Lactobacillus plantarum is a widespread member of the genus Lactobacillus, commonly found in sauerkraut, pickles, brined olives, korean kimchi, nigerian ogi, sourdugh and other fermented plant material and also in some cheeses and fermented sausages. It is also present in saliva (from which it was first isolated). This microorganism is Gram (+), grows at 15 but not at 45 °C, and produces both isomers of lactic acid (D and L). It has the ability to liquefy gelatin. [1] L. plantarum has one of the largest genomes known among the lactic acid bacteria and is a very flexible and versatile species. Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Phyla/Divisions Actinobacteria Aquificae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chlamydiae/Verrucomicrobia Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Nitrospirae Omnibacteria Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacteria Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Bacteria (singular, bacterium) are a major group of living organisms. ... Classes Bacilli Clostridia Mollicutes The Firmicutes are a division of bacteria, most of which have Gram-positive cell wall structure. ... Orders Bacillales Lactobacillales The term bacilli (singular bacillus) is used to refer to any rod-shaped bacteria. ... Families Aerococcaceae Carnobacteriaceae Enterococcaceae Lactobacillaceae Leuconostocaceae Streptococcaceae The Lactobacillales are an order of Gram-positive bacteria that comprise the lactic acid bacteria. ... Genera Lactobacillus Paralactobacillus Pediococcus The Lactobacillaceae is a family of Gram-positive bacteria, placed within the order of Lactobacillales. ... Species L. acidophilus L. bulgaricus L. casei L. plantarum L. reuterietc. ... In biology, binomial nomenclature is the formal method of naming species. ... Species L. acidophilus L. bulgaricus L. casei L. plantarum L. reuterietc. ... Sauerkraut and sausage on a plate Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... Saliva is the watery and usually somewhat frothy substance produced in the mouths of some animals, including humans. ... Gram-positive bacteria are those that are stained dark blue or violet by gram staining, in contrast to gram-negative bacteria, which are not affected by the stain. ... Lactic acid (IUPAC systematic name: 2-hydroxypropanoic acid), also known as milk acid, is a chemical compound that plays a role in several biochemical processes. ... Species L. acidophilus L. bulgaricus L. plantarum L.reuteri etc. ...

L. plantarum and related lactobacilli are unusual in that they can respire oxygen but have no respiratory chain or cytochromes—the consumed oxygen ultimately ends up as hydrogen peroxide. The peroxide probably acts as a weapon to exclude competing bacteria from the food source. In place of the protective enzyme superoxide dismutase present in almost all other oxygen-tolerant cells, this organism accumulates millimolar quantities of manganese polyphosphate. Because the chemistry by which manganese complexes protect the cells from oxygen damage is subverted by iron, these cells contain virtually no iron atoms; in contrast, a cell of Escherichia coli of comparable volume contains over one million iron atoms. The electron transfer chain (also called the electron transport chain, or simply electron transport), is a series of protein complexers and lipid messengers spanning the inner mitochondrial membrane that accepts electrons from electron donors such as NADH or succinate, shuttles these electrons from within the mitochondrial matrix across the inner... Cytochromes are generally membrane-bound proteins that contain heme groups and carry out electron transport or catalyse reductive/oxidative reactions. ... Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a very pale blue liquid which appears colourless in a dilute solution, slightly more viscous than water. ... Superoxide dismutase The enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1. ... General Name, Symbol, Number manganese, Mn, 25 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 7, 4, d Appearance silvery metallic Atomic mass 54. ... General Name, Symbol, Number iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 4, d Appearance lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge Atomic mass 55. ... ...

L. plantarum is the most common bacterium used in silage inoculants. Silage (hay) somewhere in Allschwil or Schönenbuch, near Basel, Switzerland. ...