NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Ladislaus IV of Hungary

Ladislaus IV the Cuman (Hungarian: IV. (Kun) László, Croatian: Ladislav III., Slovak: Ladislav IV) (August 1262 – July 10, 1290, Kőrösszeg, Hungary), also known as László IV, King of Hungary and Croatia (1272-1290). This is a list of all rulers of Hungary since Árpád. ...

1 Early years
2 Child king of Hungary
3 The friend of the Cumans
4 See also

Early years

He was the elder son of Stephen V of Hungary and his wife, Elizabeth the Cuman. Elizabeth was daughter of a chieftain of the Cumans, which had settled to Hungary after Mongol pressure drove them westwards. She was born as a pagan and she was baptised just before her wedding with the future Stephen V in 1253. King Stephen V of Hungary (Hungarian: , Slovak: Å tefan V) (1239 or 1240 â€“ August 6, 1272), was the son of Bela IV of Hungary, whom he succeeded in 1270. ... Cuman, also called Polovtsy, Polovtsian, or the Anglicized Polovzian (Russian: , Ukrainian: , Turkish: , Bulgarian: , Romanian: , Hungarian: ), is a Western European exonym for the western Kipchaks. ...

Just after his birth, a civil war broken in Hungary between his father, who had been crowned as junior king of Hungary, and his grandfather Béla IV of Hungary. During the struggles, the senior king's troops occupied the castle of Sárospatak, where the child Ladislaus and his mother were staying, and he was taken to his grandfather's court. The two kings concluded a peace only in 1265 when Ladislaus returned to his father's court. In 1269 Béla IV betrothed him to Elisabeth of Anjou, the daughter of King Charles I of Naples. BÃ©la IV c. ... SÃ¡rospatak is a town in Borsod-AbaÃºj-ZemplÃ©n county, Northern Hungary. ... Charles I (March 1227 - January 7, 1285) was the posthumous son of King Louis VIII of France, created Count of Anjou by his elder brother King Louis IX in 1246, thus founding the second Angevin dynasty. ...

Child king of Hungary

After the death of Béla IV of Hungary (May 3, 1270) Ladislaus' father became the sole ruler of the Kingdom of Hungary. Shortly afterwards, Ladislaus married his fiancée who had just arrived to the country. Ladislaus was kidnapped at age ten from his father's court by Joachim de genere Gut-Keled, Ban of Slavonia. The rebellious ban took the child king to the castle of Kapronca. [[Stephen V of Hungary vainly tried to occupy the castle with his troops, and shortly he fell ill and died unexpectedly on August 6, 1272. After the king's death the ban took Ladislaus to Székesfehérvár where Archbishop Philip of Esztergom crowned the child with the Crown of Thorns. BÃ©la IV c. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For other persons named Joachim, see Joachim (disambiguation). ... // The details of the arrival of the Croats are scarcely documented. ... SzÃ©kesfehÃ©rvÃ¡r (German: StuhlweiÃŸenburg, Latin: Alba Regia, colloquial Hungarian: FehÃ©rvÃ¡r, Croatian: Stolni Biograd) is a city in central Hungary, located around 65 km southwest of Budapest. ... For other uses, see Crown of Thorns (disambiguation). ...

His minority, from his accession to the throne until 1277, was an alternation of palace revolutions and civil wars, in which his Cuman mother Elizabeth barely contrived to keep the upper hand. After his coronation the major offices of the court were divided among among Joachim and his allies (Lorand de genere Gut-Keled, Miklós Geregye). They were joined by Henrik Kőszegi, who had been living in exile during the reign of Ladislaus' father. Henrik Kőszegi, shortly after his return, stabbed Ladislaus' cousin, Prince Béla of Machva, whose extensive estates were divided among the allied barons.

In the beginning of 1273 King Ottokar II of Bohemia, the murdered prince's brother-in-law, made a campaign against the Kingdom of Hungary, and occupied the Counties of Pozsony), Moson and Sopron. In 1274 the queen dowager managed to overthrow Ban Joachim and his allies, but he again kidnapped the child king. Although Peter Csák managed to liberate Ladislaus IV shortly, but Ban Joachim could kidnap his brother, Andrew and demanded the division of the kingdom between the king and his brother. Afterwards, the government of the kingdom changed frequently among the several parties of the barons. Ottokar II of Bohemia Areas ruled by Ottokar II Otakar II (also spelled Ottokar or PÅ™emysl Otakar/Ottokar) (c. ... Pozsony county was a historic administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. ... Moson (-Hungarian, in German: Wieselburg) was a historic administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary in present-day eastern Austria and north-western Hungary, on the right (south) side of the Danube river. ... For the historical county in the Kingdom of Hungary named Sopron / Ã–denburg, Sopron (county). ...

The friend of the Cumans

On May 23, 1277 the assembly of the 'prelates, barons, nobles and Cumans' in Rákos declared Ladislaus of full age and he theoratically began to govern the kingdom. On November 11, 1277 Ladislaus IV met King Rudolph I of Germany in Vienna and they entered into an alliance against the King of Bohemia. In the next year he sent troops to the German king who defeated Ottokar II of Bohemia on August 26, 1278 in the Battle on the Marchfeld. The brass of the tomb of Rudolph I in Speyer Rudolph I (Rudolph of Habsburg) (May 1, 1218 â€“ July 15, 1291) was a German king, who played a vital role in raising the Habsburg family to a leading position among the royal dynasties of Germany. ... For other uses, see Vienna (disambiguation). ... The Lands of the Czech /Bohemian/ Crown (Czech zemÄ› Koruny ÄeskÃ©, Latin Corona regni Bohemiae) (e. ... Ottokar II of Bohemia Areas ruled by Ottokar II Otakar II (also spelled Ottokar or PÅ™emysl Otakar/Ottokar) (c. ...

Meanwhile, Ladislaus IV alienated his Angevin kinsfolk and the Hungarian nobility by favoring the society of the semi-pagan Cumans, from whom he was descended through his mother. He wore Cuman dress as his court wear, surrounded himself with Cuman concubines, and neglected his Angevin consort, Elizabeth of Anjou. Angevin (IPA: ) is the name applied to the residents of Anjou, a former province of the Kingdom of France, as well as to the residents of Angers. ... This article deals with some titles of the nobility and royalty in the Kingdom of Hungary. ... Concubinage refers to the state of a woman or youth in an ongoing, quasi-matrimonial relationship with a man of higher social status. ...

In the beginning of 1279 a papal legate arrived in Hungary to inquire into the conduct of the king, who was accused by his neighbors and many of his own subjects, of undermining Christianity. The papal legate summonded an assembly to Buda, where Ladislaus IV ordered the Cuman tribes to settle down in limited parts of the kingdom. However, he was not able to (or did not want to) enforce the fullfilment of his order; therefore the papal legate excommunicated him. Ladislaus IV managed to escape from the court and joined to the Cuman tribes, and with their help imprisoned the legate. He was shortly captured by the Voivode of Transylvania, Finta de genere Aba who enforced him to reconcile with the papal legate. Topics in Christianity Movements Â· Denominations Ecumenism Â· Relation to other religions Preaching Â· Prayer Music Â· Liturgy Â· Calendar Symbols Â· Art Â· Criticism Christianity Portal This box: Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ... Buda (German: Ofen, Croatian: Budim, Slovak: BudÃn, Serbian: Ð‘ÑƒÐ´Ð¸Ð¼ or Budim, Turkish: Budin) is the western part of the Hungarian capital Budapest on the right bank of the Danube. ...

Afterwards, the royal government, lead by Finta and his allies, tried to enforce the Cuman tribes to settle down, which resulted in the revolt of the Cumans who were planning to leave the country, but Ladislaus IV defeated them in a battle near Stari Slankamen (Szalánkemén). In 1281 Ladislaus IV replaced Finta and his allies with the members of the Kőszegi family; therefore the formers rose against him, but he managed to overcome them. In the next year some Cuman tribes decided again to leave Hungary; although Ladislaus IV won a decisive victory over the Cumans, but some of them managed to escape to the Balkans. Slankamen Orthodox Church of Saint Nikola founded in 1468 Stari Slankamen (Ð¡Ñ‚Ð°Ñ€Ð¸ Ð¡Ð»Ð°Ð½ÐºÐ°Ð¼ÐµÐ½), also known as Slankamen (Ð¡Ð»Ð°Ð½ÐºÐ°Ð¼ÐµÐ½), is a village located in the InÄ‘ija municipality, in the Srem District of Serbia. ...

Ladislaus IV, however, could not strengthen the royal power; therefore several fractions of the barons governed the kingdom in the next years. All Hungary was convulsed by civil war, during which the young king was driven from one end of his kingdom to the other. The magnates and lower nobility were able to establish their power at the expense of the monarchy during the prolonged political unrest.

In February, 1285 troops of the Golden Horde, lead by Nogai Khan, invaded and sacked the Eastern part of the country, but they retreated soon. The king's popularity was by now so low that many of his opponents claimed he had invited them. These rumors seemed to be justified when Ladislaus employed some of the Mongol captives as members of his personal guards. The Golden Horde (Mongolian: Altan Ordyn Uls; Tatar: ; Russian: ) is a Russian designation for the Mongol[1][2][3] â€” later Turkicized[4] â€” khanate established in the western part of the Mongol Empire after the Mongol invasion of Rus in the 1240s: present-day Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and the Caucasus. ... Nogai Khan (died 1299), also called Kara Nogai (Black Nogai), was a Khan of the Golden Horde and a great-grandson of Genghis Khan. ...

In September, 1286 Ladislaus IV arrested his wife and began to live together with his Cuman mistress, Édua. One year later he broke into the Convent of the Blessed Virgin on the Nyulak szigete ('Rabbits' Island'), where his sister Elisabeth had been living as a nun, and married her to a Czech magnate, Zaviś z Rozenberka. Having informed on these events, Archbishop Lodomer of Esztergom excommunicated the king and asked the pope to proclaim a crusade against him. Polish Magnate (17th century) Magnate, from the Late Latin magnas, a great man, itself from Latin magnus great, designates a noble or other man in a high social position, by birth, wealth or other qualities. ...

Afterwards, the anarchy became total in the kingdom, whose parts were practically governed by the great oligarchs, the members of the Babonić (Babonics), Kőszegi, Aba, Kán and Csák families, while Duke Albert I of Germany occupied several Western counties. In June 1289, Ladislaus IV reconciliated temporary with the Archdiocese of Esztergom and his wife, but he did not have enough power to rule over the barons, so he joined his Cuman followers again. Samuel Aba (Hungarian: Aba SÃ¡muel; in contemporary foreign sources: King Aba, on his coins: King Samuel) was the third King of Hungary. ... The KÃ¡n are a Hungarian noble family which gave bans (governors) to Croatia and Slavonia, Voivodes to Transylvania, and Palatines to Hungary in the 13th and 14th centuries. ... Albrecht I of Habsburg (July 1255 â€“ May 1, 1308), sometimes named as Albert I, was King of Germany, Duke of Austria, and eldest son of German King Rudolph I of Habsburg and Gertrude of Hohenburg. ... Map of the counties in the Kingdom of Hungary around 1880 A comitatus (less frequently, a comitat, or, inaccurately, a county; for the various names, their origin and use see here) is the name of an administrative unit in the Kingdom of Hungary from the 10th century to 1918. ... This historical diocese created in the 10th century became Archdiocese of Esztergom-Budapest on 31 May 1993. ...

In the beginnings of 1290 he appointed Mizse, a Muslim converted to Christianity, to Palatine. He was shortly slain in his camp at Körösszeg by Cuman assassins. The palatine (Latin: comes palatii, comes palatinus, later: palatinus (regni), Hungarian: nÃ¡dorispÃ¡n/ nÃ¡dor, Slovak: nÃ¡dvornÃ½ Å¾upan/ nÃ¡dvornÃ½ Å¡pÃ¡n, later: palatÃn / nÃ¡dvornÃk, German: Palatin) was the highest dignitary in the Kingdom of Hungary after the king (a kind of powerful prime minister...

He died heirless. His successor, Andrew III of Hungary, issued from another branch of the Árpád dynasty. Andrew III (Endre) of the Arpad dynasty was king of Hungary 1290-1301 and the last male of Arpads to hold the throne. ... The Arpads or ÃrpÃ¡ds (Hungarian: ÃrpÃ¡dok, Slovak: ArpÃ¡dovci, Croatian: ArpadoviÄ‡i) was a dynasty ruling in historic Hungary from the late 9th century to 1301 (with some interruptions, e. ...

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. EncyclopÃ¦dia Britannica, the eleventh edition The EncyclopÃ¦dia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910â€“1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the EncyclopÃ¦dia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...

Contents

Early years GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Child king of Hungary

The friend of the Cumans

See also

Early years