

1952 - 30

1948 - 27

1946 - 29

After the 2003 elections the party has 42 representatives in the lower house of parliament: Introduction The Dutch general election of 2003 held on January 22, 2003 was held after the fall of the first Balkenende cabinet on October 16, 2002. ... Elections in the Netherlands for the Tweede Kamer of Parliament Introduction The Dutch general election of 2002, held on May 15, 2002 was completely focused on the assassination of populist leader Pim Fortuyn, who questioned all forms of policies undertaken by the “purple cabinet” of Wim Kok. ... National summary Parties Christian Democratic Appeal (Christen-Democratisch Appèl) Democrats 66 (Democraten 66) Green Left (GroenLinks) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy (Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie) Political Reformed Party (Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij) Reformatorian Political Federation (Reformatorische Politieke Federatie) Reformed Political Alliance... National summary Parties Center Democrats (Centrumdemocraten) Christian Democratic Appeal (Christen-Democratisch Appèl) Democrats 66 (Democraten 66) General Elderly Peoples League (Algemeen Ouderenverbond) Green Left (GroenLinks) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy (Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie) Political Reformed Party (Staatkundig Gereformeerde... National summary Parties Christian Democratic Appeal (Christen-Democratisch Appèl) Democrats 66 (Democraten 66) Green Left (GroenLinks), merger of Political Party Radicals, Pacifist Socialist Party, Communist Party of the Netherlands and Evangelical Peoples Party Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) List Janmaat-Center Democrats (Lijst Janmaat-Centrumdemocraten), secession of... National summary Parties Christian Democratic Appeal (Christen-Democratisch Appèl) Democrats 66 (Democraten 66) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) Pacifist Socialist Party (Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij) Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy (Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie) Political Party Radicals (Politieke Partij Radicalen) Political Reformed Party (Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij... National summary Parties Center Party (Centrumpartij) Christian Democratic Appeal (Christen-Democratisch Appèl) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Democrats 66 (Democraten 66) Evangelical Peoples Party (Evangelische Volkspartij), secession of former Anti Revolutionary Party Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) Pacifist Socialist Party (Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij) People... National summary Parties Christian Democratic Appeal (Christen-Democratisch Appèl) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Democrats 66 (Democraten 66) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) Pacifist Socialist Party (Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij) Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy (Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie) Political Party Radicals (Politieke... National summary Parties Christian Democratic Appeal (Christen-Democratisch Appèl), merger of Catholic Peoples Party, Anti Revolutionary Party and Christian Historical Union Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Democratic Socialist 1970 (Democratisch Socialisten 1970) Democrats 66 (Democraten 66) Farmers Party (Boerenpartij) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid... National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Catholic Peoples Party (Katholieke Volkspartij) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Democratic Socialist 1970 (Democratisch Socialisten 1970) Democrats 66 (Democraten 66) Farmers Party (Boerenpartij) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) Pacifist Socialist... National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Catholic Peoples Party (Katholieke Volkspartij) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Ducth Middle Class Party (Nederlandse Middenstandspartij) Democratic Socialist 1970 (Democratisch Socialisten 1970), secession of the Labour Party Democrats 66 (Democraten 66... National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Catholic Peoples Party (Katholieke Volkspartij) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Democrats 66 (Democraten 66) Farmers Party (Boerenpartij) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) Pacifist Socialist Party (Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij), secession of... National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Catholic Peoples Party (Katholieke Volkspartij) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) FarmersParty (Boerenpartij) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) Pacifist Socialist Party (Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij) Peoples Party for Freedom and... National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Catholic Peoples Party (Katholieke Volkspartij) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) Pacifist Socialist Party (Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij) Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy (Volkspartij voor... The number of seats in the Tweede Kamer was shortly after the elections enlarged to 150 seats National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Catholic Peoples Party (Katholieke Volkspartij) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Labour Party (Partij van... National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Catholic National Party (Katholieke Nationale Partij) Catholic Peoples Party (Katholieke Volkspartij) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy (Volkspartij voor... Elections in the Netherlands for the Tweede Kamer of Parliament National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Catholic National Party (Katholieke Nationale Partij) Catholic Peoples Party (Katholieke Volkspartij) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Labour Party (Partij van de... Introduction After the German occupation, the party system changed by mergers and reorganisations National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland), a continuation of the Communist Party of Holland Freedom party (Partij voor de Vrijheid... The Tweede Kamer (second chamber) is the lower house of the Staten-Generaal, the parliament in the Netherlands. ...

• drs. W.J. (Wouter) Bos, fractievoorzitter
• S.A.M. (Sharon) Dijksma, vice-fractievoorzitter
• drs. M.I. (Mariëtte) Hamer
• mr. N. (Nebahat) Albayrak
• drs. K. (Kadija) Arib
• L. (Luuk) Blom
• drs. A.J.W. (Jan) Boelhouwer
• dr. M. (Jet) Bussemaker
• drs. F.J.M. (Ferd) Crone
• ir. M.H.P. (Martijn) van Dam
• ir. G.C.F.M. (Staf) Depla
• M.J. (Marjo) van Dijken
• ir. J.R.V.A. (Jeroen) Dijsselbloem
• drs. K. (Kris) Douma
• drs. J.N. (Niesco) Dubbelboer
• A.Th. (Adri) Duivesteijn
• drs. A.M.C. (Angelien) Eijsink
• Th.O. (Thea) Fierens
• drs. F. (Frank) Heemskerk
• mr. E.P. (Peter) van Heemst
• drs. G.M. (Godelieve) van Heteren
• mr. N.A. (Ella) Kalsbeek
• drs. A.G. (Bert) Koenders
• dr. ir. J.H.J. (Joanneke) Kruijsen
• J.A.W.J. (John) Leerdam
• drs. P.L. (Peter) Meijer
• ing. S.E.A. (Saskia) Noorman-den Uyl
• drs. C.W.J.M. (Lia) Roefs
• ir. D.M. (Diederik) Samsom
• P.E. (Pauline) Smeets
• J.C. (José) Smits
• P.A.J. (Piet) Straub
• mr. J. (Hannie) Stuurman
• J. (Jacques) Tichelaar
• A.J. (Anja) Timmer
• drs. F.C.G.M. (Frans) Timmermans
• dr. V.Th. (Varina) Tjon-A-Ten
• G.A. (Gerdi) Verbeet
• dr. J.C. (Co) Verdaas
• mr. K.G. (Klaas) de Vries
• H.E. (Harm Evert) Waalkens
• mr. A. (Aleid) Wolfsen

Wouter Bos (born July 14, 1963) is a Dutch politician who is currently leader of the Dutch Labour Party (PvdA) and member of parliament. ... There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ... There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ... Klaas George de Vries (April 28, 1943 in Hoensbroek) is a member of the lower house of the Dutch parliament for the PvdA. De Vries has an impressive political career: he has been a member of parliament for more than 15 years, he has been a minister, and has been...

Members of the Higher House of Parliament

Development of the number of seats in the Higher House, of the 75 available between 1956 and now and 50 before 1956: The Eerste Kamer (literally First Chamber in Dutch) is the Upper House or Senate of the Netherlands parliament, the States-General. ...

1946 - 14

1948 - 14

1951 - 14

1952 - 14

1955 - 14

1966 - 22

1960 - 23

1963 - 25

1966 - 22

1969 - 20

1971 - 18

1974 - 21

1977 - 25

1980 - 26

1981 - 28

1983 - 17

1987 - 26

1991 - 16

1995 - 14

1999 - 15

2003 - 19

After the 2003 Lower House elections the party has 19 representatives in the Lower House: 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1966 calendar). ... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ... 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1966 calendar). ... 1969 (MCMLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1971 calendar). ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1974 calendar). ... For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Eerste Kamer (literally First Chamber in Dutch) is the Upper House or Senate of the Netherlands parliament, the States-General. ...

• T.R. Doesburg
• S.J. van Driel
• J.H. Eigeman
• J. Hamel
• E.C.M. Jurgens
• F. Leijnse
• M.Y. Linthorst
• T.A. Maas-de Brouwer
• M.C. Meindertsma
• L.P. Middel
• H.C.P. Noten, fractievoorzitter
• K. Putters
• R. Rabbinge
• J.J. Sylvester
• I.Y. Tan
• E. van Thijn
• M. Westerveld
• A.C.C. Witteman
• W.J. Witteveen

There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ...

Members of the European Parliament

Development of the number of seats in the European Parliament, of the between 600 to 700 available: The European Parliament is the parliamentary body of the European Union (EU), directly elected by EU citizens once every five years. ...

2004 - 7

1999 - 6

1994 - 8

1989 - 8

1984 - 9

1979 - 9

PvdA MEPs are part of the faction Party of European Socialists. Elections to the European Parliament were held from June 10, 2004 to June 13, 2004 in the 25 member states of the European Union, using varying election days according to local custom. ... The 1999 election was the first election for the European Parliament after the enlargement of the European Union with Austria, Finland and Sweden. ... The Party of European Socialists (PES) (French: Parti socialiste européen (PSE); German: Sozialdemokratische Partei Europas (SPE); Spanish: Partido socialista europeo (PSE); Italian: Partito socialista europeo (PSE)) is a European political party whose members are 30 social democratic, socialist and labour parties of the European Union member states as well...

After the 2004 European Parliament elections the party has 7 representatives in the European Parliament: The European Parliament is the parliamentary body of the European Union (EU), directly elected by EU citizens once every five years. ...

• Max van den Berg, fractievoorzitter
• Edith Mastenbroek
• Jan Marinus Wiersma
• Emine Bozkurt
• Dorette Corbey
• Thijs Berman
• Ieke van den Burg

Margrietus van den Berg (born 22 March 1946 in Ammerstol, South Holland) is a Dutch politician and Member of the European Parliament. ... There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ... Edith Mastenbroek (born 23 March 1975 in The Hague) is a Dutch politician and Member of the European Parliament. ... Jan Marinus Wiersma (born 26 August 1951 in Groningen) is a Dutch politician and Member of the European Parliament. ... Emine Bozkurt (born 9 August 1967 in Zaandam, North Holland) is a Dutch politician and Member of the European Parliament. ... Dorette Corbey Dorette Corbey (born 19 July 1957 in Eindhoven) is a Dutch politician and Member of the European Parliament. ... Thijs Berman (born 26 September 1957 in Coevorden, Drenthe) is a Dutch politician and Member of the European Parliament. ... Ieke van den Burg (born 6 March 1952 in Apeldoorn, Gelderland) is a Dutch politician and Member of the European Parliament. ...

Muncipal and Provincial Government

Provincial government

2 of the 12 Queen's commissioners are member of the PvdA. The party cooperates in all Gedeputeerde Staten except for North Holland. There are two levels of local government in The Netherlands, the provinces and the municipalities. ... There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ... Capital Haarlem Queens Commissioner Mr. ...

Municipal government

122 of the 414 mayor of the Netherlands are member of the PvdA. Most famous of them is Job Cohen, mayor of Amsterdam. The party cooperate in many College van Burgermeester en Wethouders, and after the 2006 municipal elections it expected to cooperate in many more. There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ... Marius Job Cohen (born 18 October 1947) is the current mayor of Amsterdam, the capital of the Netherlands. ... Amsterdam Location Flag Country Netherlands Province North Holland Population 742,951(1 January 2005) Coordinates Website www. ... There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ...

Electorate

Historically the PvdA was supported by the working class. Currently the party is supported by civil servants, young people, migrants, and the working class. The party has historically been very strong in the major cities, such as Amsterdam, and Rotterdam and northern provinces of Groningen, Friesland and Drenthe The term working class is used to denote a social class. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Immigration is the act of moving to or settling in another country or region, temporarily or permanently. ... Amsterdam Location Flag Country Netherlands Province North Holland Population 742,951(1 January 2005) Coordinates Website www. ... For other places named Rotterdam, see Rotterdam (disambiguation) Rotterdam ( (help· info)), located in the province of South Holland, is the second largest municipality in the Netherlands (after Amsterdam). ... Groningen can refer to: A province of the Netherlands. ... Capital Leeuwarden Queens Commissioner drs. ... Drenthe is a province of the Netherlands, located in the north-east of the country. ...

Organization

Organizational structure

The highest organ of the PvdA is the congres, it is formed by delegates from the municipal branches. It convenes once every year. It appoints the party board and decides the order of the First Chamber, Second Chamber, European Parliament candidates list and has the last say over the party program. Since 2002 a referendum under all members has partially replaced the Congres. Both the lijsttrekker of the Second Chamber candidate list, who is the political leader of the party, and the party chairman, who leads the party organization, are selected by such a referendum. For the Cusco album, see 2002 (album). ... A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita, a decree of the Concilium Plebis) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. ... There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ...

Members

The PvdA currently has 62.000 members. They are organized in over 500 municipal branches.

Linked organisations

The Young Socialists (Jonge Socialisten, JS) is the youth organisation of the PvdA. It is a member of the European Community of Socialist Youth (ECOSY), and the International Union of Socialist Youth (IUSY). They publishes the periodical Lava. Rood is the party-periodical, it appears 8 times a year. The scientific institute of the PvdA is the Wiardi Beckman Foundation. It publishes the periodical Socialisme & Democratie. The International Union of Socialist Youth (IUSY) encompasses socialist, social democratic and Labour Party youth organizations from more than 100 states of the world. ...

International organisations

The PvdA is a member of the Party of European Socialists and the Socialist International. The Party of European Socialists (PES) (French: Parti socialiste européen (PSE); German: Sozialdemokratische Partei Europas (SPE); Spanish: Partido socialista europeo (PSE); Italian: Partito socialista europeo (PSE)) is a European political party whose members are 30 social democratic, socialist and labour parties of the European Union member states as well... The official symbol of Socialist International The Socialist International (SI) is an international organisation for social democratic and democratic socialist parties. ...

Pillarized organisations

During the period of strong pillarization the PvdA had strong links with the social-democratic broadcasting organization VARA, the trade union NVV, and the paper Het Vrije Volk. Although pillarization has weakend the PvdA is still has friendly relations with the largest trade union FNV and the leftwing broadsheet De Volkskrant. Pillarization is a term used to describe the way their dutch and belgians dealt with the multicultural societies. ... The Omroepvereniging VARA (VARA Broadcasting Association) is a public broadcasting organization in the Netherlands, founded in 1925 as the Vereeniging van Arbeiders Radio Amateurs (Association of Worker Radio Amateurs). ... The Federatie Nederlandse Vakbeweging (FNV, Federated Netherlands Labour Movement) is the largest federation of trade unions in the Netherlands. ... De Volkskrant is a Dutch newspaper. ...

Relationships to other parties

Historically the PvdA has cooperated in cabinets with the christian-democratic CDA, [PPR, KVP, ARP and CHU parties and the liberal D66 and VVD. Between 1971 and 1977 it was allied with D66 and the PPR. After 1977 until 1989 it was closely allied to D66. Since 2003 the relationship between the PvdA and D66 has considerably worsened, because the PvdA is in opposition to the cabinet D66 cooperates in. Currently the Socialist Party and the GreenLeft are calling for closer cooperation with the PvdA, calling to form a shadow government against the Balkenende cabinet, PvdA-leader Bos has held this off. The Christen Democratisch Appèl (Abbriviated: CDA, English: Christian-Democratic Appeal) is a Dutch christian-democratic political party. ... The Political Party of Radicals (PPR) was dutch leftwing political party. ... The Katholieke Volkspartij (in English: Catholic Peoples Party; abbreviated as KVP) was a Catholic Christian-democratic Dutch political party. ... The Christian-Historical Union (CHU) was a Dutch Protestant party. ... Democraten 66 (D66), is a social liberal party in the Netherlands. ... The Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy (Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie; VVD) is the Dutch right-wing liberal party. ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1971 calendar). ... For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ... For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Socialist Party (Dutch: Socialistische Partij) is a socialist party in the Netherlands. ... This article is about the Dutch political party. ...

International Comparison

Internationally the PvdA is comparable to other European social-democratic parties that have adopted Third Road policies, like the German SPD but most of all the New Labour. The party is comparable to the liberals within the U.S. Democratic Party. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with SPD (disambiguation). ... The Labour Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom (see British politics), and one of the United Kingdoms three main political parties. ... The Democratic Party is one of the two major political parties in the United States, the other one being the Republican Party. ...

Trivia

Fate has it that every socialist Prime Minister has had to deal with a Royal crisis, necessitating on the basis of constitutional law the defence of the monarchy against a traditionally republican party base:

• During the Drees cabinet, a faith healer Greet Hofmans acquired commanding influence over the queen and had already put her marriage in jeopardy. Drees needed all his discretion to get her banned from the palace.
• During the Den Uyl government, it was shown that the Lockheed Aircraft Company had given large sums to the Prince Consort, who had a nominal position as inspector-general of the Air Force.
• During the Kok cabinet, then Prince Royal married Máxima Zorreguieta, an Argentinian civilian whose father, Jorge Zorreguieta, was a cabinet member in Argentina during the junta period.

Greet Hofmans (23 June 1894 – 16 November 1968) was a faith healer and hand layer. ... The Lockheed SR-71, remarkably advanced for its time and unsurpassed in many areas of performance The Lockheed U-2 first flew in 1955 providing much needed intelligence on Soviet bloc countries Lockheed Corporation was an aerospace company founded in 1912 which merged with Martin Marietta in 1995 to form... Prince Bernhard as Royal Consort Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands (June 29, 1911 – December 1, 2004) was Prince Consort to the late Queen Juliana of the Netherlands, and father of the current monarch, Queen Beatrix. ... HRH The Princess of Orange (Máxima Zorreguieta Cerruti) (born May 17, 1971 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) is the wife of Prince Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, heir to the Dutch throne. ...

External links

• Official Website
• A PvdA political ad, using elements from Super Mario