Categories: Electrolyte disturbance | Medical emergencies | Medicine stubs Hypercholesterolemia (literally: high blood cholesterol) is the presence of high levels of cholesterol in the blood. ... Hypercholesterolemia (literally: high blood cholesterol) is the presence of high levels of cholesterol in the blood [1]. It is not a disease but a metabolic derangement that can be secondary to many diseases and can contribute to many forms of disease, most notably cardiovascular disease. ... In medicine, familial hypercholesterolemia is a rare disease characterised by very high LDL cholesterol and early cardiovascular disease running in families. ... A xanthoma is a deposition of cholesterol-rich material in tendons and other body parts in various disease states: Tendon xanthomas (associated with familial hypercholesterolemia, cerebrotendineous xanthomatosis and phytosterolemia) Palmar xanthomas Eruptive xanthomas See also xanthelasma Categories: Stub | Sign (medicine) ... In medicine, combined hyperlipidemia (or -aemia) is a commonly occurring form of hypercholesterolemia (elevated cholesterol levels) characterised by increased LDL and triglyceride concentrations, often accompanied by decreased HDL. On lipoprotein electrophoresis (a test now rarely performed) is shows as a hyperlipoproteinemia type IIB. The elevated triglyceride levels (>5 mmol/l... Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency (LCAT deficiency) is a disorder of lipoprotein metabolism. ... Tangier disease is a rare inherited disorder characterized by a severe reduction in the amount of high density lipoprotein (HDL), often referred to as good cholesterol, in the bloodstream. ... Abetalipoproteinemia is a rare genetic disorder (autosomal recessive) that interferes with the normal absorption of fat and fat soluble vitamins from food. ... Minerals are natural compounds formed through geological processes. ... Wilsons disease or hepatolenticular degeneration is an autosomal recessive hereditary disease, with an incidence of about 1 in 30,000 in most parts of the world and a male preponderance. ... Menkes disease, also called the kinky hair disease or Menkes kinky hair syndrome, is a disease of abnormal copper metabolism. ... Haemochromatosis, also spelled hemochromatosis, is a hereditary disease characterized by improper processing by the body of dietary iron which causes iron to accumulate in a number of body tissues, eventually causing organ dysfunction. ... Acrodermatitis enteropathica is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by periorificial (around the natural orifices) and acral (in the limbs) dermatitis, alopecia (loss of hair), and diarrhea. ... Hypophosphatemia is an electrolyte disturbance in which there is an abnormally depleted level of phosphate in the blood. ... Hypophosphatasia is a rare inherited metabolic disease of decreased tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) and defective bone mineralization. ... Hypermagnesemia is an electrolyte disturbance in which there is an abnormally elevated level of magnesium in the blood. ... Hypomagnesemia is an electrolyte disturbance in which there is an abnormally low level of magnesium in the blood. ... Hypercalcaemia (or Hypercalcemia) is an elevated calcium level in the blood. ... In medicine, hypocalcaemia is the presence of low serum calcium levels in the blood, usually taken as less than 2. ... Disorders of calcium metabolism occur when the body has too little or too much calcium. ... An electrolyte is a substance containing free ions which behaves as an electrically conductive medium. ... The text or formatting below is generated by a template which has been proposed for deletion. ... Electrolyte disturbance refers to an abnormal change in the levels of electrolytes in the body. ... Hypernatremia is an electrolyte disturbance consisting of an elevated sodium level in the blood (compare to hyponatremia, meaning a low sodium level). ... The electrolyte disturbance hyponatremia or hyponatraemia exists in humans when the sodium level in the plasma falls below 135 mmol/l. ... Acidosis is an increased acidity (i. ... In medicine, metabolic acidosis is a state in which the blood pH is low (under 7. ... Respiratory acidosis is acidosis (abnormal acidity of the blood) due to decreased ventilation of the pulmonary alveoli, leading to elevated arterial carbon dioxide concentration. ... Alkalosis refers to a condition reducing hydrogen ion concentration of arterial blood plasma. ... Metabolic alkalosis results from altered metabolism. ... Alkalosis refers to a condition reducing hydrogen ion concentration of arterial blood plasma. ... In a Mixed disorder of acid-base balance more than one of the following is occurring in the patient at the same time: acidosis metabolic acidosis respiratory acidosis alkalosis metabolic alkalosis respiratory alkalosis The patient can have an acidosis and alkosis at the same time that partially counteract each other... Dehydration (hypohydration) is the removal of water (hydro in ancient Greek) from an object. ... Hypervolemia (or Fluid overload) is the medical condition where there is too much fluid in the body. ... Hypokalemia is a potentially fatal condition in which the body fails to retain sufficient potassium to maintain health. ... Hyperkalemia is an elevated blood level (above 5. ... Hyperchloremia is an electrolyte disturbance in which there is an abnormally elevated level of the chloride ion in the blood. ... Hypochloremia is an electrolyte disturbance in which there is an abnormally depleted level of the chloride ion in the blood. ... Core porphyrin structure 3D representation A porphyrin is a heterocyclic macrocycle made from 4 pyrrole subunits linked on opposite sides (α position) through 4 methine bridges (=CH-). The macrocycle, therefore, is more aromatic than the related corrins, chlorins (2,3-dihydroporphyrin) and bacteriochlorins (2,3,12,13-tetrahydroporphyrin). ... Bilirubin is a yellow breakdown product of heme catabolism. ... Acatalasia (or Takaharas disease) is a peroxisomal disorder caused by a catalase deficiency. ... It has been suggested that Gilbert syndrome be merged into this article or section. ... Crigler-Najjar syndrome is a disorder of bilirubin metabolism. ... Dubin-Johnson syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease which presents shortly after birth with an increase of conjugated bilirubin without elevation of liver enzymes (ALT, AST). ... Rotor syndrome is a rare, benign autosomal recessive disorder of unknown origin. ... Porphyrias are a group of inherited or acquired disorders of certain enzymes in the heme biosynthetic pathway (also called porphyrin pathway). ... Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a rare metabolic disorder that is characterized by a deficiency of the enzyme, porphobilinogen deaminase (PBG-D), also known as uroporphyrinogen I-synthase. ... Gunthers disease is a form of erythropoietic porphyria. ... The porphyrias are inherited or acquired disorders of certain enzymes in the heme biosynthetic pathway (also called porphyrin pathway). ... The porphyrias are inherited or acquired disorders of certain enzymes in the heme biosynthetic pathway (also called porphyrin pathway). ... Hepatoerythropoietic porphyria is a very rare form of hepatic porphyria caused by a disorder in the gene which codes Uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase (UROD). ... The porphyrias are inherited or acquired disorders of certain enzymes in the heme biosynthetic pathway (also called porphyrin pathway). ... The porphyrias are inherited or acquired disorders of certain enzymes in the heme biosynthetic pathway (also called porphyrin pathway). ... Chondroitin sulfate Hyaluronan Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) or mucopolysaccharides are long unbranched polysaccharides consisting of a repeating disaccharide unit. ... The mucopolysaccharidoses are inborn errors of metabolism resulting from the deficiency of specific lysosomal enzymes needed in glycosaminoglycan catabolism. ... Hurler syndrome, also known as mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) or Hurlers disease, is a genetic disorder that results in the deficiency of alpha-L iduronidase, which is an enzyme that breaks down mucopolysaccharides. ... Hunters syndrome is a mucopolysaccharide disease caused by an enzyme deficiency of iduronate-2-sulfatase (I2S). ... Sanfillipo syndrome is a lysosomal storage disorder resulting from a deficiency in the lysosomal enzyme heparan-N-sulfatase. ... Morquio syndrome (referred to as mucopolysaccharidosis IV or Morquios) is a mucopolysaccharide storage disease. ... A glycoprotein is a macromolecule composed of a protein and a carbohydrate (an oligosaccharide). ... ML II is also referred to as inclusion-cell (I-cell) disease because waste products, thought to include carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, accumulate into masses known as inclusion bodies. ... Symptoms of ML III are often not noticed until the child is 3-5 years of age. ... Aspartylglucosaminuria is a glycoprotein metabolism disorder caused by a lack of aspartylglucosaminidase (AGA). ... Fucosidosis is an autosomal recessive disease in which fucosidase is not properly used in the cells to break fucose. ... α-mannosidosis is a genetic disorder that causes progressive mental and physical deterioration. ... Categories: Possible copyright violations ... Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (A1AD or Alpha-1) is a genetic disorder caused by defective production of alpha 1-antitrypsin, deficient activity in the blood and lungs, and deposition of excessive amounts of abnormal A1AT protein in liver cells. ... Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a hereditary inflammatory disorder that affects groups of patients originating from around the Mediterranean Sea (hence its name). ... Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (LNS) is a rare, inherited disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT). ...