NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Lacida

The Lacida (or LCD) was a rotor cipher machine designed before World War II by the Polish Cipher Bureau for wartime use by Polish higher commands. Its name derived from the initials of Gwido Langer, Maksymilian Ciężki and Leonard Stanisław Danilewicz and/or his brother, Ludomir Danilewicz. In cryptography, a rotor machine is a electro-mechanical device used for encrypting and decrypting secret messages. ... World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human suffering, fierce indoctrinations, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons such as the atom bomb World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a mid-20th-century conflict that engulfed much of the... Cipher Bureau building constructed in 1937 in the Kabaty woods, south of Warsaw. ... Maksymilian CiÄ™Å¼ki (1899â€“November 9, 1951) was the head of the German section of the Polish Cipher Bureau during the 1930s, during which time the organisation was able to decrypt German Enigma messages. ...

Two LCDs had been sent to France prior to the invasion of Poland in September 1939. The LCD was used by the Polish Team Z at the Polish-, Spanish- and French-manned Cadix radio-intelligence and decryption center at Uzès, near France's Mediterranean coast, from spring 1941. September is the ninth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four Gregorian months with 30 days. ... Hey. ... Farmers market in UzÃ¨s UzÃ¨s is a picturesque town and commune in the Gard dÃ©partement, Languedoc, about 15 miles north-northeast of NÃ®mes. ... 1941 was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Prior to production, the machine had never been subjected to rigorous decryption attempts. Now it was decided to remedy this oversight. In early July 1941, Polish cryptologists Marian Rejewski and Henryk Zygalski received LCD-enciphered messages that had been transmitted a few days earlier to the staff of the Polish Commander-in-Chief, in London. Breaking the first message, given them July 3, took the two cryptologists all of a couple of hours. Further tests yielded similar results. July is the seventh month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... 1941 was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Pre-19th century Leone Battista Alberti, polymath/universal genius, inventor of polyalphabetic substitution (see frequency analysis for the significance of this -- missed by most for a long time and dumbed down in the Vigenère cipher), and what may have been the first mechanical encryption aid. ... Marian Rejewski as second lieutenant (signals), Polish Army in Britain, in late 1943 or in 1944. ... Henryk Zygalski, about 1930. ... July 3 is the 184th day of the year (185th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 181 days remaining. ...

Rejewski explained in 1974 that the LCD had two serious flaws. It lacked the commutator ("plugboard") that was one of the German Enigma machine's strong points. The machine's other weakness involved the reflector and wiring. These shortcomings did not imply that the LCD, somewhat larger than Enigma and more complicated (e.g., it had a switch for resetting to decipherment) was easy to solve. The likelihood of its being broken by the German E-Dienst was judged to be slight; theoretically, however, it did exist. Col. Langer suspended use of the LCD at Cadix. 1974 is a common year starting on Tuesday (click on link for calendar). ... For an electrical switch that periodically reverses the current see commutator (electric) In mathematics, the commutator gives an indication of how badly a certain binary operation fails to be commutative. ... In the history of cryptography, the Enigma was a portable cipher machine used to encrypt and decrypt secret messages. ... A reflector can mean one of several things: a reflecting telescope a device or a part of an antenna that reflects radio waves a device that causes reflection, for example, a mirror or a retroreflector a 1981 album by Pablo Cruise In LAPACK the term reflector with the types block...

References

Christopher Kasparek (born 1945) is a writer and a translator from Polish into English. ...

Categories: Rotor machines In cryptography, a rotor machine is a electro-mechanical device used for encrypting and decrypting secret messages. ... In the history of cryptography, the Enigma was a portable cipher machine used to encrypt and decrypt secret messages. ... The advanced Russian cipher machine Fialka (M-125) has only recently been made known to the public. ... A single-rotor Hebern machine. ... A diagram of a loopback-rotor construction; in this simplified example, two rotors with nine contacts each are used. ... KL-7 on display at USAF Communications Agency museum. ... Friedman patented the design of the M-325 in US patent #2,877,565. ... The NEMA (NEue MAschine) (new machine), also designated the T-D (Tasten-Druecker-Maschine) (key-stroke machine), was a 10-wheel rotor machine designed by the Swiss Army during World War II. Categories: Rotor machines ... SIGABA In the history of cryptography, the ECM Mark II was a rotor machine used by the United States from World War II (WWII) until the 1950s. ... Typex was based on the commercial Enigma machine, but incorporated a number of additional features to improve the security. ... The Bazeries cylinder is a simple cipher machine originally invented by American President Thomas Jefferson in the 18th century, but did not come into wide use until it was reinvented by Commandant Etienne Bazeries, the conqueror of the Great Cipher, a century later. ... The (Hagelin) C-52 and CX-52 were cipher machines manufactured by Crypto AG starting 1951/1952. ... The (Hagelin) CD-57 was a portable, mechanical cipher machine manufactured by Crypto AG, first produced in 1957 (1). ... An HC-9 on display at Bletchley Park. ... The Kryha machine, patented in the US in 1930, used two concentic discs labelled with the alphabet. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Bazeries cylinder. ... The M-94 and M-138 cipher devices The M-94 was a piece of cryptographic equipment used by the United States army, consisting of several lettered discs arranged as a cylinder. ... In cryptography, the M-209, designated CSP-1500 by the Navy (C-38 by the manufacturer) is a portable, mechanical cipher machine used by the US military primarily in World War II, though it remained in active use through the Korean War. ... This article is about the encryption device; for the Dune character, see Scytale (Dune). ... The 5-UCO was a one time tape (OTT) Vernam cipher encryption system developed by the U.K. during World War II for use on teletype circuits. ... The basic TOPIC equipment without the power supply on display at Bletchley Park. ... An array of KW-26s The TSEC/KW-26, code named ROMULUS, was an encryption system used by the U.S. Government and, later, by NATO countries. ... The KW-37, code named JASON, was an encryption system developed In the 1950s by the U.S. National Security Agency to protect fleet broadcasts of the U.S. Navy. ... The Lorenz machine was used to encrypt high-level German military communications during World War II. British cryptographers at Bletchley Park were able to break the cipher. ... STURGEON exhibit at the National Cryptologic Museum. ... Secure voice (alternatively secure speech or ciphony) is a term in cryptography for devices which are designed to provide voice encryption for voice communication over a range of communication devices such as radio or telephone. ... The Speech Security Equipment (VINSON), TSEC/KY-57, is a portable, tactical cryptographic device in the VINSON family, designed to provide voice encryption for a range of military communication devices such as radio or telephone. ... Front panel of KY-58. ... The Omni adds Type 1 secure voice and secure data to any standard analog telephone or modem connected computer. ... STE desk set. ... SIGSALY exhibit at the National Cryptologic Museum In cryptography, SIGSALY (also Green Hornet) was a telephone scrambler used in World War II for the highest-level Allied communications. ... The STU-III secure telephone STU-III is a family of secure telephones introduced in 1987 by the NSA for use by the United States Government, its allies and its contractors. ... VINSON is a family of voice encryption devices used by U.S. and allied military and law enforcement, based on the SAVILLE encryption algorithm and 16 kbit/s CVSD audio compression. ... SCIP is the U.S. Governments standard for secure voice communication. ... The SectÃ©ra Secure Module is a device that can provide encryption of both voice and data. ... The word cryptex is a neologism coined by the author Dan Brown for his novel The Da Vinci Code, denoting a portable vault used to hide secret messages. ... A selection of antique, hand-crafted Chinese jadeite jade buttons Jade An ornamental stone, jade is a name applied to two different silicate minerals. ... KG-84A and KG-84C. US Navy photo. ... Chromaticity diagram. ... The German Lorenz cipher machine contained 12 pinwheels, with a total of 501 pins . In cryptography, a pinwheel was a device for producing a short pseudorandom sequence of bits (determined by the machines initial settings), as a component in a cipher machine. ...